scholarly journals GEOCHEMICAL AND ECOTOXICOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF AN ESTUARINE SEDIMENT SECTION AT PACOTI RIVER/CE, BRAZIL

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 151
Author(s):  
Ivanildo Surini De Souza ◽  
Priscila Araújo Da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Marine Invertebrates ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Sediment Toxicity ◽  
Sediment Quality ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Sources Of Pollution ◽  
Toxic Risk ◽  
Contaminant Sources ◽  
Moderate Change

Pacoti estuary is located on the East coast of Ceará State/Brazil and is influenced by several sources of pollution. The sediment quality in three sampling stations was evaluated through an integrated approach. The sediments obtained were analyzed geochemically with respect to texture, organic matter, phosphorus, nitrogen and concentration of metals (Fe, Pb, Cu and Zn). Additionally, the metal loading in the sediment was determined considering a toxic risk quotient (RQ) and enrichment factor (EF). The ecotoxicological approach consisted of acute and chronic toxicity tests with species of marine invertebrates. The geochemical and ecotoxicological data were integrated using qualitative and technical criteria for multivariate analysis. The analyses showed a moderate change in the quality of the sediment Pacoti and there are influences of different contaminant sources. For this reason, one cannot disregard the input of other contaminants, not measured in this study, which probably may also have been relevant for sediment toxicity.  Nonetheless, the data suggest that Pb and Cu metals as well as N tended to quality degradation in depositional areas and the sediment had some influence on the biological effects observed.

scholarly journals Chaetoceros gracilis AS A BIOINDICATOR OF SEDIMENT QUALITY

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachma Puspitasari ◽  
Lestari Lestari
Keyword(s):  
Toxicity Test ◽  
Sediment Toxicity ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Sediment Quality ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Sediment Toxicity Test ◽  
Chaetoceros Gracilis ◽  
Sediment Toxicity Tests ◽  
Primary Producer

Chronic sediment toxicity tests could be used to evaluate the effects of sediment on critical stages in the life of an organism like invertebrate larvae and microalgae. Microalgae play an important role in aquatic ecosystem due to their role as producer in food chain producing organic matter and oxygen through photosynthesis process. This paper aimed to assess sediment quality of Semarang water using chronic sediment toxicity test. Research was conducted by testing 13 sediment samples from Semarang coastal region in August, 2010. Results showed that sediments exposed for 96 hours were still able to stimulate the growth of C. gracilis eventhough the copper concentration was above standard value provided by the CCME. The conclusion from this research was that sediment in Semarang still in good condition and can support growth of C. gracilis as primary producer. Chronic sediment toxicity test using C. gracilis could be combined with heavy metal measurement for sediment quality asessment. Keywords: sediment, bioindicator, diatomae, C. gracilis, chronic toxicity, Semarang

Using Benthic Assessment Techniques To Determine Combined Sewer Overflow and Stormwater Impacts in the Aquatic Ecosystem

2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Q. Rochfort ◽  
L. Grapentine ◽  
J. Marsalek ◽  
B. Brownlee ◽  
T. Reynoldson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Effects ◽  
Sediment Toxicity ◽  
Benthic Communities ◽  
Toxicity Testing ◽  
Benthic Invertebrate ◽  
Complete Characterization ◽  
Sediment Chemistry ◽  
Combined Sewer Overflows ◽  
Sources Of Pollution ◽  
Combined Sewer

Abstract Urban wet-weather sources of pollution such as Stormwater and combined sewer overflows (CSOs) can contribute significantly to the contamination of receiving waters, particularly in sediment depositional areas near outfalls. Analyses of sediment chemistry alone are not sufficient to fully assess the effects of these discharges. Toxicity testing and evaluations of benthic invertebrate communities, in conjunction with chemical analyses, provide a more complete characterization. This study assessed relationships among three separate aspects of the benthic environment:sediment chemistry (metals, PAHs and nutrients) and particle size, sediment toxicity (ten endpoints with four benthic taxa), and benthic invertebrate community structure. In this initial survey, ten sites in five different study areas, representing a range of receiving water environments exposed to Stormwater and CSO discharges, were sampled in October 1998. Results of analyses indicated that while contaminant (metals and PAHs) concentrations were relatively high in sediments, biological effects were not evident Toxicity of sediments was low and altered benthic communities were not detected. Neither toxicity endpoints nor benthic community descriptors were related to sediment contaminant levels. To improve the power of these assessments, future investigations of Stormwater and CSO discharge impacts should use “upstream/downstream” sampling designs and study sites with minimal variability of habitat conditions.

Identifying cause in sediment assessments: bioavailability and the Sediment Quality Triad

2001 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 950-960 ◽  
Author(s):  
U Borgmann ◽  
W P Norwood ◽  
T B Reynoldson ◽  
F Rosa
Keyword(s):  
Benthic Invertebrates ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Sediment Toxicity ◽  
Sediment Quality ◽  
Sediment Chemistry ◽  
Metal Bioavailability ◽  
Sediment Quality Triad ◽  
Overlying Water ◽  
Biological Impacts

Application of the Sediment Quality Triad approach to non-pH-stressed Sudbury area lakes clearly demonstrated increased metal (Cd, Co, Cu, and Ni) contamination, decreased abundances of some benthic invertebrates (amphipods, pisidiid clams, and tanytarsiid midges), and severe sediment toxicity to amphipods and mayflies. However, the bioavailability of metals and the cause of biological effects cannot be identified from these data. Bioaccumulation measurements, however, clearly demonstrated increased Cd, Co, and Ni bioavailability to Hyalella. Copper concentrations in Hyalella were not elevated, in spite of much higher sediment Cu concentrations. Nickel was the only metal accumulated in sufficient amounts to cause toxicity. Toxicity in Hyalella caged above the sediments was equivalent to that of animals exposed directly in sediment, demonstrating that effects were due to dissolved metal and not metals in the solid phase. Copper concentrations in overlying water were much lower than Ni concentrations and insufficient to account for toxicity. Including bioaccumulation data with traditional measurements of sediment chemistry, benthic community composition, and sediment toxicity allows quantification of metal bioavailability and identification of the cause of toxicity. This approach results in a much more complete assessment of the biological impacts of metals in sediments.

scholarly journals Study of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon contamination in sediments and northern waters Lebanon: Rivers, transition zones and port sites.

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-372
Author(s):  
H. Amine ◽  
◽  
J. Halwani ◽  
E. Gomez ◽  
F. Merhabi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Sediment Toxicity ◽  
Sediment Quality ◽  
Quality Criteria ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Hydrocarbon Contamination ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Transition Zones ◽  
Untreated Wastewater

Contamination of the marine environment is associated with continental activities, marine activities and accidental spills. Providing answers to the origin of the contamination ofthe aquatic environment by PAHsis an objective of the present work. The originality of this work is to study pollutants in two types of matrix (water and sediments) during2 seasons (dry and wet) for an environmental monitoringof 6 years. This study provides a more complete overview of the state of contaminationin three coastal rivers, their transition zones and harborsin the Eastern Mediterranean following the Jiyyeh oil spill in 2006.Contaminantsconcentrations wereexpressed asthe sum of the 16 PAHs classified as prority substances by the United StatesEnvironmental Protection Agency(US-EPA). Overall,contamination was noted for all the analyzedsites. Oil spill seem to be one of the main sources of pollution in the area, as the highest levels of PAH(> 9000 ng.g-1s.w&> 8000 ng.L-1) were reported in the coastal environment of the three rivers and harbors.High levels of PAHswere also observed in rivers transitional zones, revealing the importance of terrestrial inputs (untreated wastewater discharge, leachate, solid wastes, etc.).Comparing the PAHsconcentrations measured in the sediments of the sitesanalyzed with the empirical sediment quality criteria "SQG" for the support of the general assessment of sediment toxicity, we can notice that some individual PAHand their sum can present a significant ecotoxicological risk to aquatic organisms. Further research through monitoring campaigns and toxicity tests is encouraged, as the exposure of the resident aquatic organisms and human population to these chemicals might be expected to increase over the years.

Use and limitations of microbial bioassays for assessing copper bioavailability in the aquatic environment

2000 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 255-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
J L Stauber ◽  
C M Davies
Keyword(s):  
Natural Waters ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Sediment Quality ◽  
Copper Toxicity ◽  
Aquatic Systems ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Test Species ◽  
Guideline Values ◽  
Copper Bioavailability

Although chemical measurement techniques and geochemical speciation modelling may detect and predict the different forms of copper in aquatic systems and hence provide some information about the likely toxicity of the water to aquatic organisms, they do not give direct quantitative data on adverse biological effects. Bioassays or toxicity tests are generic tests that use living organisms as indicators of contaminant bioavailability in aquatic systems. The microbial community, including protozoa, algae, bacteria, and fungi, provides a useful tool for directly assessing the hazard of copper in natural ecosystems. Most of our information on copper toxicity in aquatic systems comes from single-species tests using cultured organisms. However, whole community bioassays with natural phytoplankton and bacterial populations are finding increasing use. Although laboratory toxicity tests using ionic copper spiked into pristine seawater or synthetic softwater provide information on copper toxicity under controlled conditions, their usefulness for estimating bioavailable copper is limited in natural waters, where copper toxicity is ameliorated by complexation and adsorption. Careful selection of appropriately sensitive test species, bioassay endpoints, and test protocols is necessary to ensure the environmental relevance of the bioassays used. An understanding of metal speciation, metal-cell binding, mechanisms of toxicity, and limitations of the bioassays is required to understand copper bioavailability in natural waters and sediments. In this review, the use of bioassays with bacteria and microalgae for assessing copper bioavailability in marine and fresh waters and sediments is discussed, with particular emphasis on the limitations of current techniques. There is an urgent need for more environmentally relevant tests with sufficient sensitivity to detect bioavailable copper at concentrations close to water and sediment quality guideline values. Key words: bioassay, copper, metal, bioavailability, toxicity, bacteria, algae.

Contamination and toxicity trends for sediments — case of the elbe river

1998 ◽  
Vol 37 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 95-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Heininger ◽  
J. Pelzer ◽  
E. Claus ◽  
P. Tippmann
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Toxicity ◽  
Sediment Quality ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Reference Sites ◽  
Case Scenario ◽  
Elbe River ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Seasonal Factors ◽  
River Elbe ◽  
The Elbe River

The paper deals with sediment studies in the Upper and Middle Elbe between 1991 and 1996. Hydrological and seasonal factors are discussed with respect to trends in sediment contamination. An investigation programme is described including periodical measurements of inorganic and organic pollutants at monitoring stations as well as in-depth case studies. In these studies reference sites represent background conditions. Heavily contaminated reaches are taken as the worst case scenario. An integrated approach is applied combining chemical and ecotoxicological investigations. Factors are defined which must be taken into account in order to draw reliable conclusions for sediment quality. Contamination trends and trends in sediment toxicity are derived for the river Elbe.

scholarly journals The effects of sediment quality on benthic macroinvertebrates in the River Murray, Australia

2009 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 70 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. R. Townsend ◽  
V. J. Pettigrove ◽  
M. E. Carew ◽  
A. A. Hoffmann
Keyword(s):  
Biological Effects ◽  
Sediment Toxicity ◽  
Sediment Quality ◽  
River System ◽  
Sediment Pollution ◽  
Sediment Chemistry ◽  
Spatial Correlations ◽  
Aquatic Communities ◽  
Microcosm Experiment ◽  
The Impact

Aquatic sediments act as a sink for pollutants that potentially impact on aquatic communities. However, spatial correlations between pollution, hydrology, catchment disturbance and other factors make it difficult to determine the impact of sediment pollution. Field-based microcosm experiments utilising aquatic macroinvertebrates are one approach to isolating the biological effects of sediment pollution on aquatic biota. A field-based microcosm experiment was used to assess the effects of sediment from 14 sites along the River Murray system, Australia. Aquatic ecosystem declines have been observed in this river, but few studies have investigated the quality of its sediments or their biological impact. Chironomidae (midge larvae) dominated the microcosm experiment and were useful as bioindicators of sediment quality. Community composition, high incidences of larval mouthpart deformities in Procladius paludicola and skewed sex ratios in Tanytarsus fuscithorax indicated sediments from irrigation districts were having a toxic effect, but only nutrients were detected at biologically relevant concentrations and these did not correlate with species responses. The present study showed that the biological endpoints used in the microcosm approach can elucidate sediment toxicity even in the absence of supporting sediment chemistry and could successfully be applied to examine changes in sediment quality along a river system.

Comparative Study of the Sediment-Toxicity Index, Benthic Community Metrics and Contaminant Concentrations

2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 753-780 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manon Bombardier ◽  
Christian Blaise
Keyword(s):  
Benthic Community ◽  
Sediment Toxicity ◽  
Sediment Quality ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Freshwater Sediments ◽  
Test Species ◽  
Hazard Potential ◽  
Wiener Diversity Index ◽  
Sediment Toxicity Tests ◽  
Community Metrics

Abstract This paper demonstrates how a new tool for integrating the results of a battery of sediment toxicity tests can be effective in assessing the relative toxic potential of freshwater sediments to aquatic organisms. This tool, called the Sediment-Toxicity (SED-TOX) Index, was applied to laboratory toxicity data derived from two larger projects conducted on freshwater sediments. The SED-TOX Index generates a single value that represents all the results of the different STTs on a common, easily interpreted scale. The SED-TOX results were tentatively correlated with four benthic community metrics (species richness, number of taxa in the orders Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera, the Shannon-Wiener diversity index, and the ICI-SL, which is a version of the invertebrate community index modified for the St. Lawrence River) and levels of sediment contamination. Although not significant (p = 0.07), SED-TOX scores were most closely related with ICI-SL values; high SED-TOX scores (≥2.0) were always associated with lower ICI-SL scores (<8), which suggests benthos degradation. Agreement was observed between chemistry and SED-TOX results in extreme situations. Indeed, 70% of the sites showing a high hazard potential (≥2.0) in the SED-TOX Index had mean sediment quality guideline (SQG) quotients >5, while 86% of those with a marginal SED-TOX score (0.1 to 0.9) had mean SQG quotients <1. The SED-TOX Index was useful for discriminating sediments based on their hazard potential to a variety of test species and for predicting most (but not all) of the extreme chemistry and benthic community results.

scholarly journals Chaetoceros gracilis AS A BIOINDICATOR OF SEDIMENT QUALITY

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachma Puspitasari ◽  
Lestari Lestari
Keyword(s):  
Toxicity Test ◽  
Sediment Toxicity ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Sediment Quality ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Sediment Toxicity Test ◽  
Chaetoceros Gracilis ◽  
Sediment Toxicity Tests ◽  
Primary Producer

<p>Chronic sediment toxicity tests could be used to evaluate the effects of sediment on critical stages in the life of an organism like invertebrate larvae and microalgae. Microalgae play an important role in aquatic ecosystem due to their role as producer in food chain producing organic matter and oxygen through photosynthesis process. This paper aimed to assess sediment quality of Semarang water using chronic sediment toxicity test. Research was conducted by testing 13 sediment samples from Semarang coastal region in August, 2010. Results showed that sediments exposed for 96 hours were still able to stimulate the growth of <span style="text-decoration: underline;">C</span>. <span style="text-decoration: underline;">gracilis</span> eventhough the copper concentration was above standard value provided by the CCME. The conclusion from this research was that sediment in Semarang still in good condition and can support growth of C. gracilis as primary producer. Chronic sediment toxicity test using C. gracilis could be combined with heavy metal measurement for sediment quality asessment.</p> <p>Keywords: sediment, bioindicator, diatomae, <span style="text-decoration: underline;">C.</span> <span style="text-decoration: underline;">gracilis</span>, chronic toxicity, Semarang</p>

scholarly journals Potential Use of the Benthic Foraminifers Bulimina denudata and Eggerelloides advenus in Marine Sediment Toxicity Testing

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 775
Author(s):  
Mary McGann
Keyword(s):  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Marine Sediment ◽  
Sediment Toxicity ◽  
Toxicity Testing ◽  
Fertilization Success ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Sediment Chemistry ◽  
Benthic Foraminifers ◽  
Sediment Toxicity Tests ◽  
Unionized Ammonia

The benthic foraminifers Bulimina denudata and Eggerelloides advenus are commonly abundant in offshore regions in the Pacific Ocean, especially in waste-discharge sites. The relationship between their abundance and standard macrofaunal sediment toxicity tests (amphipod survival and sea urchin fertilization) as well as sediment chemistry analyte measurements were determined for sediments collected in 1997 in Santa Monica Bay, California, USA, an area impacted by historical sewage input from the Hyperion Outfall primarily since the late 1950s. Very few surface samples proved to be contaminated based on either toxicity or chemistry tests and the abundance of B. denudata did not correlate with any of these. The abundance of E. advenus also did not correlate with toxicity, but positively correlated with total solids and negatively correlated with arsenic, beryllium, chromium, lead, mercury, nickel, zinc, iron, and TOC. In contrast, several downcore samples proved to be contaminated as indicated by both toxicity and chemistry data. The abundance of B.denudata positively correlated with amphipod survival and negatively correlated with arsenic, cadmium, unionized ammonia, and TOC; E. advenus negatively correlated with sea urchin fertilization success as well as beryllium, cadmium, and total PCBs. As B. denudata and E. advenus are tolerant of polluted sediments and their relative abundances appear to track those of macrofaunal toxicity tests, their use as cost- and time-effective marine sediment toxicity tests may have validity and should be further investigated.

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