The Kinetic Effects of Layering Sequence of Al-Ge-Ni Ohmic Contact Components on (001) GaAs

1992 ◽  
Vol 260 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. V. Lampert ◽  
T. W. Haas ◽  
Paul H. Holloway
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Ohmic Contact ◽  
Heat Treatment Temperature ◽  
Doping Concentration ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Contact Layer ◽  
Treatment Temperature ◽  
Semiconductor Interface ◽  
Ohmic Behavior ◽  
Time Required

ABSTRACTElectrical characterization has demonstrated dramatic differences in the amount of heat treatment time required to convert the ohmic contact metallizations from Schottky to ohmic behavior, depending on the layering sequence of the Al, Ge, and Ni metals. Additional time differences were found to be dependent on the doping concentration of the contact layer of the GaAs and on the heat treatment temperature. For samples with Ge at the metal-semiconductor interface, the time required to convert from Schottky to ohmic behavior varies inversely with the doping concentration of the contact layer and directly with heat treatment temperature. Samples with Ni at the metal-semiconductor interface converted from Schottky to ohmic behavior much faster and had a much smaller dependence on the doping concentration and the heat treatment temperature. Models to explain these observations in terms of interdiffusion of the components and phases formed will be proposed.

The Effects of Growth Sequence on the Electronic Properties of Al-Ge-Ni Ohmic Contacts on (001) GaAs

1992 ◽  
Vol 281 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. V. Lampert ◽  
T. W. Haas ◽  
E. S. Lambers ◽  
Paul H. Holloway
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Phase Formation ◽  
Ohmic Contacts ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Contact Layer ◽  
Treatment Temperature ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Growth Sequence ◽  
Ohmic Behavior ◽  
Time Required

ABSTRACTThe growth sequence of Al, Ge, and Ni metals was shown to dramatically affect the amount of heat treatment time required to convert the electrical properties from Schottky to ohmic behavior. Differences in the heat treatment times required to convert from rectifying to ohmic contact were dependent on the doping concentration of the contact layer and on the heat treatment temperature. Interdiffusion of component elements and phase formation have been studied to determine the origin of these effects. Auger depth profiles and X-ray diffraction have been used to determine the interdiffusion and phase formation resulting from various types of thermal processing. Elemental profiles and identification of phases of Ni-Ga, Ni-As, and Ni-Ga-Ge will be used to explain the origin of ohmic behavior.

Low-temperature thermal pretreatment process for recycling inner core of spent lithium iron phosphate batteries

2020 ◽  
pp. 0734242X2095740
Author(s):  
Haijun Bi ◽  
Huabing Zhu ◽  
Lei Zu ◽  
Yong Gao ◽  
Song Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Heat Treatment Temperature ◽  
Lithium Iron Phosphate ◽  
Inner Core ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Iron Phosphate ◽  
Treatment Temperature ◽  
Heat Treatment Time ◽  
Physicochemical Changes

Spent lithium iron phosphate (LFP) batteries contain abundant strategic lithium resources and are thus considered attractive secondary lithium sources. However, these batteries may contaminate the environment because they contain hazardous materials. In this work, a novel process involving low-temperature heat treatment is used as an alternative pretreatment method for recycling spent LFP batteries. When the temperature reaches 300°C, the dissociation effect of the anode material gradually improves with heat treatment time. At the heat treatment time of 120 minutes, an electrode material can be dissociated. The extension of heat treatment time has a minimal effect on quality loss. The physicochemical changes in thermally treated solid cathode and anode materials are examined through scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The heat treatment results in the complete separation of the materials from aluminium foil without contamination. The change in heat treatment temperature has a small effect on the quality of LFP material shedding. When the heat treatment temperature reaches 300°C and the time reaches 120 minutes, heat treatment time increases, and the yield of each particle size is stable and basically unchanged. The method can be scaled up and may reduce environmental pollution due to waste LFP batteries.

Microstructure of Semi-Solid Extruded Copper Alloy after Heat Treatment

2019 ◽  
Vol 285 ◽  
pp. 146-152
Author(s):  
Nai Yong Li ◽  
Han Xiao ◽  
Chi Xiong ◽  
De Hong Lu ◽  
Rong Feng Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Heat Treatment Temperature ◽  
Copper Alloy ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Treatment Temperature ◽  
Primary Phase ◽  
Holding Time ◽  
Average Grain Size ◽  
Semi Solid

The semi-solid extruded ZCuSn10P1 copper alloy were annealed at different temperatures and time. The influences of heat treatment temperature and holding time on the microstructure of semi-solid ZCuSn10P1 copper alloy were investigated. The results show that with the increase of heat treatment temperature, the morphology of the semi-solid microstructure was improved, the sharp angle around the primary phase α-Cu and the liquid droplets were reduced. With the increase of heat treatment time, the solid-liquid segregation of the semi-solid structure was improved. The average grain size of the solid phase increased with the increasing of the holding time. After heat treatment, the solid solubility of the primary phase α-Cu increased, and the Sn and P elements in the liquid phase continued to diffuse to the primary phase α-Cu. The microstructure of semi-solid copper alloy was the most uniform after heat treatment at 350°C for 120 min.

Effect of Heat Treatment on the Reactivity and Crystallinity of Coal-Char

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shouyu Zhang ◽  
Junfu Lu ◽  
Jianmin Zhang ◽  
Qing Liu ◽  
Guangxi Yue
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Heat Treatment Temperature ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Treatment Temperature ◽  
Coal Char ◽  
Heat Treatment Time ◽  
Heat Treat ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Layer Stacking ◽  
Crystalline Growth

The effect of heat treatment on the reactivity and crystallinity of char prepared from the vitrinite of two coals (YX, JJ) was investigated by using XRD and TGA in this paper. The results from TGA show that the reactivity of the chars from YXV and JJV decreases with the increase of heat treatment temperature. The reactivity of YXV char decreases quickly and significantly as heat treatment time increases. However, after heat treatment time of 60 min, it decreases slowly. The effect of heat treatment time on the reactivity of JJV char is small. The results from XRD show that the crystallinity of coal-char is determined by the intensity of heat treatment. When heat treatment time is more than 60 minutes, the turbostratic crystallite of YXV char prepared under 900°C changes remarkably and becomes more orderly. The aromatic layer stacking heights (Lc) of YXV Char when heat treated above 900°C increased with the increase of heat treatment time. The effect of heat treat time on Lc of JJV char is small, but under heat treatment temperature of 1200°C, the crystalline of JJV char grows distinctly. There is a good parallel relationship between the crystalline growth and deactivation of the chars. It can be concluded that the growth of the crystalline is the main reason for the deactivation of coal-char.

Load TiO2 or TiO2-N on the Porous Carbon

2012 ◽  
Vol 512-515 ◽  
pp. 1686-1689
Author(s):  
Jie Chen ◽  
Le Fu Mei ◽  
Li Bing Liao
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Porous Carbon ◽  
Heat Treatment Temperature ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Treatment Temperature ◽  
Heat Treatment Time ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Soaking Time ◽  
Sol Gel Process

In this paper, porous carbon has been used to carry TiO2 and TiO2-N by a sol-gel process. The effect of soaking time, heat treatment temperature, and heat treatment time on the carrying efficiency have been studied. XRD experiments indicated that TiO2 and TiO2-N crystallized in anatase and rutile with the ratio of 3∶2. SEM images showed that island-like TiO2 and TiO2-N particles with diameters in the range of 1-5um, the biggest size is about 10um, were evenly coated on the surface of the porous carbon.

Effect of Heat Treatment on Hardness of Electroless Ni-P Plating

2011 ◽  
Vol 228-229 ◽  
pp. 878-882
Author(s):  
Guan Jun Liu ◽  
Xin Hua Mao ◽  
Jun Cao ◽  
Zhou Yu
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Heat Treatment Temperature ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Uniform Design ◽  
Heat Treatment Condition ◽  
Treatment Temperature ◽  
Heat Treatment Time ◽  
Alloy Plating

Hardness of electronless Ni-P alloy plating which have five different phosphorus content were investigated with HX-1000 type microscopic Vickers hardness tester, respectively. Phosphorus content of Ni-P platings were investigated by Quanta 200 type scanning electron microscope and Oxford Energy Disperse Spectroscopy Heat treatment temperature and time of the different platings were optimized and analysed by Uniform Design method, respectively. The results show that correlation consist between maximum hardness of the Ni-P alloy plating and heat treatment temperature, not heat treatment time under the experimental condition which the heat treatment time is between one hour and five hours, and maximal value of the plating hardness appears when the heat treatment temperature is 400-430 Celsius degree. Maximal hardness value of the electronless Ni-P alloy plating increases with increase of their phosphorus content under heat treatment condition.

Sintering and Crystallization of Glass-Ceramics for Optical Fiber Ferrule

2007 ◽  
Vol 336-338 ◽  
pp. 1840-1842
Author(s):  
Y.M. Zhu ◽  
Xia Wan Wu ◽  
Zhi Hong Li
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Heat Treatment Temperature ◽  
Glass Powder ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Glass Ceramics ◽  
Treatment Temperature ◽  
Residual Glass ◽  
Sio2 Glass ◽  
Powder Compacts ◽  
Crystallization Of Glass

The crystallization and sintering of the Li2O-Al2O3-SiO2 glass powder compacts were studied. Results showed the relative densities of the sintered compacts with lower crystallization temperatures were higher than those with higher crystallization temperatures. A small amount of residual glass in the crystallized compact was good for sintering and densification. Compared with the heat treatment time, the heat treatment temperature was an important factor for the crystallization and sintering of glass powder compacts. The crystallized compacts with a small amount of residual glass should be sintered at a relatively higher heating rate under the prerequisite of keeping sintered compacts from deformation.

scholarly journals Effect of Processing Parameters on the Thermal and Electrical Properties of Electroless Nickel-Phosphorus Plated Carbon Fiber Heating Elements

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Bo-Kyung Choi ◽  
Soo-Jin Park ◽  
Min-Kang Seo
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment Temperature ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Volume Resistivity ◽  
Treatment Temperature ◽  
Heat Treatment Time ◽  
Plating Bath ◽  
Infrared Thermal Imaging ◽  
Thermal And Electrical Properties

Carbon fibers (CFs) were plated with nickel-phosphorus (Ni-P) using an electroless plating process. The effects of the process parameters such as heat treatment temperature, heat treatment time, and the pH of the plating bath on electroless Ni-P plating were investigated. The structure, elemental composition, and thermal and electrical properties of Ni-P plated CFs (MCF) were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), a four-probe volume resistivity tester, and an infrared thermal imaging camera, respectively. The XRD indicated the presence of amorphous and crystalline phases of Ni and Ni-P. The MCF were able to perform at high temperatures because of their higher thermal conductivity. A heat treatment temperature of 300 °C, a heat treatment time of 4 h, and a pH of 8.5 were found to be optimum for obtaining MCF with desirable thermal and electrical properties.

Effect of Heat Treatment on Structure and Hardness of Electroless Ni-P Plating

2011 ◽  
Vol 189-193 ◽  
pp. 437-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guan Jun Liu ◽  
Hui Rong Zhang ◽  
Xin Hua Mao ◽  
Feng Tian
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Heat Treatment Temperature ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Uniform Design ◽  
Amorphous State ◽  
Treatment Temperature ◽  
Temperature Structure ◽  
P Content ◽  
Uniform Design Method

Hardness of electronless Ni-P plating with 10.98wt.% P content was investigated. Heat treatment temperature and time of the plating was optimized by Uniform Design method. Structure of the plating was analyzed by XRD method. The results show that correlation consist between maximum hardness of the Ni-P plating and heat treatment temperature, not heat treatment time under the experimental condition, and max. of the plating hardness appears when the heat treatment is about 430°C . With increase of heat treatment temperature, structure of the plating transitioned gradually from amorphous state to crystalline state, and Ni3P crystal grain grown up, and it affect hardness of the plating.

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