Replacement of the township system and social changes in rural areas

2021 ◽  
pp. 61-127
Author(s):  
Wang Xianming
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Social Changes

scholarly journals Rural development limitations at the transitional terms

2003 ◽  
Vol 44 (159) ◽  
pp. 159-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marija Nikolic ◽  
Marija Maksin-Micic
Keyword(s):  
Rural Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Leisure Activities ◽  
National Level ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Mountain Areas ◽  
Integrated Rural Development ◽  
European Experience ◽  
Green Tourism

European countries have been reaffirtmating the role and the significance of agricultural multifunctionality for rural areas development. The transition countries have to make the assessment of their weaknesses and opportunities before facing the necessary significant investments in agriculture, rural settlements and deprived rural areas. Overall economic development should provide for further agriculture employment reduction, along with taking measures for the agriculture farms modernization and changes in the structure of agriculture production, within the process of integrated rural development. Declining population at mountain areas might be a prerequisite for intensified farm restructuring, namely through development reorientation, achieving more balanced agriculture economy, along with rediscovering comparative advantages in the development of new activities linked to social changes and changes in lifestyle - green tourism, leisure activities, health care, as well as to forestry, traditional crafts etc. Subsequent to European experience in maintenance of the necessary level of spatial development in sparsely populated and neglected rural areas, the development of priority mountain areas in Serbia should be defined at national level, and the new system of support should facilitate the preparation and the implementation of different projects for integrated rural development of this priority areas.

Interview with Caroline Couret about the Creative Tourism Network ®.

2021 ◽  
pp. 59-61
Author(s):  
Caroline Couret ◽  
Cláudia Pato de Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Negative Externalities ◽  
Intangible Heritage ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
A Value

Abstract Introduces what Creative Tourism Network is, the paper also presents how creative tourism is important. Creative tourism is important in two main ways: it meets a growing and irreversible demand that reflects social changes more than a marketing gimmick, and it is, above all, perceived by the territories as a lever for sustainable development. Indeed, far from being considered as a danger for local communities as mainstream tourism used to be; creative tourism is valued for its capacity to create a value chain at the local and regional scale, by turning weaknesses and negative externalities into a virtuous ecosystem. In addition to this, assets such as communities' empowerment, inclusiveness, seasonality, resilience, intangible heritage recovery, social cohesion, and governance (just to mention a few) are applicable to any kind of destination and are particularly beneficial for the rural areas that cannot rely on other industrial sectors. The destinations that are part of the Creative Tourism Network ® are labelled 'CreativeFriendly' for guaranteeing both the quality and authenticity of the creative experiences they are promoting, as well as for the value chain generated through the project design.

Rural “at-risk” students – Directions for policy and intervention

1989 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doris Helge
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Family Involvement ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Community Education ◽  
At Risk Students ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
School Partnerships ◽  
Treatment Services ◽  
Primary Disability ◽  
Relationship Of

This article includes excerpts from case studies of at-risk students. It discusses the high prevalence of at-risk students in rural areas, the relationship of this phenomena to rural cultures, and basic conditions associated with being “at-risk.” Necessary policy and social changes are described and how these can be achieved within the context of a given rural community. School and community preventive and treatment services are detailed. The article discusses the need to address the “secondary” disability (the emotional overlay) of an at-risk handicapped student to facilitate effective intervention with the “primary” disability. The article concludes with a description of the need for systemic change including an emphasis on self-esteem education, appropriate pre-service and inservice, community-business-school partnerships, family involvement, and community education.

Tribal associations, tribal solidarity, and tribal chauvinism in a Kenya town

1973 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Tamarkin
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Political Competition ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Political ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Close Analysis ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The One ◽  
Political Economic

From a close analysis of African activities and actions in the Kenyan town of Nakuru from the 19205 to the 1960s, it is argued that living in towns tended to consolidate the identities of tribal groups and to exacerbate their differences. Contrasts between the urban responses of the Kikuyu, on the one hand, and the Western Kenyan tribes, the Luo and the Abaluhya, on the other, are analysed, and are related to differences in the tribal structures and in the political, economic and social changes that were taking place in their rural areas. By the early 1960s, the stage was set for open political competition between tribal groups.

scholarly journals Exploring Prospective Structural Analysis to Assess the Relevance of Rural Territorial Development in Spain and Nicaragua

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (76) ◽  
pp. 35 ◽  
Author(s):  
María del Mar Delgado-Serrano ◽  
Mateo Ambrosio-Albalá ◽  
Francisco Amador
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Development Policy ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Territorial Development ◽  
Rural Change

<p>Rural Territorial Development policy approach was launched in Europe to foster rural development under the LEADER initiative. It sparked off great interest in Latin America. We analyse the role played by RTD principles in the dynamics and evolution of four rural areas in Spain and Nicaragua. In doing so, we provide<br />empirical understanding on the validity of the principles to boost rural change and contribute to evidencebased policy-making.<br />Methodologically, we explore the use of participatory prospective tools that apprehend rural areas’ evolving and complex nature. The potential of Prospective Structural Analysis to describe rural dynamics, and to support social changes and decision-making is tested.</p><p> </p>

scholarly journals Zmiany sytuacji dochodowej polskich rodzin na wsi po akcesji do Unii Europejskiej

2014 ◽  
pp. 5-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicja Stolarska
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Regional Policy ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Rural Families ◽  
Social Benefits ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Income Sources ◽  
Research Material ◽  
Central Statistical ◽  
Central Statistical Office

The paper presents income situation of Polish rural households in 2005 –2012. The research material came from unpublished empirical studies of Central Statistical Office . Changes of income level and structure of main income sources of the livelihoods were presented. Growing importance of wage from off-farm jobs and a decline of the share of income from agriculture was observed. The author indicated differences in the economic situation of the population living in rural areas and of individual incomes of the families, which suggests the need of checking the activities of the regional policy in relation to rural areas. Conclusions from the analysis are confirmed by the answers of the respondents. According to them, “very good” and “good” levels of income in rural families (over 18% in 2012) came from all sources, including social benefits. Declining share of expenditures reflects positive trends in Polish rural areas after EU accession as well as possibilities of further structural and social changes in rural areas.

scholarly journals STRENGTH PERSPECTIVE: MEMETAKAN POTENSI PELAKU USAHA KECIL DAN MIKRO DI DESA MARGALUYU

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 276
Author(s):  
Santoso Tri Raharjo ◽  
Sahadi Humaedi ◽  
Nurliana Cipta Apsari ◽  
Meilanny Budiarti Santoso
Keyword(s):  
Small Business ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Positive Side ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Strength Based ◽  
Strength Perspective ◽  
The Village

Strength perspective mengarahkan pada pandangan bahawa bahwa setiap orang, kelompok atau masyarakat sesungguhnya memiliki sumber kekuatan, baik yang bersumber pada diri sendiri maupun lingkungan sekitar mereka. Pandangan ini dapat memandu setiap diri manusia, kelompok, organisasi, masyarakat; atau entitas sosial, ekonomi, dan budaya lainnya yang dengan sisi positifnya semestinya menjadi modal utama untuk mandiri, maju dan berkembang. Demikian pula dalam memetakan usaha mikro di perdesaan, dimana perpektif kekuatan berkaitan erat dengan pemberdayaan atau keberdayaan (empowered) usaha tersebut. Selain sumber-sumber potensial lainnya, seperti aset-aset fisik, ekonomi, dan budaya; perspektif ini menekankan perlunya pemanfaatan aset-aset sosial (social capital) potensial di masyarakat. Pandangan kekuatan (strength perspective) merupakan salah alternative upaya memetakan potensi usaha mikro-kecil di desa, agar hasilnya lebih positif dan fair. Banyak usaha kecil dan mikro yang tetap bertahan hingga kini, membuktikan bahwa mereka memiliki kekuatan. Lalu apa yang menjadi sumber kekuatan mereka, hingga dapat survive di tengah perubahan sosial dan teknologi informasi yang begitu cepat. Namun demikian, perubahan sosial dan kemajuan teknologi saat ini pun semestinya dapat berdampak positif bagi perkembangan usaha mereka. Artikel ini berupaya untuk menggambarkan dan menjelaskan bagaimana pandangan berbasis kekuatan (strength perspective) dalam memetakan potensi usaha mikro-kecil di desa, sebagai salah satu alternatif. Kajian dalam artikel ini dilandasi oleh pemikiran bahwa sesungguhnya setiap pelaku usaha mikro-kecil di desa memiliki kekuatan berikut dengan ragam sumber dan potensinya. Beragam sumber dan potensi tersebut bisa disadari atau pun tidak oleh pelaku usaha mikro-kecil (UMK) tersebut. Strength perspective leads to the view that every person, group or community actually has a source of strength, both originating from themselves and the environment around them. This view can guide every human being, group, organization, society; or other social, economic, and cultural entities that on the positive side should be the main capital to be independent, advanced and developing. Likewise in mapping microbusinesses in rural areas, where the strength perspective is closely related to empowering or empowering the business. In addition to other potential sources, such as physical, economic and cultural assets; This perspective emphasizes the need to utilize potential social assets in the community. The strength perspective is an alternative effort to map the potential of micro-small businesses in the village, so that the results are more positive and fair. Many small and micro businesses that have survived until now, prove that they have strength. Then what is the source of their strength, so they can survive in the midst of social change and information technology so fast. However, current social changes and technological advances should have a positive impact on the development of their businesses. This article seeks to describe and explain how a strength based perspective in mapping the potential of micro-small businesses in the village, as an alternative. The study in this article is based on the idea that every micro-small business actor in the village has the following strengths with various sources and potentials. The various sources and potentials can be realized or not by the micro-small business (UMK).

Converts to Human Rights? Popular Debate About War and justice in Rural Central Sierra Leone

Africa ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Archibald ◽  
Paul Richards
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Local Development ◽  
Violent Conflict ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
World Religions ◽  
The Social ◽  
War Victims

AbstractInternationally, war in Sierra Leone (1991–2002) is regarded as an instance of violent conflict driven by economic factors (attempts to control the mining of alluvial diamonds). Fieldwork (2000–01) in rural areas recovering from war suggests a very different picture. War victims and combatants from different factions stress the importance of political decay, corruption, injustice and the social exclusion of young people. Other studies confirm the picture. There is broadly based discussion in rural communities about how to address the injustices held to have been responsible for the war. It seems in line with wider debate about human rights. Are people being converted to international ideals? Applying a neo-Durkheimian perspective, the article shows that this discourse about rights is a product of local social changes brought about by the war itself. The article concludes by asking how it might be consolidated by rights-oriented reconstruction activity. Human rights in Sierra Leone are as much a local development as an imposed change. In this respect the study confirms the importance of local agency already argued by anthropologists who have studied the process of conversion to world religions.

scholarly journals FEATURES OF RURAL TERRITORIES DEVELOPMENT UNDER CONDITIONS OF MODERNIZATION OF ECONOMY

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-148
Author(s):  
Миршарип Газетдинов ◽  
Mirsharip Gazetdinov ◽  
Ольга Семичева ◽  
Ol'ga Semicheva ◽  
Шамиль Газетдинов ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural Economy ◽  
Economic Situation ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
The Social ◽  
Business Entities ◽  
Labor Resources ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Near Future

The article explores the impact of economic modernization on the social and economic situation of rural residents. It justifies the need to develop mechanisms to regulate the activities of business entities taking into account the fundamental interests of the rural population, such as improving and leveling the social and economic conditions of life in order to freely develop the personality of each resident of rural areas. It is alleged that rural areas have their own specifics, which is associated with traditions, culture and relatively low population density. The specificity is manifested in the fact that the rural economy can be simultaneously represented by agriculture and forestry, industrial production, tourism and recreation, and other industries. These areas of activity can become complementary to the main specialization of entrepreneurship in a particular rural area. Two features of the development of rural territories in the near future are distinguished: due to the effective use of the latest achievements of scientific and technological progress and the improvement of technological processes in modern agricultural units, the need for labor resources is reduced; a decrease in the demand for labor resources from agriculture leads to a deterioration in the social and economic situation, and, as a consequence, to an outflow of the population from rural areas. The need for the development of a special social-targeted block in any comprehensive modernization programs is argued. This block should contain requirements that ensure a well-defined character and sequence of social changes in work.

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