Fungi for Biological Control of Weedy Cyperaceae, With Emphasis on Purple and Yellow Nutsedges (Cyperus rotundus and C. esculentus)

2005 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 148-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo J. Morales-Payan ◽  
Raghavan Charudattan ◽  
William M. Stall
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus

scholarly journals Research Note: Histopathology of Puccinia philippinensis Syd. & P. Syd, A Fungus that Causes Leaf Rust

2016 ◽  
pp. 221-228
Author(s):  
Dindo King Donayre ◽  
Lucille Minguez
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Rust Fungus ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
The Other ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Lower Epidermis ◽  
Rust Disease ◽  
Rapid Production ◽  
Leaf Tissues

Cyperus rotundus L., popularly known as purple nuts edge, mutha or barsanga, is a weed problem in most crop productions due to its prolific underground parts that permit rapid production of multiple young sprouts in the soil. Yield losses in many crops due to competition by C.rotundus range from 35 to 90%. Puccinia philippinensis, on the other hand, is a potential biological control against C. rotundus. Its anatomy of infection inside tissues of the weed, however, is still very much unexplored. This study was conducted to determine the histopathology of leaf rust disease caused by P. philippinensis inside leaf tissues of C. rotundus. Methods such as staining, embedding, and mounting of leaves with structures of the rust fungus were conducted using the standard staining equipment, glasswares, and chemicals. Microscopic examination revealed that the histopathology of rust disease in leaves of C. rotundus started with swelling due to the development of P. philippinensis’s uredinium in the lower epidermis. The event was followed by the development of numerous urediniospores that came from the uredinia. Lower epidermis of C. rotundus was ruptured due to pressing and pushing out of the urediniospores. Urediniospores of P. philippinensis were sub-globose to globose in shape measuring 13 x 16 μ spores-1.

scholarly journals PATOGENISITAS JAMUR KARAT (PUCCINIA PHILIPPINENSIS Syd.), PADA GULMA TEKI (CYPERUS ROTUNDUS L.)

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-148
Author(s):  
M.T. Fauzi
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Disease Progression ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Rust Fungus ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Spore Density ◽  
Factorial Experiments ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
The University

The pathogenicity of a rust fungus (Puccinia philippinensis Syd.), on purple nutsedges (Cyperus rotundus L.). A research aimed at understanding the pathogenicity of a rust fungus (Puccinia philippinensis Syd.), a potential biological control agent of purple nutsedges (Cyperus rotundus L.) had been conducted in a glasshouse of Faculty of Agriculture the University of Mataram. These factorial experiments designed according to Randomized Completely Design (CRD) and consisted of spore density and time of application. Spore density treatments consisted of 0, 5000, 10 000, 15 000, 20 000, 25 000, or 30 000 spore/mL applied either in the morning or in the afternoon. The results showed that the higher the spore density, the higher the number of pustules formed, the higher the disese intensity, and the faster the disease progressed. Urediniospores applied in the afternoon produced more pustules, higher disease intensity, and faster disease progression compare to those applied in the morning.

Interactions betweenBactra verutanaand the Development of Purple Nutsedge(Cyperus rotundus)Grown Under Three Temperature Regimes

Weed Science ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 550-553 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. E. Frick ◽  
R. D. Williams ◽  
R. F. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Larval Feeding ◽  
Purple Nutsedge ◽  
Temperature Regimes

For effective biological control through augmentation,Bactra verutanaZeller, would have to be released against purple nutsedge(Cyperus rotundusL.) in May and June when temperatures are cooler than they are from late July through September when maximal natural populations of this biological control agent occur.Bactralarvae exposed to simulated mid-May (24/13 C) and mid-June (29/18 C) temperature regimes developed more slowly than larvae exposed to the mid-July (32/26 C) temperature regime, but nutsedge plant growth was also slower. Thus, the relative amounts of feeding injury were similar at all three regimes. Larval feeding generally increased the number of shoots slightly, but not significantly, reduced significantly the production of inflorescences, and reduced the weight of total dry matter produced between 28 and 49%.

Comparative Biocontrol of Purple Nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus)and Yellow Nutsedge (C. esculentus)withBactra verutanaunder Greenhouse Conditions

Weed Science ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 178-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. E. Frick ◽  
R. D. Williams ◽  
P. C. Quimby ◽  
R. F. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Shoot Density ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Larval Feeding ◽  
Purple Nutsedge ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge

Purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundusL.) and yellow nutsedge (C. esculentusL.) appeared to be equally acceptable for oviposition by cagedBactra verutanaZeller, but purple nutsedge was significantly more suitable as a host: 90% of the larvae survived to maturity on purple nutsedge compared with 65% on yellow nutsedge. Responses of the plant species to both larval feeding injury and plant density were similar but purple nutsedge tended to be injured more than yellow nutsedge. At a high shoot density (nine shoots per pot), production of tubers by purple nutsedge was more adversely affected by feeding of five larvae per shoot than was production by yellow nutsedge: tuber dry weights were reduced 93 and 80% and numbers of tubers per pot were reduced 77 and 62%, respectively. Production of inflorescences was greatly reduced in both species. The effect ofB. verutanaon inflorescences may be more important for yellow nutsedge, which is generally considered to reproduce freely by seeds. Both species of nutsedge probably would be about equally affected by augmentation ofB. verutanapopulations as a method of biological control.

Electron investigations of rhabdovirus-like particles in mexican bean beetles and crickets

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 378-379
Author(s):  
J. R. Adams ◽  
G. J Tompkins ◽  
A. M. Heimpel ◽  
E. Dougherty
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Acheta Domesticus ◽  
Epilachna Varivestis ◽  
House Cricket ◽  
Similar Morphology ◽  
Bean Beetle

As part of a continual search for potential pathogens of insects for use in biological control or on an integrated pest management program, two bacilliform virus-like particles (VLP) of similar morphology have been found in the Mexican bean beetle Epilachna varivestis Mulsant and the house cricket, Acheta domesticus (L. ).Tissues of diseased larvae and adults of E. varivestis and all developmental stages of A. domesticus were fixed according to procedures previously described. While the bean beetles displayed no external symptoms, the diseased crickets displayed a twitching and shaking of the metathoracic legs and a lowered rate of activity.Examinations of larvae and adult Mexican bean beetles collected in the field in 1976 and 1977 in Maryland and field collected specimens brought into the lab in the fall and reared through several generations revealed that specimens from each collection contained vesicles in the cytoplasm of the midgut filled with hundreds of these VLP's which were enveloped and measured approximately 16-25 nm x 55-110 nm, the shorter VLP's generally having the greater width (Fig. 1).

Cost-Benefit Reasoning About Biological Control

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew E. Monroe ◽  
Corinne Zimmerman
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Cost Benefit

Yellow Brazilian Pepper-tree Leaf Galler (suggested common name) Calophya latiforceps Burckhardt (Insecta: Hemiptera: Calophyidae: Calophyinae)

EDIS ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
James P. Cuda ◽  
Patricia Prade ◽  
Carey R. Minteer-Killian
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
North America ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Classical Biological Control ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Pepper Tree ◽  
Brazilian Pepper ◽  
Close Relatives ◽  
Tree Leaf

In the late 1970s, Brazilian peppertree, Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi (Sapindales: Anacardiaceae), was targeted for classical biological control in Florida because its invasive properties (see Host Plants) are consistent with escape from natural enemies (Williams 1954), and there are no native Schinus spp. in North America. The lack of native close relatives should minimize the risk of damage to non-target plants from introduced biological control agents (Pemberton 2000). [...]

Biological control of postharvest fungal rots of rosaceous fruits using microbial antagonists and plant extracts - a review.

2016 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shazia Parveen ◽  
Abdul Hamid Wani ◽  
Mohd Yaqub Bhat ◽  
Jahangir Abdullah Koka
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Plant Extracts
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