ENZYMATIC SACHARIFICATION OF ALKALINE  PRETREATED RICE STRAW BY CELLULASE FROM CELLULOSIMICROBIUM SP. MP1

The effects of different physical and technological parameter such as time, substrate to liquid ratio, enzyme concentration, temperature, and pH on enzymatic saccharification of alkaline pretreated straw cellulose were studied. For alkaline pretreatment, the straw was incubated with 10 % NaOH at ratio 1:20 (w/v) at 90 °C for 1 hour. After the alkaline pretreatment the cellulose content increased from 50.2 % (w/w) to 67.3 % (w/w). Enzyme used for saccharification of treated and untreated straw was produced from Cellulosimicrobium sp MP1 which was isolated from termite gut. Results from research showed that the highest percentage of saccharification of alkaline pretreated straw was 69.91 %, corresponding to 10.58 mg/mL of reducing sugar. The hydrolysis conditions for reaching this highest saccharification yield were: temperature of 55 ºC, substrate to liquid ratio of 2 g/100 mL, enzyme concentration of 37.5 U/g, pH of 5.5 and hydrolysis time of 48 hours.

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Optimization of Enzymatic Hydrolysis Conditions for Preparation of Gingko Peptides from Ginkgo Nuts

International Journal of Food Engineering ◽

10.1515/1556-3758.2582 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Hanju Sun ◽

Zhe Chen ◽

Peng Wen ◽

Hong Lei ◽

Juan Shi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Reaction Temperature ◽

Substrate Concentration ◽

Orthogonal Experiment ◽

Enzyme Concentration ◽

Neutral Protease ◽

Degree Of Hydrolysis ◽

Single Factor ◽

Hydrolysis Time ◽

Initial Ph ◽

Hydrolysis Conditions

Ginkgo nuts were used as raw material and peptides were prepared in turn with Neutral protease and Flavourzyme. In single-factor experiments of Neutral protease, conditions of temperature, pH, enzyme concentration and substrate concentration were optimized in term of degree of hydrolysis (DH). Based on the results of single-factor experiments, an orthogonal experiment (L9(3)4) was conducted to optimize the hydrolysis conditions of Neutral protease. The results showed that enzyme concentration, substrate concentration, reaction temperature and initial pH were the main variables that influenced DH. The highest DH was obtained when hydrolysis time, reaction temperature, initial pH, enzyme amount and substrate concentration were 4 h, 45 oC, 7.0, 1.8 mg/mL and 0.02 g/mL, respectively. Subsequently, the resulting solution was further hydrolyzed with Flavourzyme. Initial pH, temperature, time and enzyme concentration were optimized in term of DH. Finally, another orthogonal experiment (L9(3)4) was conducted to get the best enzymatic conditions of Flavourzyme, and enzyme concentration, initial pH, temperature and time were used as factors. The results showed that when Flavourzyme concentration, reaction temperature, initial pH and hydrolysis time were 9.0 mg/mL, 50 oC, 7.0 and 5 h, respectively, DH was the highest. The final degree of hydrolysis was 22.56%.

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Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Liquid Hot Water Pre-treated Macro-alga (Ulva lactuca) for Fermentable Sugar Production

MATEC Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/matecconf/201815601015 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 156 ◽

pp. 01015

Author(s):

Tri Poespowati ◽

Ardy Riyanto ◽

Hazlan ◽

Ali Mahmudi ◽

Rini Kartika-Dewi

Keyword(s):

Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽

Reducing Sugar ◽

Ulva Lactuca ◽

Hot Water ◽

Cellulose Content ◽

Hydrolysis Time ◽

Liquid Hot Water ◽

Hydrolysis Process ◽

Pre Treatment ◽

Ph Level

Ulva lactuca is one of green macro-algae that has a significant cellulose content. This study aims to determine the effect of variations in substrate-enzyme ratio and hydrolysis time on the enzymatic hydrolysis process of cellulose extracted from Ulva lactuca to produce fermentable sugar or reducing sugar as a raw material for making bioethanol. Firstly, Liquid Hot Water (LHW) pre-treatment process was performed at the temperature of 135°C for 20 minutes; the purpose of this pre-treatment was to reduce the content of hemicellulose and to increase the cellulose content. Secondly, enzymatic hydrolysis process using cellulase enzyme was carried out, in this process citrate buffer was needed in order to stabilize the pH level during hydrolysis process. The process variables were ratio of substrate-enzyme (1:0.05; 1:0.1; 1:1.5; 1:2 and 1:2.5 w/w) and hydrolysis time (24, 48 and 72 hours) under temperature of 45°C and pH level of 5.5. The results shows that the highest reducing sugar yield is 79.7% obtained at a ratio of substrate-enzyme of 1:2.5 (w/w) for 48 hours of hydrolysis time, with the result of reducing sugar concentration is 16.2043 mg/mL.

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Effect of Ultrasound-Assisted on Sequential Peracetic Acid and Alkaline Peroxide Pretreatment to The Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch

10.21203/rs.3.rs-284744/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Dwini Normayulisa Putri ◽

Meka Saima Perdani ◽

Masafumi Yohda ◽

Tania Surya Utami ◽

Muhamad Sahlan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽

Oil Palm ◽

Peracetic Acid ◽

Enzyme Concentration ◽

Reducing Sugar ◽

Empty Fruit Bunch ◽

Hydrolysis Time ◽

Alkaline Peroxide ◽

Hydrolysis Process ◽

Hydrolysis Of

Abstract Enzymatic hydrolysis of oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) that has been pretreated by modified pretreatment has been investigated in this study. The OPEFB used was pretreated by using sequential peracetic acid – alkaline peroxide solution. As the modification method, the assistance of pretreatment by ultrasound was conducted, in order to increase the enzyme accessibility. Therefore, it enhances the production of reducing sugar on the hydrolysis process. Prior to hydrolysis process, OPEFB was initially treated by using peracetic acid solution, comprise of CH3COOH (> 99%) and H2O2 (30% w/w), assisted by ultrasound for 3 hours at 35oC. Afterwards, OPEFB was treated by using alkaline peroxide solution, comprise of NaOH (40% w/w) and H2O2 (35% w/w), assisted by ultrasound for 10 hours at 35oC. OPEFB that has been pretreated was then subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis process using cellulase enzyme, in order to convert cellulose content into reducing sugar. Enzymatic hydrolysis was carried out at 50oC in a shaker incubator with 150 rpm for 48 hours. In this study, the effect of different enzyme concentration and hydrolysis time towards the sugar concentration in modified-pretreated OPEFB was observed and analyzed. Three different concentrations of enzyme were used, including 1.25, 2.5, and 5 g/L, and reducing sugar concentrations were analyzed at 30 and 45 minutes, and 1, 2, 4, 6, 24, 30, and 48 hours. Based on results, enzyme concentration has a significant effect to the production of reducing sugar. The reducing sugar concentrations obtained at the end of the hydrolysis process were 8.48, 11.06, 19.16 g/L, at the enzyme concentrations of 1.25, 2.5, and 5 g/L, respectively. At any hydrolysis time, the highest sugar concentration has been achieved on the highest enzyme concentration of 5 g/L. Moreover, the effective hydrolysis time were achieved at 6 hours, at all concentration of enzyme, since the production of reducing sugar were insignificant after 6 hours. This study showed an increase in reducing sugar production by 8.25% in the hydrolysis process using OPEFB pretreated by modified pretreatment compared to the non-modified pretreatment.

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Acid Hydrolysis and Utilization of Distillers' Grains

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.550-553.1572 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 550-553 ◽

pp. 1572-1575

Author(s):

Yan Chen ◽

Rong Rong Su ◽

Xiao Yan Lin

Keyword(s):

Reaction Time ◽

Sulphuric Acid ◽

Sulphuric Acid Solution ◽

Reducing Sugar ◽

Distillers Grains ◽

Dilute Acid ◽

Liquid Ratio ◽

Hydrolysis Conditions ◽

High Cellulose ◽

Solution Volume

Distillers' grains (DG) has high cellulose contents and is suitable for conversion to reducing sugar under dilute acid conditions. The effects of the hydrolysis conditions, including acid concentration, solid to liquid ratio, reaction temperature and time, were discussed, as well as the changes of microstructure and groups after hydrolysis. The conversion rate of reducing sugar could reach 25.07% (g/100g DG) when the hydrolysis conditions are as follows: the concentration of sulphuric acid is 5% (wt), the temperature is 120 °C, the ratio of sulphuric acid solution volume (mL) to weight of DG (g) is 30:1 and the reaction time is 10 h.

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Acid-Alkaline Two-Stage Pretreatments of Corn Stover for Enhancing Enzymatic Saccharification

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.724-725.207 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 724-725 ◽

pp. 207-211 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Hai Song Wang ◽

Hong Ling Gao ◽

Bin Li ◽

Xin Dong Mu

Keyword(s):

Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽

Corn Stover ◽

Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽

Enzymatic Saccharification ◽

Reducing Sugar ◽

Sugar Yield ◽

Alkaline Pretreatment ◽

Two Stage ◽

Glucose Yield ◽

Second Stage

For the enzymatic saccharification of lignocellulosic biomass, single acid or alkaline pretreatment is not satisfactory because of the low sugar yields together with the neutralization of residual chemicals before enzymatic hydrolysis. Herein, an acid-alkaline two-stage pretreatment process was designed to treat corn stover. During the process, the pretreated liquid from the first stage and the solid residues from the second stage were mixed together for the subsequent simultaneous enzymatic hydrolysis, where a mixture of cellulase with an activity loading of 20 FPU/g substrate, cellobiase with an activity loading of 5 U/g substrate, and xylanase with an activity loading of 200 U/g substrate was used. Compared to the single acid or alkaline pretreatment, the acid-alkaline two-stage pretreatment could significantly improve the enzymatic saccharification, and 91.2% glucose yield with 52.56% of the theoretical total reducing sugar yield was achieved after the subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis.

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Effect of Hydrolysis on Tannin and Carotenoid Contents, and Antioxidant Activity of Pouteria campechiana

International Journal of Agricultural Sciences ◽

10.25077/ijasc.4.1.1-7.2020 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Hien Xuan Tran ◽

Huong Lien Huynh ◽

Thanh Trung Nguyen

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Food Industry ◽

Enzyme Concentration ◽

Scientific Data ◽

Hydrolysis Time ◽

Ic50 Value ◽

Hydrolysis Temperature ◽

Medicinal Properties ◽

Highly Correlated ◽

Hydrolysis Conditions

The medicinal properties of Pouteria campechiana fruit in Vietnam currently have not been studied much. This study was conducted to evaluate hydrolysis's effect on the carotenoid, tannin, and antioxidant activity through the correlation between IC50 and TPC values of Pouteria campechiana extract. This study examined hydrolysis conditions, such as enzyme type, enzyme concentration, temperature, and hydrolysis time. Experimental results showed that at pectinase enzyme concentration of 0.6 wt%, cellulase enzyme concentration of 0.6 wt%, at hydrolysis temperature of 600C, and 65 minutes for hydrolysis, the study found carotenoid of 115.14±4.14 (µg/g) and tannin of 45.88±2.37 (mgTAE/g)in the extract. IC50 value (7.82±0.21 mg/mL) and TPC content were highly correlated (R2=0.98). This study's results contributed to the provision of valuable scientific data on Pouteria campechiana fruit, especially for the food industry

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Optimization of Oyster (Crassostrea talienwhanensis) Protein Hydrolysates Using Response Surface Methodology

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules25122844 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (12) ◽

pp. 2844 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Xueqin Wang ◽

Huahua Yu ◽

Ronge Xing ◽

Song Liu ◽

Xiaolin Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Response Surface Methodology ◽

Response Surface ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Enzyme Concentration ◽

Degree Of Hydrolysis ◽

Hydrolysis Time ◽

Hydrolysis Temperature ◽

Hydrolysis Conditions ◽

Different Response

Oyster (Crassostrea talienwhanensis) protein was hydrolyzed by trypsin to produce peptides with different response values, and response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to optimize the hydrolysis conditions. The highest degree of hydrolysis (DH) of the oyster peptide (OP) was obtained at an enzyme concentration of 1593.2 U/g, a pH of 8.2, a hydrolysis temperature of 40.1 °C, a hydrolysis time of 6.0 h, and a water/material ratio of 8.2. The greatest hydroxyl-radical-scavenging activity of OP was obtained at an enzyme concentration of 1546.3 U/g, a pH of 9.0, a hydrolysis temperature of 50.2 °C, a hydrolysis time of 5.1 h, and a water/material ratio of 5.6. The largest branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) content of OP was obtained at an enzyme concentration of 1323.8 U/g, a pH of 8.3, a hydrolysis temperature of 41.7 °C, a hydrolysis time of 6.7 h, and a water/material ratio of 4.8. The three experimental values were significantly in agreement with the predicted values within the 95% confidence interval. Furthermore, ultrafiltration and chromatographic methods were used to purify the OP, and 13 peptides that were rich in Lys, Arg, His, and Thr were identified by LC-MS/MS. The results of this study offer different optimum hydrolysis conditions to produce target peptides from oyster protein by using RSM, and this study provide a theoretical basis for the high-value utilization of oyster protein.

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Functional and Antioxidant Properties of Angelwing Clam (Phplas orientalis) Hydrolysate Produced using Alcalase

Scientific Research Journal ◽

10.24191/srj.v11i1.9399 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 29

Author(s):

Nonnah Ismail ◽

Juliana Mahmod ◽

Awatif Khairul Fatihin Mustafa Kamal

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Enzyme Concentration ◽

Degree Of Hydrolysis ◽

Emulsifying Properties ◽

Hydrolysis Time ◽

Chelating Activity ◽

Metal Chelating ◽

Metal Chelating Activity ◽

Intermediate Concentration ◽

As Solubility

In this study, Hydrolysate from angelwing clam (Pholas orientalis) was produced at 0, 1, 2 and 3 hrs and E/S ratio of0.5 and 3%using alcalase where the pH and temperature were kept constant at pH 8.5 and 60°C, respectively. The hydrolysates were analysed for antioxidant and functional properties such as solubility, emulsifying properties and water and oil holding capacity. Degree of hydrolysis (DH), yield, functional and antioxidant properties were influenced by the hydrolysis time and E/S ratio. Higher enzyme concentration (E/S 3%) and longer hydrolysis time increased the DH. Yield was higher at E/S 3% but reduced with hydrolysis time. Longer hydrolysis time produced more soluble hydrolysate and higher metal chelating activity but lower in emulsifying properties and DPPH activity. Higher enzyme concentration resulted in increase only in solubility and metal chelating activity. This study revealed that enzymatic hydrolysis using alcalase should be performed at shorter hydrolysis time using intermediate concentration of enzyme (E/S between 0.5 to 3%) in order to produce angelwing clam hydrolysate with collectively good functional and antioxidant properties.

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