scholarly journals Bacterial Contamination at Whiteleg Shrimp (Litopeanaeus vannamei) in Aquaculture

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 136-145
Author(s):  
Mashuri Masri ◽  
Eka Sukmawaty ◽  
Fatmawati Nur ◽  
Suriani Suriani
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Bacterial Contamination ◽  
Pond Water ◽  
Vibrio Cholera ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Safety Requirements ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
South Sulawesi ◽  
Fishery Products ◽  
Whiteleg Shrimp

Indonesia has a very high biodiversity, which has later become one of the natural products of interest to the international community, including fishery products. One of the high-demand Indonesian fishery products is whiteleg shrimp Litopeaneus vannamei. However, safety food Exported whiteleg shrimp products must meet the criteria, including free from bacterial contamination such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Vibrio cholera. This study attemptted to analyze E. coli, Salmonella, V. cholerae contamination in 3 ponds in Bojo, Cilellang, and Palanro Village in District Malusetasi, Barru Regency, South Sulawesi. Two samplings for each pond were conducted in the morning were pond water and  fresh whiteleg shrimp. SNI 2728-2018 specifies the quality and safety requirements for fresh shrimp. This standard applies to whole or headless fresh shrimp handled from fresh shrimp and does not apply to fresh shrimp that has undergone further processing. Based on SNI 2728-2018, the E. coli test showed positive in Cilellang Village (sample A) with 11 MPN/g, negative in Palanro Village (sample B) and in Bojo village (sample C) with the value of <2 MPN/g. Escherichia coli test showed positive in sample D (Vannamei shrimp in Cilellang Village) and sample E (Vannamei shrimp in Palanro Village) with 2.0 MPN/g, 17 MPN/g, respectively. Only sample F (Vannamei shrimp in Bojo village ) showed a negative result. As for the Salmonella test, positive results showed in sample A, while sample B and sample C showed negative results. The Vibrio cholerae test showed negative at all samples. . This study concludes that Whiteleg shrimp from ponds in Mallusetasi District is classified as safe for consumption.

scholarly journals Occurrence of Escherichia coli in meat preparations

Meso ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 401-404
Author(s):  
Ana Robina ◽  
Lidija Kozačinski
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Bacterial Contamination ◽  
Faecal Contamination ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Production And Distribution ◽  
Microbiological Criteria ◽  
Minced Meat

Meat preparations are produced from one or more types of minced meat with added seasonings or additives, and are usually placed on the market under labels: ćevapčići, meat patty or hamburger/burger. The bacterial contamination of such products with Escherichia coli during production and distribution is invariably possible. In this paper, we have tested 50 samples of meat preparations for bacteria E. coli, whose presence points to the faecal contamination of food. Only 8 % of meat preparation samples had an E. coli count of less than 500 cfu/g, suggesting that all samples tested in this study yielded satisfactory results regarding the prescribed microbiological criteria for food.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Emerging Human-Pathogenic Escherichia coli O26:H11 Strains Isolated in France between 2010 and 2013 and Carrying thestx2dGene Only

2014 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 486-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabine Delannoy ◽  
Patricia Mariani-Kurkdjian ◽  
Stephane Bonacorsi ◽  
Sandrine Liguori ◽  
Patrick Fach
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Virulence Gene ◽  
Gene Profiling ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Pathogenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Short Palindromic Repeat ◽  
Uremic Syndrome ◽  
First Time

Strains ofEscherichia coliO26:H11 that were positive forstx2alone (n= 23), which were not epidemiologically related or part of an outbreak, were isolated from pediatric patients in France between 2010 and 2013. We were interested in comparing these strains with the new highly virulentstx2a-positiveE. coliO26 clone sequence type 29 (ST29) that has emerged recently in Europe, and we tested them by multilocus sequence typing (MLST),stx2subtyping, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) sequencing, and plasmid (ehxA,katP,espP, andetpD) and chromosomal (Z2098,espK, andespV) virulence gene profiling. We showed that 16 of the 23 strains appeared to correspond to this new clone, but the characteristics of 12 strains differed significantly from the previously described characteristics, with negative results for both plasmid and chromosomal genetic markers. These 12 strains exhibited a ST29 genotype and related CRISPR arrays (CRISPR2a alleles 67 or 71), suggesting that they evolved in a common environment. This finding was corroborated by the presence ofstx2din 7 of the 12 ST29 strains. This is the first time thatE. coliO26:H11 carryingstx2dhas been isolated from humans. This is additional evidence of the continuing evolution of virulent Shiga toxin-producingE. coli(STEC) O26 strains. A new O26:H11 CRISPR PCR assay, SP_O26_E, has been developed for detection of these 12 particular ST29 strains ofE. coliO26:H11. This test is useful to better characterize thestx2-positive O26:H11 clinical isolates, which are associated with severe clinical outcomes such as bloody diarrhea and hemolytic uremic syndrome.

Survival of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Campylobacter jejuni in Bottled Purified Drinking Water under Different Storage Conditions

2011 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 254-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
HAMZAH M. AL-QADIRI ◽  
XIAONAN LU ◽  
NIVIN I. AL-ALAMI ◽  
BARBARA A. RASCO
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Log Reduction ◽  
Negative Results

Survival of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Campylobacter jejuni that were separately inoculated into bottled purified drinking water was investigated during storage at 22, 4, and −18°C for 5, 7, and 2 days, respectively. Two inoculation levels were used, 1 and 10 CFU/ml (102 and 103 CFU/100 ml). In samples inoculated with 102 CFU/100 ml, C. jejuni was not detectable (&gt;2-log reduction) after storage under the conditions specified above. E. coli O157:H7 was detected on nonselective and selective media at log reductions of 1.08 to 1.25 after storage at 22°C, 1.19 to 1.56 after storage at 4°C, and 1.54 to 1.98 after storage at −18°C. When the higher inoculation level of 103 CFU/100 ml was used, C. jejuni was able to survive at 22 and 4°C, with 2.25- and 2.17-log reductions, respectively, observed on nonselective media. At these higher inoculation levels, E. coli O157:H7 was detectable at 22, 4, and −18°C, with log reductions of 0.76, 0.97, and 1.21, respectively, achieved on nonselective media. Additionally, E. coli O157:H7 showed significant differences in culturability (P &lt; 0.05) on the nonselective and selective culture media under the different storage conditions, with storage at −18°C for 2 days being the treatment most inhibiting. The percentage of sublethal injury of E. coli O157:H7 ranged from ~33 to 75%, indicating that microbial examination of bottled water must be done carefully, otherwise false-negative results or underestimation of bacterial numbers could pose a health risk when low levels of pathogens are present.

COMPARISON OF ESCHERICHIA COLI AND STREPTOCOCCUS FAECALIS AS A TEST ORGANISM TO DETERMINE THE SANITARY QUALITY OF FOOD1 PART I

1954 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 204-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. H. Allen ◽  
F. W. Fabian
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Bacterial Contamination ◽  
Test Organism ◽  
Enteric Bacteria ◽  
Streptococcus Faecalis ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Suitable Organism

Since the discovery of the role that bacteria play in disease, a search has been made for a suitable organism that would be indicative of dangerous bacterial contamination in food. Early work with pathogenic bacteria indicated that they would not be suitoble to serve this purpose since they were hard to isolate, were too fastidious, and died off quickly under conditions favorable for keeping food. For these and other reasons the search turned to other bacteria associated with pathogenic bacteria but which were hardier and easier to work with and identify. Fullfilling these requirements were two organisms, E. coli and Strept. faecalis, normal inhabitants of the intestinal tract and associated with many pathogenic bacteria especiallv the enteric bacteria which ore responsible for many food outbreaks. Today the presence of moderate numbers of these organisms is not considered a sure sign of dangerous contamination but rather of possible contamination. Their presence indicates that a search for the cause of the contamination should be made.

Transfer of Escherichia coli O157:H7 from Simulated Wildlife Scat onto Romaine Lettuce during Foliar Irrigation

2015 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 240-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
EDWARD R. ATWILL ◽  
JENNIFER A. CHASE ◽  
DAVID ORYANG ◽  
RONALD F. BOND ◽  
STEVEN T. KOIKE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Bacterial Contamination ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
Romaine Lettuce ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Weighted Arithmetic ◽  
Salinas Valley ◽  
Mean Concentration ◽  
Rabbit Feces

A field trial in Salinas Valley, California, was conducted during July 2011 to quantify the microbial load that transfers from wildlife feces onto nearby lettuce during foliar irrigation. Romaine lettuce was grown using standard commercial practices and irrigated using an impact sprinkler design. Five grams of rabbit feces was spiked with 1.29 × 108 CFU of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and placed −3, −2, and −1 days and immediately before a 2-h irrigation event. Immediately after irrigation, 168 heads of lettuce ranging from ca. 23 to 69 cm (from 9 to 27 in.) from the fecal deposits were collected, and the concentration of E. coli O157:H7 was determined. Thirty-eight percent of the collected lettuce heads had detectable E. coli O157:H7, ranging from 1 MPN to 2.30 × 105 MPN per head and a mean concentration of 7.37 × 103 MPN per head. Based on this weighted arithmetic mean concentration of 7.37 × 103 MPN of bacteria per positive head, only 0.00573% of the original 5 g of scat with its mean load of 1.29 × 108 CFU was transferred to the positive heads of lettuce. Bacterial contamination was limited to the outer leaves of lettuce. In addition, factors associated with the transfer of E. coli O157:H7 from scat to lettuce were distance between the scat and lettuce, age of scat before irrigation, and mean distance between scat and the irrigation sprinkler heads. This study quantified the transfer coefficient between scat and adjacent heads of lettuce as a function of irrigation. The data can be used to populate a quantitative produce risk assessment model for E. coli O157:H7 in romaine lettuce to inform risk management and food safety policies.

scholarly journals Accounting for the Three-Dimensional Distribution of Escherichia coli Concentrations in Pond Water in Simulations of the Microbial Quality of Water Withdrawn for Irrigation

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1708
Author(s):  
Matthew Stocker ◽  
Dong Jeon ◽  
Ekaterina Sokolova ◽  
Hoonsoo Lee ◽  
Moon Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Fluid Dynamic ◽  
Pond Water ◽  
Irrigation Event ◽  
Microbial Quality ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Quality Of Irrigation Water ◽  
Vertical Gradients

Evaluating the microbial quality of irrigation water is essential for the prevention of foodborne illnesses. Generic Escherichia coli (E. coli) is used as an indicator organism to estimate the microbial quality of irrigation water. Monitoring E. coli concentrations in irrigation water sources is commonly performed using water samples taken from a single depth. Vertical gradients of E. coli concentrations are typically not measured or are ignored; however, E. coli concentrations in water bodies can be expected to have horizontal and vertical gradients. The objective of this work was to research 3D distributions of E. coli concentrations in an irrigation pond in Maryland and to estimate the dynamics of E. coli concentrations at the water intake during the irrigation event using hydrodynamic modeling in silico. The study pond is about 22 m wide and 200 m long, with an average depth of 1.5 m. Three transects sampled at 50-cm depth intervals, along with intensive nearshore sampling, were used to develop the initial concentration distribution for the application of the environmental fluid dynamic code (EFDC) model. An eight-hour irrigation event was simulated using on-site data on the wind speed and direction. Substantial vertical and horizontal variations in E. coli concentrations translated into temporally varying concentrations at the intake. Additional simulations showed that the E. coli concentrations at the intake reflect the 3D distribution of E. coli in the limited pond section close to the intake. The 3D sampling revealed E. coli concentration hot spots at different depths across the pond. Measured and simulated 3D E. coli concentrations provide improved insights into the expected microbial water quality of irrigation water compared with 1D or 2D representations of the spatial variability of the indicator concentration.

Potential Rapid and Simple Lateral Flow Assay for Escherichia coli O111

2013 ◽  
Vol 76 (5) ◽  
pp. 755-761 ◽  
Author(s):  
YOSHITAKA TERAO ◽  
TARO YONEKITA ◽  
NAOKI MORISHITA ◽  
TATSUYA FUJIMURA ◽  
TAKASHI MATSUMOTO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Direct Detection ◽  
Culture Method ◽  
Test Strip ◽  
Lateral Flow ◽  
Lateral Flow Assay ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Meat Samples ◽  
Positive Results

We developed and evaluated a lateral flow assay (LFA) as a simple and rapid method for direct detection of Escherichia coli O111 in food after enrichment. When cell suspensions of 8 E. coli O111 strains and 77 non–E. coli O111 strains were tested with the LFA, the former all yielded positive results and the latter all yielded negative results. The minimum detection limits for the E. coli O111 strains were 1.8 × 103 to 5.6 × 105 CFU/ml of cell suspension, and the LFA was able to detect live cultures or those killed by autoclaving at nearly the same level of sensitivity. To evaluate the ability of LFA to detect its target in food, enrichment cultures of meat samples inoculated with 10-fold serial dilutions of E. coli O111 were tested with the LFA and PCR. Even when there were very few E. coli O111 cells in the meat samples (1.6 × 100 to 1.6 × 101 CFU/25 g of food), when they were cultured in modified E. coli broth with novobiocin for 22 h at 42°C, the LFA yielded positive results that corresponded to the PCR results. Although the LFA requires further evaluation and field study, these results suggest that this assay has sufficient sensitivity and specificity. This procedure can be completed with a one-step incubation after the test strip has been inserted into the sample after 22 h of culture, whereas the standard culture method requires multiple cultures, skilled personnel, a well-equipped laboratory, and 4 or 5 days. The speed and simplicity of this LFA make it suitable for use as part of routine screening assays in the food industry.

scholarly journals Comparison of Colilert-18 with miniaturised most probable number method for monitoring of Escherichia coli in bathing water

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ananda Tiwari ◽  
Seppo I. Niemelä ◽  
Asko Vepsäläinen ◽  
Jarkko Rapala ◽  
Seija Kalso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Water Quality Monitoring ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Bathing Water

The purpose of this equivalence study was to compare an alternative method, Colilert-18 Quanti-Tray (ISO 9308-2) with the European bathing water directive (2006/7/EC) reference method, the miniaturised most probable number (MMPN) method (ISO 9308-3), for the analysis of Escherichia coli. Six laboratories analysed a total of 263 bathing water samples in Finland. The comparison was carried out according to ISO 17994:2004. The recovery of E. coli using the Colilert-18 method was 7.0% and 8.6% lower than that of the MMPN method after 48 hours and 72 hours of incubation, respectively. The confirmation rate of presumptive E. coli-positive wells in the Colilert-18 and MMPN methods was high (97.8% and 98.0%, respectively). However, the testing of presumptive E. coli-negative but coliform bacteria-positive (yellow but not fluorescent) Colilert-18 wells revealed 7.3% false negative results. There were more false negatives in the naturally contaminated waters than in the samples spiked with waste water. The difference between the recovery of Colilert-18 and the MMPN method was considered not significant, and subsequently the methods are considered as equivalent for bathing water quality monitoring in Finland. Future bathing water method equivalence verification studies may use the data reported herein. The laboratories should make sure that any wells showing even minor fluorescence will be determined as positive for E. coli.

Bacterial Contamination of Ready-to-Eat Foods and Fresh Products in Retail Shops and Food Factories

1999 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 644-649 ◽  
Author(s):  
KEN-ICHI KANEKO ◽  
HIDEKI HAYASHIDANI ◽  
YOSHIMITSU OHTOMO ◽  
JUNKO KOSUGE ◽  
MASAHIKO KATO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Bacterial Contamination ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Cooked Rice ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Cooked Food ◽  
Aerobic Plate Count ◽  
Fresh Products

Raw vegetables cut for salad, cooked salad, cooked rice, boiled noodles, bean curd, and cooked Japanese foods were purchased in 27 retail shops in Tokyo. Intact vegetables before being processed and ready-to-eat fresh salad products were obtained from two food factories located in the suburbs of Tokyo. Two hundred thirty-eight retail samples, 137 samples of intact vegetables, and 159 samples of fresh products were examined for aerobic plate count (APC), coliforms, Escherichia coli, Listeria spp., Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus cereus. The APC of retail foods were 2.1 to 5.7 log CFU/g, and the range for the coliforms was 0.1 to 2.3 log CFU/g. The APC and coliform values showed that the raw vegetables cut for salad were the most heavily contaminated among the six kinds of ready-to-eat foods examined. Although L. monocytogenes was not detected, two samples of raw vegetables and five kinds of cooked foods yielded Listeria spp. S. aureus was detected in one sample of Japanese cooked food. The APC of the intact vegetables were 2.9 to 7.3 log CFU/g upon arrival and 2.2 to 7.2 log CFU/g after 3 days storage at 10°C. The APC of the fresh products were 3.4 to 7.6 log CFU/g upon arrival and 4.7 to 8.7 log CFU/g after 3 days storage at 10°C. The isolation rates for coliforms were 6.1 to 50% for intact vegetables and 50 to 66.7% for fresh products. E. coli was detected only in the fresh products. B. cereus was isolated from 20.1% (17 of 81) of the intact vegetables and 9.2% (8 of 87) of the fresh products.

scholarly journals Qualidade Hídrica da Cachoeira do Rio São Tomás, no Município de Rio Verde, Goiás, Brasil

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 377
Author(s):  
Maria Antonia Balbino Pereira ◽  
Wellmo Dos Santos Alves ◽  
Lucas Duarte De Oliveira ◽  
Wilker Alves Morais ◽  
Luanna Oliveira Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Trophic State Index ◽  
Drought Period ◽  
Rainy Period ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Inappropriate Use ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
June July

A água é um recurso fundamental para a vida na Terra. Analisar e monitorar esse bem é uma das formas de auxiliar na conservação da sua qualidade. Este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar a qualidade da água da Cachoeira do Rio São Tomás por meio de variáveis de qualidade da água, Índice de Estado Trófico (IET) e balneabilidade. Foram realizadas sete campanhas, quatro no período chuvoso (novembro e dezembro de 2017 e janeiro e fevereiro de 2018) e três no período de estiagem (junho, julho e agosto de 2018). As variáveis físico-químicas analisadas foram temperatura (T), condutividade elétrica (CE), sólidos totais dissolvidos (STD), potencial hidrogeniônico (pH), turbidez, fósforo total (PT) e nitrato, sendo os valores de referência os estabelecidos pela Resolução CONAMA 357/05 e observados na literatura. O estudo do IET foi realizado considerando os resultados obtidos para PT. Para balneabilidade, a variável obtida foi Escherichia coli (E. coli) e os resultados comparados com os limites descritos na Resolução CONAMA 274/00. A precipitação foi analisada para melhor entender os resultados. A Turbidez e o PT estiveram em inconformidade com os limites determinados na Resolução CONAMA 357/05. Para IET a água foi classificada nos mais altos graus de trofia (supereutrófico e hipereutrófico). Em relação a balneabilidade, a água foi classificada como impropria para banho em três campanhas e para a média geral. Os resultados negativos podem ter relação com o uso e ocupação do solo inadequados associados à precipitação, o que favorece o carreamento de resíduos para o corpo d’água. Water Quality of Cachoeira do Rio São Tomás, in the Municipality of Rio Verde, Goiás, BrazilA B S T R A C TThe water is a primordial resource for life on Earth. Analyzing and monitoring this asset is one of the ways to assist on the preservation of its quality. This paper had as objective to analyze the quality of the water of Cachoeira do Rio São Tomás through variables of water quality, Trophic State Index (TSI) and bathing. Seven campaigns were accomplished, four during the rainy period (November and December of 2017 and January and February of 2018) and three during the drought period (June, July and August of 2018). The physical-chemical variables analyzed were temperature (T), electric conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), hydrogen potential (pH), turbidity, total phosphorus (TP) and nitrate, considering the reference values the ones stablished by CONAMA Resolution 357/05 and observed in literature. The study of TSI was accomplished considering the obtained results for TP. For bathing, the obtained variable was Escherichia coli (E. coli) and the results compared to the described limit of CONAMA Resolution 274/00.  The rainfall was analyzed for better understanding of the results. The Turbidity and TP were in nonconformity with the limits determined by the CONAMA Resolution 357/05. For TSI the water was classified in the highest degrees of trophic (supereutrophic and hypereutrophic). In relation to bathing, the water was classified as inappropriate for bathing in three campaigns and for the general average. The negative results can be related to the inappropriate use and coverage of the soil associated to rainfall, which favors the solids transport to the water body.Keywords: anthropic action, bathing, eutrophication, water resources, subsidy for water management.

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