scholarly journals Mechanism Of Leptin On Impaired Ovarian Reserve Function After Cold Exposure In Female Rats 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuai Wu ◽  
li zhang ◽  
Guanyu Zhang ◽  
Wanting Wei ◽  
Yongqiang Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cold Exposure ◽  
Ovarian Reserve ◽  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Estrus Cycle ◽  
Serum Leptin ◽  
Reproductive Regulation ◽  
Differential Genes

Abstract Previous studies have shown that cold exposure can cause disturbance of estrus cycle in female rats. However, whether cold exposure can cause organic pathological damage to the reproductive system of female rats was undefined. Meanwhile there are few reports on the mechanism of decompensation in rat reproductive function after cold exposure. This study aims to further discuss how cold exposure impact female ovarian reserve function in rats. Female rats were randomly divided into control group and cold exposure group. Ovarian reserve function, differential genes in hypothalamus reproductive regulation center or peripheral were evaluated. After cold exposure, ovarian reserve function was impaired, follicle development was abnormal, the number of mature follicles decreased significantly, the key hypothalamic reproductive regulation molecule GnRH decreased significantly, the response of its regulatory receptor NPY-5R was down-regulated, and the peripheral hormone serum leptin, which is closely related to it, decreased significantly. Our results indicate that cold exposure can lead to impaired ovarian function in female rats, resulting from decrease in serum leptin cause by WAT leptin depletion, which can release the inhibitory of NPY in the hypothalamus, and further lead to the down-regulation of GnRH expression, resulting in the whole HPO axis.

scholarly journals Impact of Cold Exposure on the Reproductive Function in Female Rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tong Xu ◽  
Xi Li ◽  
Lin Yang ◽  
Yongqiang Zhang ◽  
Li Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cold Exposure ◽  
Reproductive System ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Reproductive Hormones ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Estrus Cycle ◽  
Female Reproductive System ◽  
Female Reproduction ◽  
Holistic View

Female reproductive system diseases caused by exposure to a cold environment are widely considered as important human health challenges. Although the projection of female reproduction in cold temperature has been studied, a holistic view on the probable effects of cold exposure on the functions of the female reproductive system has not been achieved. Our aim was to evaluate the effects of cold exposure to the functions of the ovary and uterus in female rats. For this purpose, female rats were randomly grouped as follows: (1) the cold group was exposed to -10°C, 4 h per day for 2 weeks, and (2) the normal temperature (23 ± 1°C) group was used as control. Alterations were observed in different parameters, including body weight gain, organ coefficients, estrus cycle, and pathology of the cold-exposed female rats. Similarly, the serum reproductive hormones and mRNA expression were evaluated. Cold exposure induced estrus cycle irregularity and some alterations in the morphology of the ovary. Cold exposure impairs the function of the ovary probably by changing the level of serum LH and increasing LHR expression. Cold exposure induced a significant reduction of uterine epithelium height. Cold exposure causes alterations in the morphology of the uterus probably because of the effect of progesterone, the increase in the PR level, and the decrease in the ER level.

scholarly journals Long-term intermittent cold exposure affects peri-ovarian adipose tissue and ovarian microenvironment in rats

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Zhang ◽  
Gaihong An ◽  
Shuai WU ◽  
Jing Wang ◽  
Danfeng Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Cold Exposure ◽  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Exposed Group ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Synthesis Rate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Female Reproductive Health ◽  
Induced Changes

Abstract Background: This study aimed to investigate the effects of cold exposure on peri-ovarian adipose tissue (POAT) and the relationship between POAT changes and ovarian function, to gain a deeper understanding of the mechanisms associated with cold exposure-induced changes in female reproductive health. Methods: Twenty female rats with regular estrus cycles were randomly divided into two groups: (1) the cold exposure group, which was exposed to –10°C, for 4 hours/day, for two weeks, and (2) the control group, which was maintained at 23 ± 1°C. Results: Cold exposure can increase serum E2 and FSH levels, and reduce AMH hormone levels, and cause the numbers of primary and secondary follicles in the cold-exposed group were significantly higher than those in the control group. Meanwhile, cold-stress-induced browning-related genes, including UCP1, PGC -1a, PRDM16, Fndc5 were upregulated in POAT, and the number of mitochondria in the cold-exposed group was significantly increased. Under cold exposure, the level of adipokines, including APDN, Lep, AMPK were significantly upregulated in POAT. FST was also upregulated in POAT, whereas MST, an AMPK inhibitor, was downregulated. The E2 synthesis rate-limiting-enzymes Cyplla1 and Cyp19 were upregulated in POAT. Conclusion: Cold exposure caused abnormal follicle development and promoted the browning of POAT. POAT browning was accompanied by the activation of the AMPK-PGC1α-Fndc5 pathway.

Tolerance of estrogen-treated rats to acute cold exposure

1979 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Fregly ◽  
D. L. Kelleher ◽  
D. J. Black
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Cold Exposure ◽  
Previous Experiment ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Maximal Rate ◽  
Acute Cold Exposure ◽  
Exposure To Cold ◽  
Rate Of Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Rate Of Cooling

Female rats treated chronically with ethynylestradiol (36 micrograms/kg per day) alone, and in combination with the progestational agent, norethynodrel (253 micrograms/kg per day), cooled significantly faster than controls when lightly restrained and exposed to air at 5 degrees C. Rate of cooling of rats given only norethynodrel was similar to that of the control group. In other studies, rate of oxygen consumption was determined for all groups during acute exposure to cold (14 degrees C). All estrogen-treated groups achieved the same maximal rate of oxygen consumption as control and norethynodrel-treated groups during cold exposure, but cooled significantly faster. Two groups of female rats were treated chronically with ethynylestradiol at two separate doses (36 and 61 micrograms/kg per day). An untreated group served as controls. Rate of oxygen consumption of all animals were measured during restraint and exposure to cold (18 degrees C). The estrogen-treated groups again achieved the same maximal rate of oxygen consumption as the control group, but also cooled significantly faster despite the fact that the cold stress was less severe than in the previous experiment. That estrogen-treated rats cooled faster than controls in both studies despite achieving a maximal rate of heat production which did not differ from controls suggests that reduced cold tolerance of estrogen-treated rats may be related to increased heat loss.

Inhibin B in adolescents and young adults with Turner syndrome

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (11-12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Francesca Messina ◽  
Tommaso Aversa ◽  
Giuseppina Salzano ◽  
Daria Costanzo ◽  
Concetta Sferlazzas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Turner Syndrome ◽  
Ovarian Reserve ◽  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Ovarian Tissue ◽  
Pubertal Development ◽  
Inhibin B ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Primary Amenorrhea ◽  
Menstrual Cycles ◽  
Reliable Marker

AbstractPrimary gonadal failure may occur in most individuals with Turner syndrome (TS). Since ovaries in TS girls undergo premature apoptosis and cryopreservation of ovarian tissue is now feasible, it would be useful to identify a reliable marker of ovarian reserve in these patients. We planned to evaluate ovarian function in a group of TS patients by measuring both traditional markers and inhibin B and to compare these results with those of a control group.We enrolled 23 patients with TS and 17 age-matched healthy girls. The median age of our TS patients was 17.6 years. Three out of the 23 patients (13%) showed spontaneous pubertal development and regular menstrual cycles; the remaining 20 (86.9%) presented with primary amenorrhea.The median level of inhibin B in the TS patients with primary amenorrhea was 42 pg/mL and did not differ significantly among the different subgroups in relation to karyotype. The median inhibin B level in the control group was significantly higher than in the TS girls with primary amenorrhea (83 vs. 42 pg/mL, p<0.00001). In the three patients with TS and spontaneous menstrual cycles, the inhibin B levels were significantly higher when compared to the values of the TS girls with primary amenorrhea.TS patients with primary amenorrhea have significantly lower levels of inhibin B than TS girls with spontaneous puberty and healthy controls. Inhibin B does not correlate with follicle-stimulating hormone/luteinizing hormone. If our results are confirmed in further studies, inhibin B could become a first-line screening test for assessing ovarian reserve and a longitudinal marker of the possible decline of ovarian function in TS.

scholarly journals CORRELATION OF GENDER AND LEPTIN WITH ANALGESIC EFFECT OF TRAMADOL IN RATS

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 493
Author(s):  
Shakta Mani Satyam ◽  
Laxminarayana Kurady Bairy ◽  
Vasudha Devi
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pearson Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Serum Leptin ◽  
Plantar Test

 Objective: The objective of the study was to investigate the correlation of gender and serum leptin level with analgesic modulation of tramadol in Wistar rats.Methods: A total of 48 Wistar rats (body weight 100–150 g), 24 each male and female Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups (n=6/group) (Group I - Control- 0.9% NaCl; 1 ml/kg/day i.p. and Group II - Tramadol 10 mg/kg/day i.p.) for each nociception model - plantar test and acetic acid induced writhing test. The treatment duration was of 5 days. Paw withdrawal latency (PWL) was assessed using plantar test and writhing movements were observed following administration of 0.8% acetic acid; 10 ml/kg i.p.Results: PWL was significantly decreased (p<0.001) and both number of writhing movements and serum leptin concentrations were significantly increased (p<0.001) in female control group compared to male control group. In tramadol treated female rats, PWL was significantly decreased (p=0.005) and both number of writhing movements and serum leptin concentrations were significantly increased (p<0.001) in comparison with the tramadol treated male rats. PWL was negatively correlated with serum leptin concentration (Pearson correlation coefficient= −0.826, two-tailed significance= 0.000), and writhing movements were positively correlated with serum leptin concentration (Pearson correlation coefficient= 0.505, two-tailed significance= 0.012).Conclusions: The present study revealed that female rats have more serum leptin concentration than male rats which could be one of the possible reasons for having more pain sensitivity to noxious stimuli in female rats compared to male rats. Tramadol treatment at the dose of 10 mg/kg for 5 days has decreased serum leptin level in rats which might be one of the additional mechanisms of tramadol to reduce pain.

Features of hormonal and cytokine status in women with menstrual dysfunction in the puberty

2018 ◽  
pp. 56-61
Author(s):  
O.A. Kovalishin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Direct Action ◽  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Research Experience ◽  
Menstrual Dysfunction ◽  
Degree Of Maturity ◽  
Instrumental Methods

Deviations in the formation of reproductive function, and subsequently menstrual irregularities from the age of menarche, ovarian dysfunction and steroidogenesis disorders can be clinically manifested in remote periods after their direct action. The nature and depth of morphofunctional disorders in this case depends on the degree of maturity of the reproductive system, the initial functional state of the regulation centers (hypothalamus, pituitary gland) and ovaries, and the duration of the action of adverse factors. The accumulated specific research experience indicates that in addition to the pituitary gonadotropin hormones, cytokines (interleukins), which can simulate ovarian function and play an important role in ovulation, are of great importance in the normal functioning of the ovaries. The objective: аccording to laboratory and instrumental methods of research, to study the characteristics of hormonal status and the relationship of ovarian hormones with interleukins (IL) in women with menstrual dysfunction in the puberty. Materials and methods. According to the nature of the violations, the main group of women (n=90) who had a pathology of menstrual function in the puberty period was divided into 3 subgroups (n=30): the first – women with primary oligomenorrhea in the anamnesis, the second – with a late age menarche, the third – with puberty bleeding. The control group included women (n=30) with the correct rhythm of menstruation in puberty. Results. A clinical study found a decrease in the concentration of progesterone in women with a history of primary oligomenorrhea, a decrease in estradiol in the preovulatory period in women with late menarche. When assessing the concentration of follicle-stimulating hormone in the subgroups, an increase was noted in patients with puberty bleeding compared with the control group, due to the low level of antimuller hormone in the blood serum. The correlation between the indicators of these hormones and interleukins (IL-4, IL-8) indicates the influence of cytokines on folliculogenesis and the formation of the corpus luteum. Ovarian reserve parameters are not reduced. Conclusion. An analysis of the hormonal and cytokine status in women with menstrual dysfunction in the puberty allows us to draw an analogy between the processes of ovulation and the inflammatory response. The cytokines produced by certain immune cells are signaling molecules that affect cell proliferation and apoptosis of ovarian cells, folliculogenesis, hormone secretion and thus play an important role in ovulation. Therefore, the immune system may be an additional local regulator of ovarian function. Estradiol and progesterone are of great importance in the secretory transformation of the endometrium, especially during the «implantation window». Keywords: puberty, menarche, oligomenorrhea, pubertal bleeding, folliculogenesis, progesterone, estradiol, interleukins, pituitary gland, anti-varial antibodies.

scholarly journals Effect of androgen treatment during foetal and/or neonatal life on ovarian function in prepubertal and adult rats

Reproduction ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 143 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria Tyndall ◽  
Marie Broyde ◽  
Richard Sharpe ◽  
Michelle Welsh ◽  
Amanda J Drake ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Time Windows ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Antral Follicle ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Postnatal Life ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Stromal Compartment ◽  
Neonatal Life

We investigated the effects of different windows of testosterone propionate (TP) treatment during foetal and neonatal life in female rats to determine whether and when excess androgen exposure would cause disruption of adult reproductive function. Animals were killed prepubertally at d25 and as adults at d90. Plasma samples were taken for hormone analysis and ovaries serial sectioned for morphometric analyses. In prepubertal animals, only foetal+postnatal and late postnatal TP resulted in increased body weights, and an increase in transitory, but reduced antral follicle numbers without affecting total follicle populations. Treatment with TP during both foetal+postnatal life resulted in the development of streak ovaries with activated follicles containing oocytes that only progressed to a small antral (smA) stage and inactive uteri. TP exposure during foetal or late postnatal life had no effect upon adult reproductive function or the total follicle population, although there was a reduction in the primordial follicle pool. In contrast, TP treatment during full postnatal life (d1–25) resulted in anovulation in adults (d90). These animals were heavier, had a greater ovarian stromal compartment, no differences in follicle thecal cell area, but reduced numbers of anti-Mullerian hormone-positive smA follicles when compared with controls. Significantly reduced uterine weights lead reduced follicle oestradiol production. These results support the concept that androgen programming of adult female reproductive function occurs only during specific time windows in foetal and neonatal life with implications for the development of polycystic ovary syndrome in women.

No Evidence for the Benefit of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Agonist in Preserving Ovarian Function and Fertility in Lymphoma Survivors Treated With Chemotherapy: Final Long-Term Report of a Prospective Randomized Trial

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (22) ◽  
pp. 2568-2574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabelle Demeestere ◽  
Pauline Brice ◽  
Fedro A. Peccatori ◽  
Alain Kentos ◽  
Jehan Dupuis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Reserve ◽  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Releasing Hormone ◽  
Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone Agonist ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

Purpose We have reported previously that after 1-year follow up, gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) did not prevent chemotherapy-induced premature ovarian failure (POF) in patients with lymphoma, but may provide protection of the ovarian reserve. Here, we report the final analysis of the cohort after 5 years of follow up. Patients and Methods A total of 129 patients with lymphoma were randomly assigned to receive either triptorelin plus norethisterone (GnRHa group) or norethisterone alone (control group) during chemotherapy. Ovarian function and fertility were reported after 2, 3, 4, and 5 to 7 years of follow up. The primary end point was POF, defined as at least one follicle-stimulating hormone value of > 40 IU/L after 2 years of follow up. Results Sixty-seven patients 26.21 ± 0.64 years of age had available data after a median follow-up time of 5.33 years in the GnRHa group and 5.58 years in the control group (P = .452). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed a significantly increased risk of POF in patients according to age (P = .047), the conditioning regimen for hematopoietic stem cell transplant (P = .002), and the cumulative dose of cyclophosphamide > 5 g/m2 (P = .019), but not to the coadministration of GnRHa during chemotherapy (odds ratio, 0.702; P = .651). The ovarian reserve, evaluated using anti-Müllerian hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone levels, was similar in both groups. Fifty-three percent and 43% achieved pregnancy in the GnRHa and control groups, respectively (P = .467). Conclusion To the best of our knowledge, this is the first long-term analysis confirming that GnRHa is not efficient in preventing chemotherapy-induced POF in young patients with lymphoma and did not influence future pregnancy rate. These results reopen the debate about the drug’s benefit in that it should not be recommended as standard for fertility preservation in patients with lymphoma.

scholarly journals AB0477 OVARIAN RESERVE IN PATIENTS WITH RHEUMATIC DISEASES

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 1536.2-1537
Author(s):  
Z. Alekberova ◽  
R. Goloeva ◽  
M. Cherkasova ◽  
A. Lila
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatic Diseases ◽  
Ovarian Reserve ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Disease Duration ◽  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Treatment Naïve

Background:Access to assays of circulating anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) levels has opened a new page in the assessment of ovarian function and fertility in various diseases, including rheumatic diseases (RDs). The definition of AMH as a marker of ovarian reserve significantly simplified its interpretation as well as measuring the contribution of the disease itself to the patients’ infertility.Objectives:To evaluate the effects of the disease and it’s treatment on serum AMH levels for Behcet’s disease (BD), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and systemic scleroderma (SSD).Methods:The study included 73 patients with RDs from 18 to 40 years: 42 patients with BD, 12 with SLE, 11 with RA, 8- with SSD, the control group consisted of 15 healthy women. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure AMH levels. Parametric and nonparametric statistical methods of Statistica 8.0 package were used for statistical processing of data.Results:Mean age in BD patients was 30.0 years, in SLE and RA -33.5 years, in SSD - 35.0 years, and 32.0 years in the control group. The average disease duration was 4.5 years, 11.5 years, 4.0 years and 6.0 years, respectively.BD, n=42SLE, n=12RA, n=11SSD, n=8Control, n=15Mean age, years30,0[26;35]33.5[29;38]33,5[24;36]35,0[28;40]32,0[26;35]Average disease duration, years4,5[2,6;9,0]11,5[2,8;18]4,0[4,0;6,0]6,0[2,0-10,0]-Mean AMH level, ng/ml2,5[1,1;3,7]3,5[0,4-7,1]3,35[2,0;7,6]2,5 [0,3;7,1]3,1[1,9;5,4]There were no significant differences in the mean AMH levels between the groups. No association between AMG levels and clinical manifestations, disease activity or duration of rheumatic disease was found. Baseline AMH – in treatment-naïve patients before initiation of any DMARDs was assessed in 11 BD patients. A significant (p>0.05) decrease of AMH levels was established in patients with high SLE activity treated with CP. Of notice, all examined patients were additionally receiving a GEBD -Rituximab.Conclusion:Decreased ovarian function was found in patients with high SLE activity treated with CP with Rituximab.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

scholarly journals Histological and hormonal studies of calabash chalk on ovarian function in adult female wistar rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (03) ◽  
pp. 173-177
Author(s):  
A. Oyewopo ◽  
K. Obasi ◽  
K. Anumudu ◽  
E. Yawson
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Adult Female ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Female Wistar Rats ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Abstract Introduction: Calabash chalk is a naturally occurring mineral, chiefly composed of fossilized sea shells. It is prepared from clay and mud mixed with other ingredients, including lead, arsenic, sand and wood ash. Clay consumption is correlated with pregnancy, and also to eliminate morning sickness in women. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of calabash chalk on the ovarian function in adult female Wistar rats. Methods: Eighteen (18) adult female Wistar rats. Group A served as the control group, group B received 40 mg/kg body weight of Non-salted calabash chalk while group C received 40 mg/kg body weight of Salted calabash chalk for 14 days. On day 15, the animals were sacrificed for histological and biochemical examination. Results: Results showed a significant (P< 0.05) reduction in follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) levels of the treatment groups when compared with the control group and an increase in luteinizing hormone (LH) levels of the treatment groups when compared with the control group. Histological examination of the ovaries showed severe deterioration of the ovarian follicles, necrosis and follicular atresia. Conclusion: Calabash chalk is toxic to ovarian function. These alterations have been shown to be the leading cause ofinfertility in female rats. Hence, proper monitoring, education, and regulation of the product is needed.

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