Grain Refinement of Aluminum using Equal-Channel Angular Pressing

1999 ◽  
Vol 601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Horita ◽  
M. Furukawa ◽  
M. Nemoto ◽  
T.G. Langdon
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Grain Refinement ◽  
Equal Channel Angular Pressing ◽  
Processing Technique ◽  
Polycrystalline Materials ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Angular Pressing ◽  
Development And Evolution

AbstractUsing the technique of equal-channel angular (ECA) pressing, it is possible to reduce the grain size of polycrystalline materials to the submicrometer level. Thus, this processing technique has the potential for producing materials which may exhibit superplasticity. This paper describes various factors affecting the development and evolution of the microstructure produced by ECA pressing. Optimization of such factors is then presented for the advent of superplasticity.

Influence of Stacking Fault Energy on the Microstructures and Grain Refinement in the Cu-Al Alloys during Equal-Channel Angular Pressing

2010 ◽  
Vol 667-669 ◽  
pp. 379-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
X.H. An ◽  
Shi Ding Wu ◽  
Z.F. Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Grain Refinement ◽  
Equal Channel Angular Pressing ◽  
Al Alloys ◽  
Stacking Fault ◽  
High Recovery ◽  
Angular Pressing ◽  
High Recovery Rate ◽  
Refinement Mechanism ◽  
Stacking Fault Energies

The microstructural evolution and grain refinement of Cu-Al alloys with different stacking fault energies (SFEs) processed by equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP) were investigated. The grain refinement mechanism was gradually transformed from dislocation subdivision to twin fragmentation with tailoring the SFE of Cu-Al alloys. Concurrent with the transition of grain refinement mechanism, the grain size can be refined into from ultrafine region (1 m~100 nm) to the nanoscale (<100 nm) and then it is found that the minimum equilibrium grain size decreases in a roughly linear way with lowering the SFE. Moreover, in combination with the previous results, it is proposed that the formation of a uniform ultrafine microstructure can be formed more readily in the materials with high SFE due to their high recovery rate of dislocations and in the materials with low SFE due to the easy formation of a homogeneously-twinned microstructure.

Grain Refinement and Dispersion Precipitation of I-Phase in Mg-Zn-Y Alloy Processed by ECAP

2010 ◽  
Vol 667-669 ◽  
pp. 593-598
Author(s):  
Guang Hui Min ◽  
Hong Wei Cui ◽  
Qing Liang Lu ◽  
Pan Gao ◽  
Hua Shun Yu
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Grain Refinement ◽  
Equal Channel Angular Pressing ◽  
Icosahedral Quasicrystal ◽  
Shear Effect ◽  
Ecap Processing ◽  
Angular Pressing ◽  
Optical Images

Equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) has been conducted on as-extruded Mg-Zn-Y alloy containing quasicrystal phase at a temperature of 523 K. The optical images indicate that after 8 ECAP passes through route BA, the grain size of the extruded alloy is decreased sharply; and the coarse eutectic icosahedral quasicrystal phases (I- phases) are broken and dispersed in the alloy; and the distributions of Zn and Y elements become more homogeneous. These can be attributed to the shear effect during the ECAP processing. TEM micrographs show the grain refinement, the evolution of broken and dispersed I- phases and dispersion precipitation of nano I-phases during 1- ,4- and 8- pass ECAPed Mg-Zn-Y alloy. And the mechanism of grain refinement is also discussed.

scholarly journals Applying Hybrid Equal Channel Angular Pressing (HECAP) to pure copper using optimized Exp.-ECAP die

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serkan Öğüt ◽  
Hasan Kaya ◽  
Aykut Kentli ◽  
Mehmet UÇAR
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Grain Refinement ◽  
Equal Channel Angular Pressing ◽  
Pure Copper ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Geometric Parameters ◽  
Homogeneous Distribution ◽  
Angular Pressing ◽  
Ecap Process

Abstract Equal channel angular pressing (ECAP), expansion equal channel angular pressing (Exp.-ECAP) and hybrid equal channel angular pressing (HECAP) processes were applied to pure copper specimens within this study. Before the ECAP and HECAP processes, an Exp.-ECAP mold with optimum geometric parameters was produced to be used in these processes. The samples, on which ECAP, Exp.-ECAP and HECAP processes were applied, were subjected to microstructure analysis and mechanical tests, and the effects of these processes were examined. The results obtained showed that the Exp.-ECAP process gave better results in grain refinement and mechanical properties, and the Exp.-ECAP passes applied after the ECAP process within the scope of the HECAP process provided a more homogeneous distribution for grain size and hardness.

ULTRA FINE-GRAINED AZ31 MAGNESIUM ALLOY OBTAINED BY A COMBINATION OF GRAIN REFINEMENT AND EQUAL CHANNEL ANGULAR PRESSING

2012 ◽  
Vol 05 ◽  
pp. 307-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.A. TORBATI-SARRAF ◽  
R. MAHMUDI
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Magnesium Alloy ◽  
Grain Refinement ◽  
Grain Growth ◽  
Equal Channel Angular Pressing ◽  
Boundary Migration ◽  
Grain Refiner ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Angular Pressing ◽  
Grain Size Distributions

Different amounts of Al -5 Ti -1 B master alloy ( TiBAl ) were added to the AZ 31 magnesium alloy ( Mg -3 Al -1 Zn -0.2 Mn ) as grain refiner and the resulting microstructure and grain size distributions were studied after extrusion and equal channel angular pressing (ECAP). Results showed that the addition of 0.6% TiBAl had the strongest grain refinement effect, reducing the grain sizes by 54.5 and 48.5% in the extruded and ECAPed conditions, respectively. The observed grain refinement was partly due to the presence of the thermally-stable micron- and submicron-sized particles in the melt which act as nucleation sites during solidification. During the high-temperature extrusion and ECAP processes, dynamic recrystallization (DRX) and grain growth are likely to occur. However, the mentioned particles will help in reducing the grain size by the particle stimulated nucleation (PSN) mechanism. Furthermore, the pinning effect of these particles can oppose grain growth by reducing the grain boundary migration. These two phenomena together with the partitioning of the grains imposed by the severe plastic deformation in the ECAP process have all contributed to the achieved ultrafine-grained structure in the AZ 31 alloy.

Factors Affecting Grain Refinement in Equal-Channel Angular Pressing

2000 ◽  
Vol 331-337 ◽  
pp. 607-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daisuke Yamaguchi ◽  
Z. Horita ◽  
Takayoshi Fujinami ◽  
Minoru Nemoto ◽  
Terence G. Langdon
Keyword(s):  
Grain Refinement ◽  
Equal Channel Angular Pressing ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Angular Pressing

Grain Fragmentation in Equal Channel Angular Pressed Copper

2010 ◽  
Vol 654-656 ◽  
pp. 1570-1573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng Fan Gu ◽  
László S. Tóth ◽  
Benoît Beausir ◽  
Tim Williams ◽  
Chris H.J. Davies
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Grain Refinement ◽  
Equal Channel Angular Pressing ◽  
Simulation Study ◽  
Electron Backscatter Diffraction ◽  
Fragmentation Model ◽  
Angular Pressing ◽  
Electron Backscatter ◽  
Grain Fragmentation ◽  
Backscatter Diffraction

A comparative experimental and simulation study of oxygen-free high conductivity copper produced by equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) one-pass has been carried out by using electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) and a recently proposed grain refinement model. The grain size and misorientation distributions were extracted from the EBSD measurements. It was found that the microstructure in the ECAP deformed copper was much more refined on the TD plane. The grain size observed experimentally can be fairly well predicted by the grain fragmentation model.

Strategy for Achieving High Strength in Al-Mg-Sc Alloys by Intense Plastic Straining

2012 ◽  
Vol 706-709 ◽  
pp. 55-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rustam Kaibyshev ◽  
Anna Mogucheva ◽  
Andrii Dubyna
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Strain Hardening ◽  
Grain Refinement ◽  
Equal Channel Angular Pressing ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Angular Pressing ◽  
Strength Increment ◽  
Hardened Condition

It is shown that implementation of high strains through equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP) and/or rolling into alloys belonging to Al-Mg-Sc-Zr system allows achieving high strength and satisfactory ductility. It was shown that strain hardening gives a main contribution to overall strength increment attributed to intense plastic straining; the role of grain size hardening is minor. However, extensive grain refinement is a necessary condition for retaining sufficient ductility in full-hardened condition for these materials.

Developing a Model for Grain Refinement in Equal-Channel Angular Pressing

2006 ◽  
Vol 503-504 ◽  
pp. 19-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng Xu ◽  
Minoru Furukawa ◽  
Z. Horita ◽  
Terence G. Langdon
Keyword(s):  
Grain Refinement ◽  
Equal Channel Angular Pressing ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Superplastic Forming ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Polycrystalline Materials ◽  
Polycrystalline Aluminum ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Angular Pressing ◽  
Microstructural Model

It is now recognized that processing by equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP) leads to very significant grain refinement in polycrystalline materials with the as-pressed grains typically having sizes within the submicrometer range. Furthermore, the materials produced by ECAP exhibit many useful properties including a high strength at ambient temperatures and, if these ultrafine grains are retained to elevated temperatures, a potential for superplastic forming. This paper examines the fundamental characteristics of grain refinement by making use of two sets of experimental observations: experimental data obtained from the pressing of aluminum single crystals through one pass of ECAP and hardness measurements taken on polycrystalline aluminum for samples subjected to ECAP for up to a total of eight passes. These experimental results are used to develop a microstructural model that provides a satisfactory explanation for the grain refinement occurring in ECAP.

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