Modification Effects in Argon Plasma Treated S1O2 Spin-On Glass

AbstractWe demonstrated that the quality of siloxane spin-on glass (SOG) films, widely used as interlevel planarization dielectrics, is improved significantly by curing in argon plasma. The wet etch rate of SOG film decreases with increasing plasma treatment temperature or treatment time, and is much lower than that cured in a furnace. Long-time plasma treatment reduces the density of silanols (Si-OH) and methyl (−CH3) group, which act as adsorption sites of water. The results were compared with those obtained from the N2O (or H2 ) plasma treated SOG films. The modification of the SOG film by Ar plasma is related to the radiation damage and the reconstruction of the atomic structure during the plasma exposure. The role of metastable Ar (Ar*) appears to be very important to improve the SOG film; SOG film is more relaxed by the energy released from the conversion of Ar* to Ar.

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The Adsorption of Chloromethanes on KCl. The Role of the Surface Ions as Adsorption Sites

Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan ◽

10.1246/bcsj.56.2086 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 56 (7) ◽

pp. 2086-2089 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Masatoshi Chikazawa ◽

Masatoshi Amada ◽

Takafumi Kanazawa

Keyword(s):

Adsorption Sites ◽

As Adsorption

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Surface Properties of UHMWPE Fiber after Low Temperature Argon-Plasma Treatment

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.499.90 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 499 ◽

pp. 90-94 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jin Yun Xu ◽

Wen Yu Wang ◽

Xin Jin

Keyword(s):

Molecular Weight ◽

Low Temperature ◽

Plasma Treatment ◽

Treatment Time ◽

Argon Plasma ◽

Uhmwpe Fiber ◽

Wetting Ability ◽

Plasma Treatment Time ◽

Uhmwpe Fibers ◽

Ultra High Molecular Weight

To improve the adhesion between ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fibers and matrix, the UHMWPE fibers were treated by low temperature argon-plasma. The effects of argon-plasma treatment on the properties of UHMWPE have been investigated. The roughness and wetting ability were all found to increase significantly after modifications. The tensile strength of UHMWE fibers were decreased with the plasma treatment time. The optimum plasma treatment is 2min.The increasing of roughness and wetting ability of UHMWPE fiber are beneficial to the improvement the adhesion between UHMWPE fiber and matrix.

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Plasma Treatment Limits Human Melanoma Spheroid Growth and Metastasis Independent of the Ambient Gas Composition

Cancers ◽

10.3390/cancers12092570 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (9) ◽

pp. 2570 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Sybille Hasse ◽

Tita Meder ◽

Eric Freund ◽

Thomas von Woedtke ◽

Sander Bekeschus

Keyword(s):

Plasma Treatment ◽

Treatment Time ◽

Argon Plasma ◽

Ambient Air ◽

Human Melanoma ◽

Melanoma Metastasis ◽

Spheroid Growth ◽

Tumor Entity ◽

Melanoma Treatment ◽

Jet Plasma

Melanoma skin cancer is still a deadly disease despite recent advances in therapy. Previous studies have suggested medical plasma technology as a promising modality for melanoma treatment. However, the efficacy of plasmas operated under different ambient air conditions and the comparison of direct and indirect plasma treatments are mostly unexplored for this tumor entity. Moreover, exactly how plasma treatment affects melanoma metastasis has still not been explained. Using 3D tumor spheroid models and high-content imaging technology, we addressed these questions by utilizing one metastatic and one non-metastatic human melanoma cell line targeted with an argon plasma jet. Plasma treatment was toxic in both cell lines. Modulating the oxygen and nitrogen ambient air composition (100/0, 75/25, 50/50, 25/75, and 0/100) gave similar toxicity and reduced the spheroid growth for all conditions. This was the case for both direct and indirect treatments, with the former showing a treatment time-dependent response while the latter resulted in cytotoxicity with the longest treatment time investigated. Live-cell imaging of in-gel cultured spheroids indicated that plasma treatment did not enhance metastasis, and flow cytometry showed a significant modulation of S100A4 but not in any of the five other metastasis-related markers (β-catenin, E-cadherin, LEF1, SLUG, and ZEB1) investigated.

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Pressure ulcers: Current understanding and newer modalities of treatment

Indian Journal of Plastic Surgery ◽

10.4103/0970-0358.155260 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 48 (01) ◽

pp. 004-016 ◽

Cited By ~ 49

Author(s):

Surajit Bhattacharya ◽

R. K. Mishra

Keyword(s):

Pressure Ulcers ◽

Treatment Options ◽

Healing Process ◽

Treatment Algorithm ◽

Wound Debridement ◽

Advantages And Disadvantages ◽

Prone Area ◽

Long Time

ABSTRACTThis article reviews the mechanism, symptoms, causes, severity, diagnosis, prevention and present recommendations for surgical as well as non-surgical management of pressure ulcers. Particular focus has been placed on the current understandings and the newer modalities for the treatment of pressure ulcers. The paper also covers the role of nutrition and pressure-release devices such as cushions and mattresses as a part of the treatment algorithm for preventing and quick healing process of these wounds. Pressure ulcers develop primarily from pressure and shear; are progressive in nature and most frequently found in bedridden, chair bound or immobile people. They often develop in people who have been hospitalised for a long time generally for a different problem and increase the overall time as well as cost of hospitalisation that have detrimental effects on patient’s quality of life. Loss of sensation compounds the problem manifold, and failure of reactive hyperaemia cycle of the pressure prone area remains the most important aetiopathology. Pressure ulcers are largely preventable in nature, and their management depends on their severity. The available literature about severity of pressure ulcers, their classification and medical care protocols have been described in this paper. The present treatment options include various approaches of cleaning the wound, debridement, optimised dressings, role of antibiotics and reconstructive surgery. The newer treatment options such as negative pressure wound therapy, hyperbaric oxygen therapy, cell therapy have been discussed, and the advantages and disadvantages of current and newer methods have also been described.

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THE FRICTION BEHAVIOR OF NBR SURFACE MODIFIED BY ARGON PLASMA TREATMENT

International Journal of Modern Physics B ◽

10.1142/s0217979211066696 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 25 (31) ◽

pp. 4249-4252 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

JONG-HYOUNG KIM ◽

SEOCK-SAM KIM ◽

SI-GEUN CHOI ◽

SEUNG-HUN LEE

Keyword(s):

Contact Angle ◽

Plasma Treatment ◽

Functional Groups ◽

Bias Voltage ◽

Treatment Time ◽

Argon Plasma ◽

Butadiene Rubber ◽

Friction Behavior ◽

Water Drops ◽

Surface Modified

Different treatment time and bias voltage with RF Ar plasma were used to improve tribological properties of NBR (Nitrile Butadiene Rubber). Chemical structure analyses of NBR by Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) were performed to clarify the functionality modification after the plasma treatment. In addition, wetting experiments were carried out by measuring the contact angle of distilled water drops on the NBR surface. ATR analysis revealed that the number of - C = O , - C - O , O - H functional groups increased after the argon plasma treatment. The functional groups led to changes in the contact angle from 100 to 50 degrees. The results showed that form-like nanostructures on the NBR was observed at the bias voltage of -400 V. The friction test showed that coefficient of friction after modified NBR in lubricated condition decreased from 0.25 to 0.15 with the increasing bias voltage due to the surface structure formations and better bonding with grease lubricant.

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PLASMA TREATMENT OF CIIR RUBBER WITH IMPROVEMENT OF ADHESION AND REAL CONTACT AREA

International Journal of Modern Physics B ◽

10.1142/s0217979210065477 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 24 (15n16) ◽

pp. 2688-2693

Author(s):

JONG-HYOUNG KIM ◽

ISAMI NITTA ◽

NORITSUGU UMEHARA ◽

HIROYUKI KOUSAKA ◽

MAMORU SHIMADA ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plasma Treatment ◽

Contact Area ◽

Microwave Plasma ◽

Treatment Time ◽

Adhesion Force ◽

Argon Plasma ◽

Real Contact Area ◽

Adhesion Forces ◽

Real Contact ◽

Plasma Treatments

The adhesion force between a chloride-isobutene-isoprene rubber (CIIR) and stainless steel ball was studied. To decrease the adhesion force, the CIIR rubber was treated with high-density microwave plasma employing oxygen and argon gases. The experimental results showed that the adhesion force decreases with increasing the time of oxygen and argon plasma treatments. In addition, the contact microscope measurements revealed different surface structure with two gases. The real contact area also decreased with treatment time and dramatic changes were observed after 5 min treatment of CIIR rubber. The field emission scanning electron microscope image also showed that the subsurface of CIIR rubber pattern has changed with various plasma treatments. These results imply change in the morphology of CIIR rubber surface by plasma treatment is one reason for the decrease in adhesion forces.

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Plasma Induced Chemical Changes at Silica Surfaces During Pre-Bonding Treatments

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-681-i2.2 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 681 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Darren M. Hansen ◽

C.E. Albaugh ◽

Peter D. Moran ◽

T. F. Kuech

Keyword(s):

Plasma Treatment ◽

Treatment Time ◽

Chemical Vapor ◽

Sample Surface ◽

Attenuated Total Reflection ◽

Oh Groups ◽

Silica Surfaces ◽

Pressure Chemical ◽

Plasma Treatment Time

ABSTRACTPlasma-treated and DI H2O rinsed oxide layers are commonly used in wafer bonding applications. Borosilicate glass (BSG) layers deposited by low-pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD) treated with an O2 plasma in reactive ion etching (RIE) mode at 0.6 W/cm2 and rinsed with DI H2O readily bond to GaAs and Si. The chemical role of this pre-bonding treatment was investigated using attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR- FTIR) spectroscopy. The peak intensities for both the Si-O and B-O absorbance bands decreased in intensity as a result the plasma treatment consistent with the uniform sputter etching of BSG. The effect of changing the total plasma treatment time was investigated in terms of the total amount of material removed. Polarization-dependent ATR-FTIR revealed that the H2O/OH absorbance bands decreased in peak intensity with the OH groups preferentially oriented perpendicular to the sample surface after the plasma treatment. The subsequent DI H2O rinse restores the water to the surface while changing the surface BSG composition. ATR-FTIR studies suggest that for oxide compositions greater than 10 mole % B2O3, the top 4 nm of B2O3 was removed or leached from the oxide layer during the DI H2O rinse.

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Surface Treatment of Polystyrene Films with Inductively Coupled Plasma System

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.55-57.753 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 55-57 ◽

pp. 753-756 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

R. Nakhowong ◽

Toemsak Srikhirin ◽

Tanakorn Osotchan

Keyword(s):

Contact Angle ◽

Plasma Treatment ◽

Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽

Gas Flow ◽

Moisture Absorption ◽

Treatment Time ◽

Argon Plasma ◽

Contact Angles ◽

Inductively Coupled ◽

Before And After

The surface of polystyrene (PS) thin films in argon plasma was modified to study the hydrophilicity properties. An inductively coupled plasma (ICP) system was used to generate the argon plasma. In the experiment, the effect of RF power levels, gas flow rate and treatment time was investigated. The surface morphology of PS films was examined by the atomic force microscopy (AFM), also the contact angle goniometry was used for measuring the wettability of PS films before and after plasma treatment. After the plasma treatment, AFM images of PS revealed the increasing of the surface roughness as increasing the power levels and treatment times. Moreover, after treated with argon plasma, the contact angles of polystyrene films also decrease where the power levels and treatment times were increased. It is clear that the effects of power levels and treatment time improve the wettability of PS films. It can also be observed that by placing the sample in air after plasma treatment, the contact angle gradually increases probably due to moisture absorption in the PS films.

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Oral Immunotherapy for Children with Cow’s Milk Allergy

Pathogens ◽

10.3390/pathogens10101328 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. 1328

Author(s):

Mika Ogata ◽

Jun Kido ◽

Kimitoshi Nakamura

Keyword(s):

Oral Immunotherapy ◽

Cow’S Milk Allergy ◽

Food Allergies ◽

Cow’S Milk ◽

Milk Allergy ◽

Cow's Milk ◽

Cow's Milk Allergy ◽

Long Time

Cow’s milk allergy (CMA) is one of the most common IgE-dependent food allergies in children. Some children develop severe and persistent CMA, with near-fatal reactions after exposure to trace amounts of cow’s milk (CM). Because milk and dairy products are included in various processed food products, it is difficult to completely remove milk, which negatively affects the quality of life of children with CMA. Oral immunotherapy (OIT) can alleviate food allergen-induced anaphylaxis under continuous ingestion of a little of the causative food. Children with severe CMA may benefit from OIT, but the treatment requires a long time and poses a risk of anaphylaxis. Moreover, in recent years, new therapies, including omalizumab, sublingual immunotherapy, and epicutaneous immunotherapy, have played the role of optional OIT. In this review, we present the current methods of and other attempts at OIT, and discuss OIT for safely treating CMA.

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