Features of hormonal and cytokine status in women with menstrual dysfunction in the puberty

2018 ◽  
pp. 56-61
Author(s):  
O.A. Kovalishin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Direct Action ◽  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Research Experience ◽  
Menstrual Dysfunction ◽  
Degree Of Maturity ◽  
Instrumental Methods

Deviations in the formation of reproductive function, and subsequently menstrual irregularities from the age of menarche, ovarian dysfunction and steroidogenesis disorders can be clinically manifested in remote periods after their direct action. The nature and depth of morphofunctional disorders in this case depends on the degree of maturity of the reproductive system, the initial functional state of the regulation centers (hypothalamus, pituitary gland) and ovaries, and the duration of the action of adverse factors. The accumulated specific research experience indicates that in addition to the pituitary gonadotropin hormones, cytokines (interleukins), which can simulate ovarian function and play an important role in ovulation, are of great importance in the normal functioning of the ovaries. The objective: аccording to laboratory and instrumental methods of research, to study the characteristics of hormonal status and the relationship of ovarian hormones with interleukins (IL) in women with menstrual dysfunction in the puberty. Materials and methods. According to the nature of the violations, the main group of women (n=90) who had a pathology of menstrual function in the puberty period was divided into 3 subgroups (n=30): the first – women with primary oligomenorrhea in the anamnesis, the second – with a late age menarche, the third – with puberty bleeding. The control group included women (n=30) with the correct rhythm of menstruation in puberty. Results. A clinical study found a decrease in the concentration of progesterone in women with a history of primary oligomenorrhea, a decrease in estradiol in the preovulatory period in women with late menarche. When assessing the concentration of follicle-stimulating hormone in the subgroups, an increase was noted in patients with puberty bleeding compared with the control group, due to the low level of antimuller hormone in the blood serum. The correlation between the indicators of these hormones and interleukins (IL-4, IL-8) indicates the influence of cytokines on folliculogenesis and the formation of the corpus luteum. Ovarian reserve parameters are not reduced. Conclusion. An analysis of the hormonal and cytokine status in women with menstrual dysfunction in the puberty allows us to draw an analogy between the processes of ovulation and the inflammatory response. The cytokines produced by certain immune cells are signaling molecules that affect cell proliferation and apoptosis of ovarian cells, folliculogenesis, hormone secretion and thus play an important role in ovulation. Therefore, the immune system may be an additional local regulator of ovarian function. Estradiol and progesterone are of great importance in the secretory transformation of the endometrium, especially during the «implantation window». Keywords: puberty, menarche, oligomenorrhea, pubertal bleeding, folliculogenesis, progesterone, estradiol, interleukins, pituitary gland, anti-varial antibodies.

Clinical aspects of women with menstrual dysfunction in puberty

2020 ◽  
pp. 84-88
Author(s):  
O.A. Kovalishin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Effectiveness ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
The Body ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Menstrual Dysfunction ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Clinical Description ◽  
Somatic Diseases ◽  
Instrumental Methods

The reproductive system is exposed to various adverse factors and harmful effects at all stages of the functioning of the body. Against the background of a decrease in the level of reproductive female health in recent years, there is a clear tendency towards an increase in the number of patients with pathology of the puberty period. The low level of somatic and reproductive health before pregnancy causes a high frequency of complicated births, which leads to a deterioration in the development of subsequent generations. The objective: based on clinical and anamnestic data, laboratory and instrumental methods of research, analysis of risk factors, clinical presentation, treatment effectiveness and clinical observation, to give a clinical description of women who had menstrual dysfunction in the pubertal period. Materials and methods. According to the nature of the violations, the main group of women (n=210) who had a pathology of menstrual function in the puberty period was divided into 3 subgroups (n=70): the first – women with primary oligomenorrhea and timely average population menarche, the second – with a late age menarche, the third – with puberty bleeding. The control group included women (n=70) with the correct rhythm of menstruation in puberty. Results. During a clinical prospective study, the social status of women with impaired reproductive function in the puberty was analyzed, the frequency and structure of existing concomitant somatic diseases, the duration of the menstrual cycle, the nature of diseases of the female genital organs; an assessment of the complex treatment of the revealed violations was made, which allowed to obtain a favorable reproductive prognosis. Most of the women examined (53.3%) planned a pregnancy, which occurred in 75.9% of those planning. Conclusion. A study of the clinical and anamnestic analysis of the reproductive function of women with menstrual irregularities in the puberty period will increase the effectiveness of the treatment of identified disorders and develop algorithms for the management of such women during planning and during pregnancy. Keywords: puberty, menarche, oligomenorrhea, puberty bleeding, luteal phase insufficiency, pregnancy.

scholarly journals CLINICAL ASPECTS IN WOMEN WITH MENSTRUAL DYSFUNCTION IN PUBERTY

World Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kovalyshyn O. A.
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Treatment Effectiveness ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Comprehensive Treatment ◽  
Menstrual Dysfunction ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
The Social ◽  
Somatic Diseases

The reproductive system is exposed to various adverse factors and harmful effects at all stages of functioning of an organism. Against the background of declining levels of women's reproductive health in recent years, there has been a clear tendency towards an increase in the number of patients with pathology of puberty. The low level of somatic and reproductive health before pregnancy causes a high incidence of complicated labors, which leads to a deterioration in the development of subsequent generations.The purpose of the study. To provide clinical characteristics of women who had menstrual dysfunction in puberty, which were based on the study of clinical and anamnestic data, laboratory and instrumental research methods, analysis of risk factors, clinical course, treatment effectiveness and dispensary observation.Materials and methods. According to the nature of the disfunctions, the main group of women (n = 210) who had menstrual disorders in puberty was divided into 3 subgroups (n = 70): the first - women with primary oligomenorrhea and timely average menarche, the second - with late menarche, the third - with pubertal bleeding. The control group included women (n = 70) with the correct rhythm of menstruation in puberty.Results. The clinical prospective study analyzed the social status of women with reproductive dysfunction in puberty, the frequency and structure of existing concomitant somatic diseases, the duration of the menstrual cycle, the nature of diseases of the female genital organs; the assessment of the comprehensive treatment of revealed disorders, which allowed to obtain a favorable reproductive prognosis. The majority of surveyed women (53.3%) planned a pregnancy, which occurred in 75.9% from among of planning ones.Conclusions. The conduction of clinical and anamnestic analysis of the reproductive function of women with menstrual dysfunction in puberty will increase the effectiveness of the treatment of identified disorders and will allow developing algorithms for management of such women during planning and during pregnancy.

Effects of a sustained release formulation of the gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonist histrelin on serum concentrations of gonadotrophins and oestradiol, and ovarian LH/human chorionic gonadotrophin receptor content in the rat

1991 ◽  
Vol 131 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Gunnet ◽  
K. T. Demarest ◽  
D. W. Hahn ◽  
E. Ericson ◽  
J. L. McGuire
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Direct Action ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Release Formulation ◽  
Sustained Release Formulation ◽  
Gonadotrophin Releasing Hormone ◽  
Lh Secretion ◽  
Hcg Receptor

ABSTRACT Pituitary and ovarian function were studied during the loss and recovery of oestrous cyclical activity in rats following treatment with a sustained release formulation of the gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist [imidazole benzyl-d-His6,Pro9-ethylamide]-GnRH (histrelin). A single s.c. injection of microencapsulated histrelin (10–300 μg peptide/kg) induced a dose-dependent disruption of normal oestrous cyclical activity with a persistent dioestrous-like vaginal cytology. In preliminary studies, pituitary gland stimulation and desensitization were demonstrated when serum LH and FSH levels were greater 1 week after administration of 10 μg microencapsulated histrelin/kg compared with 300 μg microencapsulated histrelin/kg. Changes in pituitary and ovarian function were assessed over time following injection of microencapsulated histrelin (100 μg peptide/kg). LH secretion was maximal within 8 h and then gradually declined, remaining at dioestrous levels from days 7 to 28. Serum oestradiol concentrations remained low and rose above dioestrous levels only on day 28. In contrast, ovarian LH/human chorionic gonadotrophin (LH/hCG) receptor content fell within 8 h and, after a nadir on day 7, slowly returned to dioestrous levels by day 28. The increase in ovarian LH/hCG receptor content preceded any significant change in pituitary gonadotrophin secretion, indicating a differential pattern of recovery for pituitary and ovarian function. Subsequent studies tested the possibility that these temporal differences in pituitary and ovarian function may result from histrelin acting directly on these tissues. Treatment with histrelin microcapsules (300 μg peptide/kg) prevented any increase in LH secretion in response to a GnRH challenge 3 days later, indicating a direct action of histrelin on the pituitary gland. A direct action on the ovary was demonstrated by the ability of histrelin microcapsules (300 μg peptide/kg) to prevent stimulation of progesterone secretion by pregnant mare's serum gonadotrophin in hypophysectomized females. These studies indicated that, in the rat, histrelin can act simultaneously and independently on both the pituitary gland and the ovary. There are temporal differences in the pituitary and ovarian responses, with ovarian function recovering earlier than pituitary function. Journal of Endocrinology (1991) 131, 211–218

scholarly journals Mechanism Of Leptin On Impaired Ovarian Reserve Function After Cold Exposure In Female Rats 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuai Wu ◽  
li zhang ◽  
Guanyu Zhang ◽  
Wanting Wei ◽  
Yongqiang Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cold Exposure ◽  
Ovarian Reserve ◽  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Estrus Cycle ◽  
Serum Leptin ◽  
Reproductive Regulation ◽  
Differential Genes

Abstract Previous studies have shown that cold exposure can cause disturbance of estrus cycle in female rats. However, whether cold exposure can cause organic pathological damage to the reproductive system of female rats was undefined. Meanwhile there are few reports on the mechanism of decompensation in rat reproductive function after cold exposure. This study aims to further discuss how cold exposure impact female ovarian reserve function in rats. Female rats were randomly divided into control group and cold exposure group. Ovarian reserve function, differential genes in hypothalamus reproductive regulation center or peripheral were evaluated. After cold exposure, ovarian reserve function was impaired, follicle development was abnormal, the number of mature follicles decreased significantly, the key hypothalamic reproductive regulation molecule GnRH decreased significantly, the response of its regulatory receptor NPY-5R was down-regulated, and the peripheral hormone serum leptin, which is closely related to it, decreased significantly. Our results indicate that cold exposure can lead to impaired ovarian function in female rats, resulting from decrease in serum leptin cause by WAT leptin depletion, which can release the inhibitory of NPY in the hypothalamus, and further lead to the down-regulation of GnRH expression, resulting in the whole HPO axis.

Prostaglandin D2 stimulates secretion of luteinizing hormone from pituitary gland in vitro

1983 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akira Miyake ◽  
Keiichi Tasaka ◽  
Shintaro Mori ◽  
Youichi Saito ◽  
Toshihiro Aono
Keyword(s):  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Prostaglandin D2 ◽  
Luteinizing Hormone Secretion ◽  
Human Pituitary ◽  
Human Pituitary Gland ◽  
Human Reproductive

Abstract. The effect of prostaglandin D2 on the release of luteinizing hormone was studied in a superfusion system by superfusing human pituitary gland. Perfusion with 30 μg of prostaglandin D2 induced a significant increase of luteinizing hormone secretion. This is the first evidence of a direct effect of prostaglandin D2 on the secretion of luteinizing hormone from the human pituitary gland. This finding suggests the possible role of prostaglandin D2 in human reproductive function

The Prevalence of Bacteriospermia in Infertile Men and Association with Semen Quality in Southwestern Iran

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 198-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Motamedifar ◽  
Yalda Malekzadegan ◽  
Parisa Namdari ◽  
Behzad Dehghani ◽  
Bahia Namavar Jahromi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Semen Quality ◽  
Sperm Quality ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
World Health ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Male Reproductive Function ◽  
Infertile Men ◽  
Southwestern Iran

Introduction: Infertility considered as a social and public health issue and estimated that most of these infertile couples are residents of developing countries. Infectious diseases including the history of Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) may impact on male reproductive function. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the prevalence of bacterial contaminants of semen and probable association with sperm quality of infertile men in Iranian population. Methods: The study population consisted of 200 infertile men and 150 fertile men attending an infertility Center in southwestern Iran during the study period in 2015. The assessment of sperm parameters was according to the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. The presumptive pathogens were identified using standard microbiology tests and confirmed by specific PCR primers. Results: The prevalence of bacteriospermia in the semen of the infertile group was significantly higher than that in the fertile group (48% vs. 26.7%, P <0.001). The microbiological analysis of samples showed that the most abundant species of bacteria in semen of infertile men were Chlamydia trachomatis (12.5%) followed by Neisseria gonorrhoeae (11%). On the other hand, in the control group, Lactobacillus spp. (17.3%) was the most isolated pathogen. Results showed that the presence of N. gonorrhoeae, C. trachomatis, Mycoplasma genitalium, Haemophilus, and Klebsiella was significantly associated with sperm abnormality. Conclusion: Based on our findings, it seems that bacteriospermia is associated with alterations in the properties of semen which may lead to a decrease in the fertilization potential of sperm. Therefore, immediate and appropriate treatment is necessary before investigating every other possible cause of infertility.

scholarly journals Decline of ovarian function in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: serum anti-Müllerian hormone levels in a longitudinal cohort

RMD Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. e001307
Author(s):  
Jenny Brouwer ◽  
Radboud J E M Dolhain ◽  
Johanna M W Hazes ◽  
Nicole S Erler ◽  
Jenny A Visser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Original Cohort ◽  
Primordial Follicles ◽  
Age At Menopause ◽  
Over Time

ObjectiveRheumatoid arthritis (RA) often affects women in their fertile age, and is known to compromise female fertility. Serum anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels are a proxy for the total number of primordial follicles, and a reliable predictor of the age at menopause. Our objective was to study the longitudinal intra-individual decline of serum AMH levels in female RA patients.MethodsFemale RA patients from a nationwide prospective cohort (2002–2008) were re-assessed in 2015–2016. Serum AMH levels were measured using the picoAMH assay and compared with healthy controls. A linear mixed model (LMM) was built to assess the effect of RA-related clinical factors on the decline of AMH levels.ResultsA group of 128 women were re-assessed at an age of 42.6±4.4 years, with a median disease duration of 15.8 (IQR 12.7–21.5) years. The time between first and last AMH assessments was 10.7±1.8 (range 6.4–13.7) years. Participants represented a more fertile selection of the original cohort. At follow-up, 39% of patients had AMH levels below the 10th percentile of controls (95% CI 31% to 48%), compared with 16% (95% CI 9.3% to 22%) at baseline. The LMM showed a significant decline of AMH with increasing age, but no significant effect of RA-related factors on AMH.ConclusionAMH levels in RA patients showed a more pronounced decline over time than expected, supporting the idea that in chronic inflammatory conditions, reproductive function is compromised, resulting in a faster decline of ovarian function over time and probably an earlier age at menopause.

scholarly journals Subfertility in androgen-insensitive female mice is rescued by transgenic FSH

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 1426 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. Walters ◽  
M. C. Edwards ◽  
M. Jimenez ◽  
D. J. Handelsman ◽  
C. M. Allan
Keyword(s):  
Androgen Receptor ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Antral Follicle ◽  
Female Fertility ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Female Reproduction ◽  
Androgen Insensitivity ◽  
Female Mice

Androgens synergise with FSH in female reproduction but the nature of their interaction in ovarian function and fertility is not clear. In the present study, we investigated this interaction, notably whether higher endogenous FSH can overcome defective androgen actions in androgen receptor (AR)-knockout (ARKO) mice. We generated and investigated the reproductive function of mutant mice exhibiting AR resistance with or without expression of human transgenic FSH (Tg-FSH). On the background of inactivated AR signalling, which alone resulted in irregular oestrous cycles and reduced pups per litter, ovulation rates and antral follicle health, Tg-FSH expression restored follicle health, ovulation rates and litter size to wild-type levels. However, Tg-FSH was only able to partially rectify the abnormal oestrous cycles observed in ARKO females. Hence, elevated endogenous FSH rescued the intraovarian defects, and partially rescued the extraovarian defects due to androgen insensitivity. In addition, the observed increase in litter size in Tg-FSH females was not observed in the presence of AR signalling inactivation. In summary, the findings of the present study reveal that FSH can rescue impaired female fertility and ovarian function due to androgen insensitivity in female ARKO mice by maintaining follicle health and ovulation rates, and thereby optimal female fertility.

Reproductive hormone secretion and spermatogenic function in thyroidectomized rams receiving graded doses of exogenous thyroxine

1986 ◽  
Vol 111 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Chandrasekhar ◽  
M. J. D'Occhio ◽  
B. P. Setchell
Keyword(s):  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Pulse Frequency ◽  
Endocrine Function ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Testosterone Levels ◽  
Reproductive Endocrine ◽  
Lh Release ◽  
Lh Releasing Hormone ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACT This study aimed to obtain a better understanding of the relationship between circulating thyroxine (T4) concentrations and reproductive endocrine function in the ram. Mature Merino rams were thyroidectomized and supplemented with 0, 30, 100 and 300% of normal T4 for 10 weeks. Thyroidectomy had no apparent effect on spermatogenic function but interfered with sperm maturation, the latter being returned to normal by 30% T4 replacement. Circulating testosterone levels were reduced by thyroidectomy and restored to control levels by 30% T4; when T4 levels were supranormal (300%), circulating testosterone levels were again reduced. The lowered circulating testosterone levels in thyroidectomized rams occurred as a result of suppressed testosterone secretion from the testis, observed under basal conditions and also following LH-releasing hormone (LHRH) and human chorionic gonadotrophin injection. In thyroidectomized rams, sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) levels were depressed without changes in testosterone clearance rate (TCR), while in rams with supranormal T4 levels, TCR was increased without changes in SHBG levels. Subnormal levels of T4 also restored to normal the reduced LH pulse frequency in thyroidectomized rams. Reduced LH pulse frequency, together with diminished LH release following LHRH injection in thyroidectomized rams, suggested effects of T4 at the hypothalamo-pituitary axis. The present study demonstrates that complete lack of thyroid hormones suppresses normal reproductive endocrine function in the ram, but that this can be restored to normal by 30% T4 replacement. The results support the theory that T4 plays a permissive rather than a regulatory role in reproductive function in males. J. Endocr. (1986) 111, 245–253

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