Bulgarian Consonant Acquisition in Preschoolers with Typical versus Protracted Phonological Development

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara May Bernhardt ◽  
D. Ignatova ◽  
W. Amoako ◽  
N. Aspinall ◽  
S. Marinova-Todd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Analysis ◽  
Native Speaker ◽  
Word List ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Phonological Development ◽  
Single Word ◽  
Match Accuracy

Previous research on Bulgarian consonant acquisition reports earlier acquisition of stops, nasals and glides than fricatives, affricates and liquids. The current study expands the investigation of Bulgarian consonant acquisition. The primary objective was to identify characteristics of protracted versus typical phonological development (PPD versus TD) relative to consonant match (accuracy) levels and mismatch patterns. A native speaker audio-recorded and transcribed single-word productions (110-word list) of sixty 3- to 5-year-olds (30 TD, 30 PPD). Another two transcribers confirmed transcriptions using acoustic analysis for disambiguation. Data generally confirmed previous findings regarding the order of consonant acquisition. Factors characteristic of PPD in comparison with TD were: lower match levels, especially at age 3 for onsets in unstressed syllables: later mastery of laterals; and a greater proportion and range of mismatch patterns, including deletion and more than one feature mismatch per segment (e.g., Manner & Place). The paper concludes with clinical and research implications.

A proposed order of historical emergence of Esan speech varieties

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ikoyo-Eweto Evarista Ofure
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Native Speaker ◽  
Speech Sound ◽  
Word List ◽  
North Central ◽  
Linguistic Group ◽  
Internal Relations ◽  
Linguistic Relations ◽  
Identification Procedures

AbstractSignificant studies on the sound systems of Edoid languages have been conducted, but studies of the internal relations that may exist within them are rare. Linguistic and nonlinguistic correlates of Northern Edoid features have been identified, thereby laying out broad phonetic and phonological indices for identifying this group of languages. Esan is classified as North Central Edoid. The goal of this study is to address the need to further define internal linguistic relations within the languages which constitute this linguistic group. Specifically, this study seeks to identify an order of historical emergence of identified Esan speech varieties.The study is lexicon based. Data were gathered from one adult native speaker from each of the twelve identified Esan speech varieties making a total of twelve informants. The Ibadan word list of 400 basic items served as an instrument. Available data were transcribed in phonetic tradition and subjected to sound identification procedures. A comparative analysis of the sound systems which emerged for each identified Esan speech variety, separated them into eight groups in the following order: Udo-Ugboha-Ubiaza; Ebhoato-Igueben-Ilushi; Uromi; Ekpoma; Ohordua; Ogwa; Irrua; Ugbegun. The first group of Esan speech varieties exhibit speech sound characteristics that indicate that it is an earlier form of the language. Ubiaza exhibited further linguistic indices to suggest that it predates its counterpart Esan varieties.Although this study is not aimed at reconstructing Esan, its findings serve as input to such a goal as well as to dialect studies of the language. It provided an avenue for the documentation of Esan speech forms. The outcome of this study contributes to further similar linguistic studies on Esan and other Edoid Languages.

scholarly journals Quality and quantity in New Zealand English vowel contrasts

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Warren
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Acoustic Analysis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Word List

Acoustic analysis of word-list and sentence data from a database of spoken New Zealand English is used to address the suggestion that a number of vowel contrasts in this variety are moving towards a quantity-based distinction. Data from 73 speakers across three age groups and two sexes are analysed, for a total of almost 6,000 vowel tokens. The move to a quantity distinction is confirmed for thestrut‒startcontrast. In the case ofdressandfleece, younger and female speakers show greater overlap of the two vowels but also stronger diphthongisation offleece. The data also confirm the fronting offootaway fromthoughtand towardsgoose, but with no evident adjustment in durational contrasts or in the diphthongisation of either long vowel.Kitis becoming increasingly centralised, especially in the speech of young women, and is as a consequence becoming more distinct fromnurse. The findings are discussed in the context of the system of vowel contrasts in this variety.

Beyond the Basics II

2001 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Handford Bernhardt ◽  
Gary Holdgrafer
Keyword(s):  
Word List ◽  
Phonological Development

Sometimes, a phonological sample is insufficient for describing patterns and determining goals for treatment. This article discusses how to evaluate a given word list in terms of a set of criteria for a detailed phonological analysis. In addition, suggestions are provided for sample supplementation for two frequent areas of difficulty in phonological development: CVC and CCV(C) word shapes and place sequences.

scholarly journals CIRI-CIRI AKUSTIK KONTRAS PENYUARAAN BUNYI FRIKATIF ARAB BERASASKAN PARAMETER TEMPOH FRIKASI

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-168
Author(s):  
Shahidi A. Hamid ◽  
Majdan Paharal Radzi ◽  
Rahim Aman ◽  
Mumad CheLaeh ◽  
Anwar Omar Din
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Acoustic Analysis ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Word List ◽  
Acoustic Properties ◽  
Social Sciences And Humanities ◽  
Voicing Contrast ◽  
Fricative Voicing ◽  
Islamic Civilization

Latar Belakang dan Tujuan: Makalah ini bertujuan menyerlahkan perbezaan penyuaraan bunyi frikatif Arab bersuara dan tak bersuara yang dihasilkan oleh penutur Melayu. Kajian lepas membuktikan bahawa penutur Melayu sering melakukan kesalahan pertuturan faringealisasi Arab.   Metodologi: Analisis ciri-ciri akustik bunyi frikatif Melayu dan Arab di awal kata menggunakan parameter tempoh frikasi, justeru, dilaksanakan bagi menyerlahkan persamaan dan perbezaan bunyi konsonan berkenaan. Kaedah analisis spektrograf menerusi perisian Praat dimanfaatkan bagi membolehkan pengkaji memindahkan data rakaman ujaran dalam bentuk spektrogram dan melakukan penelitian akustik. Hasil dapatan analisis akustik dimanipulasikan menerusi SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences). Data spektogram sebanyak 2960 diperoleh daripada rakaman ujaran subjek kajian seramai 24 orang pelajar ijazah Sarjana Muda Pengajian Bahasa Arab dan Tamadun Islam Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. Proses rakaman terlebih dahulu dijalankan di studio rakaman Fakulti Sains Sosial dan Kemanusiaan, UKM menggunakan alat perakam TASCAM MP3/WAV. Senarai perkataan mengandungi bunyi frikatif di awal kata bagi kedua-dua bahasa dibaca oleh subjek kajian dengan keadaan tahap pertuturan yang selesa, iaitu tidak terlalu perlahan dan tidak terlalu laju. Subjek diminta mengulangi perkataan tersebut sebanyak lima kali.   Dapatan Kajian: Hasil kajian ini mendapati bahawa bunyi frikatif tak bersuara /s/ adalah lebih panjang berbanding bunyi bersuara /z/. Dapatan kajian juga menunjukkan bahawa tiada hubungan signifikan antara bunyi /س/ dan /sˤ/ dan /ز/ dan /zˤ/. Secara khususnya, kajian ini mengesahkan bahawa tidak semua bunyi faringealisasi Arab dipengaruhi bahasa ibunda. Bunyi ini mampu juga dikuasai oleh bukan penutur natif Arab.   Implikasi: Kajian ini memberi implikasi signifikan terhadap pembelajaran bahasa Arab sebagai bahasa kedua di Malaysia serta perkembangan ilmu fonetik akustik di Malaysia khususnya bagi menambah baik sebutan frikatif Arab dalam kalangan penutur natif Melayu.   Kata kunci: Akustik, bahasa Arab, gangguan bahasa, pemindahan bahasa, tempoh frikasi.   Abstract   Background and Purpose: This paper aims to highlight the voicing contrast of Arabic and Malay fricatives produced by Malay native speakers. Previous studies show that Malay speakers often make mistakes on Arabic pharyngealisation.   Methodology: This study, thus, analysed the frication duration characteristics of Malay and Arabic fricatives in initial word position and highlight their similarities and differences. The spectrographic analysis method via Praat software was utilized to enable the researcher to transfer speech recording data into a spectrogram and analysed acoustically. A total of 2960 spectrograms was obtained from the recording of 24 subjects’ utterences. The subjects are undergraduate students of Arabic Studies and Islamic Civilization of the Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. The recording process was performed in the Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, UKM recording studio using TASCAM MP3 / WAV recorder. A word list that contains the fricative sound at the beginning of each word in both languages was ​​read by subjects with comfortable speech level, i.e. neither slow nor too fast. Subjects were asked to repeat the word five times.   Findings: The result of the acoustic analysis was manipulated using Statistical Package for Social Sciences. This study found that the fricative sound / s / is longer than the sound / z / for both languages. The findings also show that there is no significant relationship between sound / س / and / sˤ / and / ز / and / zˤ /. In particular, this study confirms that not all Arabic pharyngealisation are influenced by their native language. It can be mastered also by non-native speakers of Arabic.   Contributions: This study provides significant implications for learning Arabic as a second language in Malaysia as well as the development of acoustic phonetics, particularly, in improving the fricative pronunciation of Arabic among native speakers of Malay.   Keywords: Acoustic, Arabic, frication duration, language interference, language transfer.   Cite as: Shahidi A. H., Radzi, M. P., Aman, R., CheLaeh, M., & Anwar, O. D. (2020). Ciri-ciri akustik kontras penyuaraan bunyi frikatif Arab berasaskan parameter tempoh frikasi [The acoustic properties of Arabic fricative voicing contrast based on the frication duration parameter]. Journal of Nusantara Studies, 5(1), 143-168. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol5iss1pp143-168

scholarly journals Hnaring Lutuv Swadesh list

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samson Alexander Lotven ◽  
Sui Hnem Par ◽  
James C Wamsley ◽  
Kelly H Berkson
Keyword(s):  
Native Speaker ◽  
Word List ◽  
Language Family ◽  
The Us

This paper presents a preliminary 100-item Swadesh word list for Hnaring Lutuv. Lutuv or Lautu(ISO 639-3 CLT) belongs to the Maraic branch of Kuki-Chin within the Tibeto-Burman language family (Eberhard et. al, 2019). Hnaring is a Lutuv village in the southern part of the Lutuv-speaking area in Thantlang Township, Chin State, Myanmar The word list comes from the intuitions of our co-author Sui Hnem Par,a 21-year-old native speaker born Near Mandalay of Lutuv parents (both from Hnaring), who lived for some of her childhood in Hnaring before moving to the US.

scholarly journals Words without vowels: phonetic and phonological evidence from Tashlhiyt Berber

2002 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 93-110
Author(s):  
Rachid Ridouane
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Analysis ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Native Speaker ◽  
Phonological Rule

This article deals with the Tashlhiyt dialect of Berber (henceforth TB) spoken in the southern part of Morocco. In TB, words may consist entirely of consonants without vowels and sometimes of only voiceless obstruents, e.g. tft#tstt "you rolled it (fem)". In this study we have carried out acoustic, video-endoscopic and phonological analyses to answer the following question: is schwa, which may function as syllabic, a segment at the level of phonetic representations in TB? Video-endoscopic films were made of one male native speaker of TB, producing a list of forms consisting entirely of voiceless obstruents. The same list was produced by 7 male native speakers of TB for the acoustic analysis. The phonological analysis is based on the behaviour of vowels with respect to the phonological rule of assibilation. This study shows the absence of schwa vowels in forms consisting of voiceless obstruents.  

scholarly journals Duration as a Phonetic Cue in Native and Non‑Native American English

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-28
Author(s):  
Biljana Čubrović
Keyword(s):  
Native American ◽  
Acoustic Analysis ◽  
Native Speaker ◽  
Mother Tongue ◽  
American English ◽  
Spectral Characteristics ◽  
Vowel Duration ◽  
The Us ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Phonetic Duration

This vowel study looks at the intricate relationship between spectral  characteristics and vowel duration in the context of American English vowels, both from a native speaker (NS) and non-native speaker (NNS) perspective. The non-native speaker cohort is  homogeneous in the sense that all speakers have Serbian as their mother tongue, but have been long-time residents of the US. The phonetic context investigated in this study is /bVt/, where V is one of the American English monophthongs /i ɪ u ʊ ε æ ʌ ɔ ɑ/. The results of the acoustic analysis show that the NNS vowels are generally longer than the NS vowels. Furthermore, NNSs neutralise the vowel quality of two tense and lax pairs of vowels, /i ɪ/ and /u ʊ/, and rely more heavily on the phonetic duration when prononuncing them.

scholarly journals Between Sound and Voice: Teaching Chinese Tones To Non-Tonal Language Speakers

2021 ◽  
Vol 69 (9) ◽  
pp. 141-158
Author(s):  
Ewa Zajdler
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Mandarin Chinese ◽  
Acoustic Analysis ◽  
Native Speaker ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Language Instruction ◽  
Voice Teaching ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Teaching Chinese ◽  
Successful Production

The production of highly intelligible syllables in Mandarin Chinese entails a successful production of tones, which poses a challenge for learners of Chinese as a foreign language. The aim of the current paper is to address this issue by identifying the key tonal features contributing to tone intelligibility in the lexemes produced by Polish learners of Mandarin Chinese as a foreign language. Samples of Polish female students’ tonal pronunciations at two stages of learning were selected and compared with productions made by a female native speaker of Mandarin Chinese from Taiwan. Four syllables produced by the students were selected from a corpus of read-out passages which had already been assessed for the intelligibility of monosyllabic lexemes by native judges. The students’ pronunciation samples (whose pronunciation improved from the A1 minus language level to A2) were analysed using pitch, fundamental frequency contour, and register span criteria, and then compared to the female native speaker’s pronunciations of the same syllables. Importantly, before the results of this analysis are presented, the simplified model of tones widely used in language instruction is compared and contrasted with the acoustic analysis of tonal productions made by the native speaker. This is done to show to what extent the simplified, widely used model reflects real-life tonal productions.

Crosslinguistic Phonological Development: An International Collaboration

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (17) ◽  
pp. 21-29
Author(s):  
Barbara May Bernhardt ◽  
Joseph Paul Stemberger ◽  
Daniel Bérubé
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
International Study ◽  
Brazilian Portuguese ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Phonological Development ◽  
Analysis Program ◽  
Single Word ◽  
Canadian French ◽  
European Portuguese ◽  
Chilean Spanish

An international study is investigating phonological development in 12 languages: Romance (Canadian French, Granada, Mexican and Chilean Spanish, and European Portuguese); Germanic (German, English, Swedish, and Icelandic); Semitic (Kuwaiti Arabic); Asian (Japanese, Mandarin); South Slavic (Bulgarian, Slovene). Additional phonological assessment materials have been created for Anishinaabemowin (Algonquian, Canada), Brazilian Portuguese, European French, Punjabi, Tagalog, and Greek. The study has two purposes: (a) to investigate crosslinguistic patterns in phonological development; and (b) to develop assessment tools and treatment activities. Equivalent crosslinguistic methodologies include: (a) single word lists for elicitation that reflect major characteristics of each language; (b) data collection and transcription by native speakers; (c) participant samples of 20–30 preschoolers (ages 3 to 6) with typical versus protracted phonological development; and (d) data analysis supported by Phon, a phonological analysis program. The current paper provides an overview of the study and introduces a website that offers free tutorials and materials for speech-language pathologists (SLPs).

A Revised List for the Estimation of Dysarthric Single Word Intelligibility

1970 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald S. Tikofsky
Keyword(s):  
Item Analysis ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Word List ◽  
Single Word ◽  
Spearman Rank Correlation ◽  
Spearman Rank ◽  
Interval Width ◽  
Average Variance

An item analysis of the 160 words used in Tikofsky and Tikofsky’s (1964) study of dysarthric intelligibility was carried out. Results of the analysis yield a 50-word list with 9 difficulty levels ranging from 0.400 to 0.800 (0.05 interval width) and minimum reliability of 0.550. The average difficulty of the items selected is 0.619, with an average variance of 0.222 and average SD of 0.472. Degree of agreement among listeners for the 50-word list was determined by Spearman Rank Correlation. The obtained r s was 0.99, significant beyond the 0.01 level. The revised list appears to have the potential of providing a clinically useful tool for estimating dysarthric single word intelligibility.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document