The Place for Others in Islam

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-123
Author(s):  
Ahmet AliIbasic
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Religious Freedom ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Early History ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mutual Support ◽  
Normal Functioning ◽  
God's Will ◽  
History Of ◽  
Solid Foundation

The following article deals with the place of the other in Islamic sources and law. It first elaborates general Qur‘anic principles and precedents from the early history of Islam that might serve as a theoretical basis for co-existence in Islam. Those include co-existence as God‘s will, supremacy of justice over religious formalism, separation of legitimacy of the other, and belief in the correctness of his/her views, and less-known examples of cooperation and mutual support between the Prophet Muhammad and pagans of Mecca. The second part surveys norms of Islamic law that provide for protection of non-Muslims‘ life, property, religious freedom, legal autonomy, and social justice and security. The overall aim of the study is to show that even classical Islamic law provides solid foundation for normal functioning of multi-religious societies.

The Rise of the Muslim Brotherhood and the Potential for Violent Escalation

2020 ◽  
pp. 37-78
Author(s):  
Ioana Emy Matesan
Keyword(s):  
Muslim Brotherhood ◽  
Early History ◽  
The Other ◽  
Religious Movement ◽  
Dual Effect ◽  
Sequence Of Events ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Muslim Brotherhood ◽  
The One ◽  
Gamal Abdel Nasser

This chapter revisits the early history of the Muslim Brotherhood to understand why an organization that started out as a nonviolent religious movement came to be associated with violence. Many blame this on the harsh repression under President Gamal Abdel Nasser. However, the analysis shows that the drift toward violence started much earlier. Reconstructing the sequence of events between 1936 and 1948, the chapter reveals that what initially politicized the Brotherhood was the presence of British troops in Egypt and Palestine. The formation of an armed wing led to competition over authority within the group, which incentivized violent escalation. The chapter then focuses on the period between 1954 and 1970 and shows that repression had a dual effect. On the one hand, it inspired new jihadi interpretations, which were particularly appealing to younger members. On the other hand, the prisons were also the backdrop against which the Brotherhood became convinced that violence was futile.

Protogeometric Vases from Amorgos in the Museum of the British School

1989 ◽  
Vol 84 ◽  
pp. 177-185
Author(s):  
R.W.V. Catling ◽  
R.E. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Early History ◽  
The Other ◽  
The South ◽  
South West ◽  
British School ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Time

Two vases, a cup and an oinochoe, from Arkesine in south-west Amorgos are published for the first time. It is argued that both are probably Middle Protogeometric, one an import from Euboia, the other from the south-east Aegean; chemical analysis supports both attributions. Their implications for the early history of Amorgos are discussed.

scholarly journals Art. XIV.—Notes on the Early History of Northern India. Part VI On the Historical Value, Origin, and Growth of Early Methods of Record anterior to Alphabets, including Ideographic Signs, Sacred Numbers, and Myths

1890 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 697-758
Author(s):  
J. F. Hewitt
Keyword(s):  
Early History ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Benefit ◽  
Northern India ◽  
History Of ◽  
Combined Work

As botanists and zoologists trace the successive stages of existence traversed by living plants and animals through species and genera to families, so the historian of human progress finds himself obliged to extend his generalizations through tribes and nations to races. Research proves that it is these larger units who, through the combined work of the several component parts of the race, are the authors of the underlying ideas which are acted out in its achievements. It also seems to show that there are two races who have most materially aided in the development of civilization— one, quiet, silent, hard-working and practical, whose members have always looked on the public benefit of the tribe or nation to which they belonged as their best incentive to action: the other, impulsive, sensitive, generous, and eloquent, who have looked on personal glory and the aggrandizement of their families and personal adherents as the object of their ambition.

¡A mi no me manda nadie!

Pragmatics ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcia Farr
Keyword(s):  
Private Property ◽  
Hard Work ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mutual Support ◽  
Strong Ties ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Distinct Subgroup ◽  
North Americans ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One

Rancheros are presented as a distinct subgroup of Mexican campesinos ‘peasants’ who enact a liberal individualist ideology that centrally values private property, especially land, and hard work as the legitimate route to el progreso ‘progress’. Both male and female rancheros are tough and independent “ranch” people who construct their identities in contrast to indigenas ‘Indians’ on the one hand (whom rancheros view as communally-oriented), and catrines ‘city people’ (whom rancheros see as fancily-dressed, and acting, “dandies”) on the other. A history of frontier isolation and mobility in la sociedad ranchera ‘ranchero society’ facilitated the development of both autonomy and strong ties of reciprocity for mutual support in hostile conditions, as well as common ways of living, dressing, and speaking. This valuing of both autonomy and affiliation undermines the often-invoked dichotomy between “Mexicans” and “North Americans” as being communal, or group-oriented, and individualistic, or self-oriented, respectively. Rather than predominantly one or the other, rancheros value both autonomy and affiliation. This historically constructed identity is enacted in a particular way of speaking, franqueza ‘frankness’, direct, straightforward, candid language that goes directly to a point. Informal verbal performances by members of these families within their homes, both in Chicago and Mexico, are analyzed for their construction of ranchero identity through franqueza.

The atmospheric Cherenkov technique in y-ray astronomy: the early days

1981 ◽  
Vol 301 (1462) ◽  
pp. 611-614 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
High Energy ◽  
Early History ◽  
The Other ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Ultra High Energy ◽  
Energy Bands ◽  
Short Contribution ◽  
Basic Physics ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject

At this meeting papers were given by Turver & Weekes and Sreekantan about the current status in the detection of ultra-high-energy y-rays in the energy range 10 11 —10 13 eV, by means of the atmospheric Cherenkov technique. There are two objectives of this short contribution. The first is to describe briefly the early history of the subject, and the second to outline the basic physics involved, which will reveal how the technique is essentially quite different from those used in the other energy bands in the y-ray spectrum.

A Seal of Strongbow in the Huntington Library

1941 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony R. Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Early History ◽  
The Other ◽  
Historical Figure ◽  
History Of ◽  
Huntington Library

In 1939, having failed after much searching to locate any extant seal of Strongbow, I gave in Historic Heraldry of Britain (Oxford, 1939, pp. 36–7) such particulars as I could of two which have perished, one known by a drawing, the other by a photograph and description. Soon after the book's appearance a letter from Captain R. B. Haselden informed me that what I had been seeking existed in the Huntington Library, namely, a complete and almost perfect seal of Strongbow attached to a charter formerly at Stowe. To the historian, the sigillographer, and the herald alike, this seal is of exceptional interest: to the historian, because it is the only known seal extant of an important historical figure; to the sigillographer, because of the unique design of the counterseal; and to the herald, for its bearing on the early history of one of the two or three oldest heraldic devices.

scholarly journals XII.—On Feudal and Obligatory Knighthood

Archaeologia ◽  
1863 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis Morgan Nichols
Keyword(s):  
Early History ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Political ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Intimate Connection ◽  
Legal Fiction ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
History Of

The intimate connection which existed between chivalry and feudalism in the early age of both these institutions has not been sufficiently observed. Those who have set themselves to write the history of chivalry have been attracted by its romantic side, and have neglected the more substantial aspect which it presents when considered in relation to the political fabric. Our legal antiquaries, on the other hand, have sparingly recognised the influence of chivalry in the early history of the feudal establishment; and, while it was impossible to banish knight's service and tenure in chivalry from any account of the feudal system, they have been rather disposed to regard feudal knighthood as a legal fiction, and to disconnect the chivalry of tenure from the chivalry of arms.

scholarly journals The Constraints of Software

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-29
Author(s):  
Andrew Stuart Turnbull
Keyword(s):  
Computer Software ◽  
Early History ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cd Rom ◽  
History Of ◽  
Software Distribution ◽  
Technological Constraints ◽  
At Will

Computer software media has long had intrinsic similarities to books...so why may one be borrowed in a library and not the other? The answer lies in the context and history of how computer media came to be. In this essay I explore the early history of software distribution, where many different proposals fought to succeed. I provide an overview of the software industry’s early embrace of copy-protected floppy disks as a distribution medium, and how they harmed the notion of software as a borrowable medium. Lastly, I cover how CD-ROM materials were treated as books by publishers and libraries, yet failed to realize this premise with long-term success. I argue that a combination of industry actions and technological constraints over four decades caused computer software to fail to succeed as a tangible medium that can be borrowed like a book, lent, or resold at will.

scholarly journals Modernism and Traditionalism in Islam: A Plea for Realism

ICR Journal ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 643-646
Author(s):  
Muhammad Legenhausen
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Law ◽  
The Other ◽  
Active Movement ◽  
Islamic Fundamentalism ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Traditional Societies ◽  
History Of ◽  
Politically Active

The benefits of modernisation cannot be ignored any more than its failings. Nothing should be accepted or rejected merely because it is modern. Likewise, nothing should be accepted or rejected merely because it is traditional. There is much that is good in modernity, and much that is good in traditional societies. There is much that is bad in modernity, and much that is bad in traditional societies.  In practice, any politically active movement that opposes Westernisation and calls for the enforcement of Islamic law is termed “Islamic fundamentalism.” One must be careful to distinguish so-called fundamentalists from traditional Muslim groups, for there are Muslim groups that have been anti-intellectualist, anti-philosophical and rather outwardly oriented throughout the history of Islamic civilisation. On the other hand, there are some revolutionary Muslims who have been philosophers and mystics.  

خاتم النبيين والهجمات الخارجية The Last Prophet and External Attacks

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
أسماء أكلي (Asmaa Akli) ◽  
وراضية باشوش (& Radhia Bachouch)
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Law ◽  
Early History ◽  
Muslim World ◽  
Ethical System ◽  
History Of ◽  
Objective Research ◽  
Research Studies

تناول هذا البحث بالدراسة واحدة من أهم معضلات العالم الإسلامي وهي الاعتداء على رموزه من خلال سب نبيها محمد  والاستهزاء به، فكان من الواجب أن يكون هناك بحث موضوعي يرد ويسدد ويوجه مسار مواجهة هذه التعديات، فجاء هذا البحث موضحا أحد أساليب مواجهة الدعوة في القديم والحديث، مبينا مخالفتها للنظم والمعايير الأخلاقية والذوق الحضاري، وبيان حكمها ليس في التشريع الإسلامي فقط، وإنما في الدساتير والمواثيق الدولية. وقد خلصت الدراسة إلى بيان أساليب الرد في الصدر الأول من الإسلام، وكذلك  زمن الصحابة رضي الله عنهم، والعصر الحاضر، منتهية باقتراح خطة حكيمة لصد هذا العدوان.*****************************************************This research studies one of the main problems of the Muslim world which is the attack on its symbols by insulting and mocking the Prophet Muhammad (s.a.w.). There is an urgent need of an objective research on this subject that should respond, correct, and direct the course of facing these attacks. This research focuses on one of the methods used in both old and new propagation, explaining how it is in conflict with the ethical system and standards and civilizational decency, and elaborating its ruling which is not only in Islamic law, but also in the international covenants and conventions. The study includes discussion of the methods of rebuttal as found in the early history of Islam, during the time of ØaÍÉbah, and the present era, proposing a wise plan to repel this aggression.

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