scholarly journals KAJIAN KUALITAS PERAIRAN UNTUK PERIKANAN DI RAWA PENING JAWA TENGAH

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 173
Author(s):  
Siti Nurul Aida ◽  
Agus Djoko Utomo
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Trophic Level ◽  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Trophic State ◽  
Fish Growth ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Trophic State Index ◽  
State Index

Perairan Rawa Peningmerupakan tipe perairan yang tergenang dan mempunyai arti penting bagi perikanan. Masalah utama yang ada di Rawa Pening yaitu pendangkalan karena sedimentasi dan eutrofikasi yang disebabkan pencemaran air berasal dari limbah rumah tangga, pertanian dan budidaya perikanan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untukmengetahui tingkat kesuburan perairan dan kualitas air di Rawa Pening. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Mei, Juni, Agustus dan Oktober 2013. Frekuensi pengambilan contoh dilakukan empat kali yaitu pada bulan Mei, Juni,Agustus dan Oktober. Stasiun pengamatan meliputi:A. Tengah (Puteran); B.Muara sungai (Torong); C.Area KJA; D. Pemotongan eceng Gondok (tengah 1); E. Sungai keluar (Tuntang); F. Muara sungai (Muncul); G. Tidak ada pemotongan eceng gondok (tengah 2). Data tingkat kesuburan perairan dianalisis dengan metode Carlon’s.Hasil penelitianmenunjukkan bahwa Rawa Pening termasuk katagori perairan dengan tingkat kesuburan tinggi, nilai Thropic State Index (TSI) pada semua stasiun pengamatan berkisar antara 57,22 - 68,06. Kondisi kualitas air yang kurang baik tersebut akanmerugikan perikanan, seperti kejadian kematian ikanmasal, lambatnya pertumbuhan ikan dan penurunan daya dukung perairan.The Rawa Pening waters is a lentic water and has significance for fishery. The main problems in Rawa Pening are silting due to sedimentation and eutrophication due to water pollution from household waste, agriculture and fisheries. The study aims to examine trophic level and water quality. The research conducted on May, June, August and October 2013. There was 7 stations i.e. A. middle (Puteran); B. inlet of Torong; C. Location of aquaculture;D. locations where harvesting of water hyacinth occurred (middle1); E. outlet (Tuntang); F. inlet (Muncul); G. location where no harvest of water hyacinth (middle 2). Trophic level were analyzed by Carlon’s method. The results showed that Rawa Pening waters categorized as the high eutrophication level where the Trophic State Index (TSI) was 57. 22 to 68. 06. The low water quality will be detrimentaled to fisheries, such as mass fish death, slow fish growth and also a decline of carrying capacity of ecosystem.

scholarly journals Assessment of Trophic Responses of a Reservoir to Seasonal and Annual Variations in Monsoon

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 2117
Author(s):  
Su-mi Kim ◽  
Hyun-su Kim
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Trophic State ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Phytoplankton Growth ◽  
Phosphorus Loading ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Trophic State Index ◽  
Post Monsoon ◽  
Post Monsoon Season ◽  
State Index

The variations in water quality parameters and trophic status of a multipurpose reservoir in response to changing intensity of monsoon rain was investigated by applying a trophic state index deviation (TSID) analysis and an empirical regression model to the data collected in two periods from 2014 to 2017. The reservoir in general maintained mesotrophic conditions, and Carlson’s trophic state index (TSIc) was affected most by TSITP. Nutrient concentrations, particularly phosphorus, did not show strong correlations with precipitation, particularly in the period with weak monsoon, and a significant increase in total phosphorus (TP) was observed in Spring 2015, indicating the possibility of internal phosphorus loading under decreased depth and stability of water body due to a lack of precipitation. TSIChl was higher than TSISD in most data in period 1 when a negligible increase in precipitation was observed in the monsoon season while a significant fraction in period 2 showed the opposite trend. Phytoplankton growth was not limited by nutrient limitation although nutrient ratios (N/P) of most samples were significantly higher than 20, indicating phosphorus-limited condition. TSID and regression analysis indicated that phytoplankton growth was limited by zooplankton grazing in the Spring, and that cell concentrations and community structure in the monsoon and post-monsoon season were controlled by the changing intensity of the monsoon, as evidenced by the positive and negative relationships between community size and cyanobacterial population with the amount of precipitation in the Summer, respectively. The possibility of contribution from internal loading and an increase in cyanobacterial population associated with weak monsoon, in addition to potential for nutrient enrichment in the post-monsoon season, implies a need for the application of more stringent water quality management in the reservoir that can handle all potential scenarios of eutrophication.

scholarly journals Were there any changes in zooplankton communities due to the limitation of restoration treatments?

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-104
Author(s):  
Joanna Rosińska ◽  
Katarzyna Kowalczewska-Madura ◽  
Anna Kozak ◽  
Wanda Romanowicz-Brzozowska ◽  
Ryszard Goldyn
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Trophic State ◽  
Species Number ◽  
Trophic State Index ◽  
Keratella Cochlearis ◽  
Bottom Waters ◽  
Phosphorus Inactivation ◽  
State Index ◽  
Zooplankton Communities

Abstract Zooplankton is a good indicator of water quality state. Analysing the species composition and abundance, it is possible to assess the condition of the water body and predict the direction of changes. The aim of the study was to analyse the zooplankton in a shallow urban lake, in which restoration was limited to one method, i.e. wind-aeration. The results were compared with the earlier data obtained during sustainable restoration (three methods: wind-aeration, phosphorus inactivation, biomanipulation) and before the restoration period. The zooplankton was sampled monthly in 2015 and 2016 in the deepest place of the lake from the surface to the bottom. The trophic state was determined based on rotifer trophic state index for lakes (TSIROT). Although the species composition of zooplankton communities varied very little among the restoration periods (Keratella cochlearis f. tecta mainly dominated), significant changes in the abundance of zooplankton were found in the analysed lake. The maximum of total abundance was noted in 2015, almost 5500 ind. L−1, and in the next year its decrease was almost 3-fold, to ca. 1800 ind. L-1. Based on TSIROT, the water was still eutrophic. Leaving only one method of restoration (namely, oxygenation of the bottom waters) proved insufficient to support the development of crucial organisms as cladocerans. The changes in the abundance could have resulted more from seasonal changes than from the effects of aeration. A reduction in species number and maintaining a high proportion of rotifers typical for a high trophic state indicated a return of the ecosystem to its pre-restoration state. High variability in the rotifer abundance indicated a continuous imbalance of the ecosystem. Previous restoration treatments using several methods simultaneously showed better effectiveness. The change of strategy of restoration before obtaining a stable improvement of water quality destroyed previously achieved effects.

scholarly journals A INTERFERÊNCIA DAS ATIVIDADES ANTRÓPICAS NA QUALIDADE DA ÁGUA EM RESERVATÓRIO DE ABASTECIMENTO URBANO. ESTUDO DE CASO: REPRESA DR. JOÃO PENIDO (JUIZ DE FORA, MG)

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 09
Author(s):  
Maria Magaly Heidenreich Silva Bucci ◽  
Luiz Fernando Cappa de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Anthropogenic Impact ◽  
Trophic State ◽  
Trophic State Index ◽  
Monitoring Tool ◽  
State Index ◽  
Negative Impacts

Dr. João Penido dam is the main reservoir for water supply of Juiz de Fora (MG). The forms of land use and occupation have produced negative impacts on the aquatic ecosystem. The general objective of this study was to assess the anthropogenic impact on water quality of the watershed. To this was done to characterize the quality of its waters and the parameters measured were compared with CONAMA Resolution 357/2005. It was also calculated the Water Quality Index (WQI) and the Trophic State Index (TSI). The monitoring tool has proved essential in actions involving preservation of the watershed.

scholarly journals Study of the Water Quality of a Tropical Reservoir

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Quevedo-Castro ◽  
Jesús L. López ◽  
Jesus Gabriel Rangel-Peraza ◽  
Erick Bandala ◽  
Yaneth Bustos-Terrones
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Trophic State ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Trophic State Index ◽  
Tropical Reservoir ◽  
State Index ◽  
Using Data

A study of the water quality of the Adolfo López Mateos Reservoir (ALMD) was developed through different indicators from a spatial and seasonal perspective. Variables related to the general characteristics of water quality, trophic level and ecological risk were assessed through the water Quality Index (WQINSF-BROWN), Trophic State Index (TSICARLSON) and the Ecological Risk Index (RIHAKANSON). Using data from physical, chemical and biological parameters obtained from four sampling points in the ALMD, the water quality was assessed in each model used. The results indicated that the reservoir presents a water quality classified as “medium” (WQINSF-BROWN = 70), where significant variations in the concentrations of some parameters are observed. The reservoir showed a general trophic state classified as “Mesotrophic” (TSIGENERAL-AVERAGE = 43.04). The ecological risk analysis achieved the best classification of the methodology, discarding contamination by heavy metals in surface waters. Through this type of applied methodologies will help as decision making tools in the dam, as well as for application in other dams in the region.

scholarly journals Assessment of Temporal Variation of Water Quality Parameters and the Trophic State Index in a Subtropical Water Reservoir of Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 164-184
Author(s):  
Md. Sirajul Islam ◽  
Yousuf Ali ◽  
Md. Humayun Kabir ◽  
Rofi Md. Zubaer ◽  
Nowara Tamanna Meghla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Trophic State ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Water Reservoir ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Trophic State Index ◽  
State Index

This study was conducted to determine the suitability of water quality for fisheries management in Kaptai Lake from February 2019 to January 2020. Results showed that the temperature, transparency, TDS, pH, DO, EC, alkalinity and hardness were 20.9 to 31.8°C, 17 to 303 cm, 40 to 105 mg/L, 6.82 to 7.96, 6.1 to 7.65 mg/L, 75.33 to 172.33 µS/cm, 37 to 83 mg/L and 35 to 190 mg/L, respectively. However, nutrients as NH3, NO3-, NO2-, PO43- and SO42- were 0.01 to 0.05, 0.03 to 2.21, 36 to 96, 0.01 to 0.04 and 0.3 to 1.9 mg/L, respectively. Chlorophyll a and trophic state index (TSI) were 0.70 to 2.12 µg/L and 27.43 to 37.79, respectively. Study revealed that SO42-, DO and TDS were higher than the standard of ECR. On the other hand, NH3, NO3-, NO2-, PO43-, temperature, transparency, pH, EC, total hardness, total alkalinity, Chlorophyll a and TSI were within the standard levels. Concentrations of NO3-, NO2-, PO43-, Chlorophyll a and TSI (CHL) showed no significant variation with seasons. Conversely, TDS, transparency, EC, alkalinity, hardness, and SO42- were lower in monsoon compared to pre-monsoon and post-monsoon seasons. Besides, temperature, NH3, DO and TSI (SD) were higher in monsoon season. Results concluded that the Kaptai Lake is in mesotrophic condition with TSI (CHL) less than 40, and prominently there was a positive relationship between Chlorophyll a and Trophic State Index (TSI). In this regard, major nutrients and Chlorophyll a concentration in the Kaptai Lake may have an impact on the aquatic environment.

Evaluation of Eutrophication State of Mae Kuang Reservoir, Chiang Mai, Thailand by Using Carlson’s Trophic State Index

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Songpon Saetang ◽  
Jaroon Jakmunee
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Trophic State ◽  
High Growth ◽  
High Growth Rate ◽  
Trophic State Index ◽  
Lake Ecosystems ◽  
Simple Alternative ◽  
State Index ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
First Time

Eutrophication is an event that occurred when the lakes have a high growth rate of phytoplankton and causing deterioration of water quality. In this work, we use Carlson’s Trophic State Index (CTSI) to evaluate the situation of eutrophication of Mae Kuang Reservoir for the first time. Three parameters, i.e., total phosphorus, chlorophyll-a, and water transparency were used to calculate CTSI. The results showed that the reservoir has started to eutrophic. In June and October, the ranges of the CTSI were 49.26–59.60 and 49.07–56.04, respectively, which indicated a low eutrophic state of the reservoir. However, in this primary eutrophic condition, the water quality was not bad, and the living organisms can survive. The CTSI is a valuable and simple alternative method for monitoring and estimating lake ecosystems' eutrophic status.

scholarly journals Multivariate Statistical Analysis of Water Quality and Trophic State in an Artificial Dam Reservoir

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 186
Author(s):  
Md Mamun ◽  
Ji Yoon Kim ◽  
Kwang-Guk An
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Trophic State ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Water Quality Parameters ◽  
Trophic State Index ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Chl A ◽  
State Index

Paldang Reservoir, located in the Han River basin in South Korea, is used for drinking water, fishing, irrigation, recreation, and hydroelectric power. Therefore, the water quality of the reservoir is of great importance. The main objectives of this study were to evaluate spatial and seasonal variations of surface water quality in the reservoir using multivariate statistical techniques (MSTs) along with the Trophic State Index (TSI) and Trophic State Index deviation (TSID). The empirical relationships among nutrients (total phosphorus, TP; total nitrogen, TN), chlorophyll-a (CHL-a), and annual variations of water quality parameters were also determined. To this end, 12 water quality parameters were monitored monthly at five sites along the reservoir from 1996 to 2019. Most of the parameters (all except pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), and total coliform bacteria (TCB)) showed significant spatial variations, indicating an influence of anthropogenic activities. Principal component analysis combined with factor analysis (PCA/FA) suggested that the parameters responsible for water quality variations were primarily correlated with nutrients and organic matter (anthropogenic), suspended solids (both natural and anthropogenic), and ionic concentrations (both natural and anthropogenic). Stepwise spatial discriminant analysis (DA) identified water temperature (WT), DO, electrical conductivity (EC), chemical oxygen demand (COD), the ratio of biological oxygen demand (BOD) to COD (BOD/COD), TN, TN:TP, and TCB as the parameters responsible for variations among sites, and seasonal stepwise DA identified WT, BOD, and total suspended solids (TSS) as the parameters responsible for variations among seasons. COD has increased (R2 = 0.63, p < 0.01) in the reservoir since 1996, suggesting that nonbiodegradable organic loading to the water body is rising. The empirical regression models of CHL-a-TP (R2 = 0.45) and CHL-a-TN (R2 = 0.27) indicated that TP better explained algal growth than TN. The mean TSI values for TP, CHL-a, and Secchi depth (SD) indicated a eutrophic state of the reservoir for all seasons and sites. Analysis of TSID suggested that blue-green algae dominated the algal community in the reservoir. The present results show that a significant increase in algal chlorophyll occurs during spring in the reservoir. Our findings may facilitate the management of Paldang Reservoir.

scholarly journals Trophic Status of Blidinje Lake (Bosnia and Herzegovina) Based on the Determination of the Trophic State Index (TSI)

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Anita Ivanković ◽  
Nikolina Ćosić ◽  
Zrinka Knezović ◽  
Višnja Vasilj
Keyword(s):  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Trophic Level ◽  
Shallow Lakes ◽  
Trophic State ◽  
Mountain Lake ◽  
Trophic State Index ◽  
Trophic Index ◽  
Nature Park ◽  
State Index ◽  
Physical And Chemical

AbstractBlidinje lake is an integral part of the Nature Park Blidinje established in 1995. Blidinje lake is largest mountain lake in Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H) according to the surface and water supplies. Considering the surface, it is surprising to its low depth and large surface changes.Eutrophication is defined as the ‘biological effect of increasing concentrations of plant nutrients in aquatic ecosystems’. Eutrophication results in increased primary production or the production of aquatic plants. It can adversely affect the suitability of the use of water resources for other purposes. Metabolism of shallow lakes is extremely specific such as classical connections; algal biomass with a load of nutrients in shallow lakes can have catastrophic effects.Nutrients that come directly or indirectly into water lead to increase in the amount of algae as well as changes in the composition of phytoplankton, where there is suppression of diatoms and green algae by cyanobacteria.The values of parameters assessing trophic index (Trophic State Index [TSI]) are total phosphorus, chlorophyll a and transparency. This method that generalises numerous data using mathematical equations allows the expression of trophic level.On the basis of earlier studies on physical and chemical parameters of water quality in Blidinje lake, Carlson trophic index was calculated, and based on that assessment, trophic level is given.

scholarly journals ANALISIS TROPHIC STATE INDEX CARLSON AIR MUARA SUNGAI BANJIR KANAL TIMUR, SEMARANG

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-25
Author(s):  
Andro Khasani ◽  
Norma Afiati ◽  
Bambang Sulardiono
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Trophic State ◽  
Trophic State Index ◽  
Total N ◽  
Water Quality Status ◽  
State Index ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The City ◽  
Quality Status

ABSTRAKSungai Banjir Kanal Timur merupakan salah satu sungai besar yang dimiliki Kota Semarang. Sungai ini berfungsi dalam sistem drainase dan pengendalian banjir. Beberapa aliran sungai mengalir ke Sungai Banjir Kanal Timur dan berakhir di muara. Muara merupakan segmen yang akan menampung semua beban yang berasal dari sungai. Oleh karena itu, status trofik perairan di muara, khususnya Sungai Banjir Kanal Timur perlu dievaluasi dalam rangka pengelolaan lingkungan dan pemanfaatan sumberdaya alamnya. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan selama bulan Mei 2016 di muara Sungai Banjir Kanal Timur Semarang. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui kualitas air melalui status kesuburan perairan di muara Sungai Banjir Kanal Timur, berdasarkan metode Trophic State Index (Carlson, 1977) dan metode STORET dalam Kepmen LH No. 115 Tahun 2003 tentang Pedoman Penentuan Status Mutu Air dan PP RI No. 82 Tahun 2001 tentang Pengelolaan Kualitas Air dan Pengendalian Pencemaran Air. Variabel utama yang digunakan pada Analisis TSI Carlson adalah kandungan total N, total P, klorofil-a, dan kecerahan air (angka Secchi disk). Metode penelitian menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan penentuan lokasi sampling bersifat purposive sampling. Hasil yang diperoleh dari analisis TSI (Carlson, 1977) berkisar 53 – 57. Kriteria TSI menunjukkan bahwa TSI TP < TSI SD > TSI CHL dan TSI TP > TSI SD > TSI CHL. Pendugaan interpretasi hubungan tersebut menjelaskan bahwa fosfor membatasi biomasa alga (rasio TN/TP lebih besar dari 33:1), dan nilai TSI Chl yang rendah disebabkan beberapa faktor lain selain fosfor seperti, pemangsaan oleh zooplankton, kandungan nitrogen, dan sebagainya yang sifatnya mengurangi biomasa algae. Di sisi lain, analisis (Indeks STORET) menggunakan Kepmen LH No. 115 Tahun 2003 tentang Pedoman Penentuan Status Mutu Air menghasilkan skor, yaitu -8. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa kesuburan perairan muara Sungai Banjir Kanal Timur, Semarang menurut TSI (Carlson 1977) berada pada status eutrofik ringan atau (Indeks STORET, Kepmen LH No. 115 / 2003) termasuk kategori perairan tercemar ringan. Kata Kunci : Status Mutu Perairan, Trophic State Index Carlson (1977),  Kepmen  LH No. 115 Tahun 2003, muara Sungai Banjir Kanal Timur Semarang. ABSTRACTEast Banjir Kanal River is one of the largest river owned by the city of Semarang. The river has a main function as drainage system and flood control of the city. Several streams flowing into the East Banjir Kanal River and end at the estuary. As estuary accommodates all loads from the river, therefore, the trophic status of waters in particular for East Banjir Kanal River needs to be evaluated in the context of environmental management and utilization of natural resources. This work was conducted during May 2016 in the estuary of East Banjir Kanal River. The objective was to determine river water quality using Trophic State Index by Carlson (1977) and the STORET method in the Decree of the Minister of Environment of The Republic of Indonesia (Kepmen LH) No. 115/2003 regarding Guideline for the Determination of Water Quality Status and The Government Regulation of The Republic of Indonesia No 81/2001 regarding Water Quality Management and Water Pollution Control. The main variables used in the analysis of Trophic State Index by Carlson, 1977 are total N, total P, chlorophyll-a and water clarity. Descriptive method is used to determine random sampling points. The average results of all stations analysed by means of Trophic State Index (Carlson, 1977) ranged from 53-57. The interpretation showed that TSI TP < TSI SD > TSI CHL and TSI TP > TSI SD > TSI CHL, these mean that phosphorus limit the biomass of algae (the ratio TN/TP larger than 33:1). Furthermore, lower TSI Chl values in all sampling point were due to several factors other than phosphorus, such as predatory zooplankton, nitrogen which worked to reduce algal biomass. The STORET analysis in the Decree of the Minister of Environment of The Republic of Indonesia (Kepmen LH) No. 115/2003 about Guideline for the Determination of Water Quality Status gives an overall score of  minus 8. It is concluded that by applying both methods, the estuary of the East Banjir Kanal, Semarang during the course of the study were on light eutrophic status and categorized as lightly polluted waters. Keywords:  Water Quality Status, Trophic State Index Carlson (1977), Decree of the Minister of Environment of The Republic Indonesia (Kepmen LH) No. 115/2003, Estuary of East Banjir Kanal River Semarang. 

scholarly journals Assessment of Water Quality Based on Trophic Status and Nutrients-Chlorophyll Empirical Models of Different Elevation Reservoirs

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 3640
Author(s):  
Md Mamun ◽  
Usman Atique ◽  
Kwang-Guk An
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Trophic State ◽  
Trophic Status ◽  
Water Clarity ◽  
Empirical Models ◽  
Cyanobacterial Blooms ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Trophic State Index ◽  
Chl A ◽  
State Index

Water quality degradation is one of the most pressing environmental challenges in reservoirs around the world and makes the trophic status assessment of reservoirs essential for their restoration and sustainable use. The main aims of this study were to determine the spatial variations in water quality and trophic state of 204 South Korean reservoirs at different altitude levels. The results demonstrated mean total phosphorus (TP), chlorophyll-a (CHL-a), total suspended solids (TSS), organic matter indicators (chemical oxygen demand: COD; total organic carbon: TOC), water temperature (WT), and electrical conductivity (EC) remain consistently higher in the very lowland reservoirs (VLLR) than those in other altitudes, due to sedimentary or alluvial watersheds. The average TP and CHL-a levels in VLLR crossed the limit of the eutrophic water, symptomizing a moderate risk of cyanobacterial blooms. Empirical models were developed to identify critical variables controlling algal biomass and water clarity in reservoirs. The empirical analyses of all reservoir categories illustrated TP as a better predictor of CHL-a (R2 = 0.44, p < 0.01) than TN (R2 = 0.02, p < 0.05) as well as showed strong P-limitation based on TN:TP ratios. The algal productivity of VLLR (R2 = 0.61, p < 0.01) was limited by phosphorus, while highland reservoirs (HLR) were phosphorus (R2 = 0.23, p < 0.03) and light-limited (R2 = 0.31, p < 0.01). However, TSS showed a highly significant influence on water clarity compared to TP and algal CHL-a in all reservoirs. TP and TSS explained 47% and 34% of the variance in non-algal turbidity (NAT) in HLR. In contrast, the TP and TSS variances were 18% and 29% in midland reservoirs (MLR) and 32% and 20% in LLR. The trophic state index (TSI) of selected reservoirs varied between mesotrophic to eutrophic states as per TSI (TP), TSI (CHL-a), and TSI (SD). Mean TSI (CHL-a) indicated all reservoirs as eutrophic. Trophic state index deviation (TSID) assessment also complemented the phosphorus limitation characterized by the blue-green algae (BGA) domination in all reservoirs. Overall, reservoirs at varying altitudes reflect the multiplying impacts of anthropogenic factors on water quality, which can provide valuable insights into reservoir water quality management.

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