scholarly journals Preparation, characterization, and evaluation of polymeric resin (BHMET) from the reaction of malic anhydride with recycled PET as a corrosion inhibitor for Csteel in HCl

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Yasir A ◽  
Khalaf A ◽  
Khalaf M
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Inhibitor ◽  
Soft Drink ◽  
Ester Group ◽  
Material Surface ◽  
Chemical Recycling ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Recycled Pet ◽  
Pet Bottles ◽  
Catalyst Temperature ◽  
Corrosion Mechanisms

Introduction: The plastic soft drink bottle from polyethylene terephthalate (PET) was introduced to consumers in 1970s. Because PET have ester group its chemical recycling is preferred. To control and reducethe environmental pollution recycling and reusing of PET has turned into an imperative procedure from the ecological perspective and it has given business opportunity because of far reaching use and accessibilityof PET polymer. Also another source of pollution to the environment was the corrosion of materials. Corrosion is the deterioration and loss of a material and its critical properties due to chemical, electrochemical and other reactions of the exposed material surface with the surrounding environment. Understanding corrosion mechanisms allow to use corrosion-resistant materials and altering designs. Organic inhibitors are very efficient to protect the metals from corrosion in all chemicals (acidic, basic and salt) media. There were many types of corrosion inhibitors and the organic inhibitor are being applied widely to protect metals from corrosion in many aggressive media. The aim of this study is to utilize waste PET-bottles will be depolarized by 2,2-dithioethanol to produce (Bis(2-((2-hydroxyethyl) thio) ethyl) terephthalate (BHTE), then by reacting of (BHTE) with maleic anhydride to produce Bis (2-((6-Mono malic acid –hydroxyethyl ester) sulfanyl) ethyl terephthalate(BHMET). The prepared (BHMET) will be used as corrosion inhibitor andits efficiency to protect the carbon steel in acidic will be assessed. Materials and Methods: Depolymerization of PET waste done with 2,2-dithioethanol. The weight proportion of PET to 2,2-dithioethanol 1:8 (wt%) and zinc acetate (0.5 wt% based on PET) was added as catalyst. Temperature of the reaction mixture was between 160-180 oC for 12 h, then the reaction mixture was kept at 140 oC for 3 h, then allowed to cool to room temperature. With vigorous agitation distilled water in excess to the reaction mixture to allow the black liquid viscous compound oligomer of Bis(2-((2-hydroxyethyl) thio) ethyl terephthalate (BHET) to precipitate. In a three neck round bottom (250 ml) attached with mechanical stirrer and thermometer (5.7gm) of (BHET) compound was added and heated for (15 min.) at (60 OC). Then (2.5gm) of malic anhydride and (1%) sulfuric acid was added. By the mechanical stirrer the mixture was mixed for (50 min.) at temperature (80OC). After the reaction the mixture was washed with distilled water to avoid the acid residue. Scheme (1) shows the mechanism for the prepared (BHMET) corrosion inhibitor.

Crosslinking and Reinforcement of PET/TiO2/Clay Composites for Pavement Applications

2010 ◽  
Vol 168-170 ◽  
pp. 2340-2343
Author(s):  
Angelica Silvestre Lopez Rodriguez ◽  
Pio Sifuentes-Gallardo ◽  
Carolina Sorto Castañon ◽  
Laura Lorena Díaz Flores ◽  
Miguel Angel Hernández Rivera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Soxhlet Extraction ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Chemical Recycling ◽  
Recycled Pet ◽  
Pet Bottles ◽  
Crosslinked Polymer ◽  
Concrete Materials ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

This project studies the alternative chemical recycling of disposable bottles as raw material for the manufacture of a product known as polymeric concrete, which has several applications in the construction industry. Crosslinked materials from polyethylene terephthalate (PET), glycerol and clay were obtained. First recycled PET bottles were washed, cut and dried; after bis-hydroxyethyl terephthalate monomer was obtained from depolimerization reaction of PET. The monomer, glycerol and titanium dioxide reacts to synthesize a polymeric concrete. Materials with concentrations of clay from 1, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50%w/w were obtained. Differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), Soxhlet extraction, colorimetry and Shore D hardness were used to characterize the materials. The results indicated a degree of crosslinking in the synthesized material when the amount of clay was increased. A melting point around 265 °C was not observed by DSC analysis; this suggests that a crosslinked material was formed. By TGA analysis temperature degradation was observed at 394°C, which it was increasing from 408 to 416°C according to the addition of clay content. A bad dispersion of particles in the crosslinked polymer decreased the thermal stability of PET when the clay content was increased.

Physical Properties of PP/Recycled PET Blends Prepared by Pulverization Technique

2012 ◽  
Vol 488-489 ◽  
pp. 109-113
Author(s):  
Pranut Potiyaraj ◽  
Supachok Tanpichai ◽  
Prompoom Phanwiroj
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Soft Drink ◽  
Melt Flow Index ◽  
Lower Amount ◽  
Flow Index ◽  
Polymer Mixtures ◽  
Recycled Pet ◽  
Pet Bottles ◽  
Polyethylene Wax ◽  
Processing Techniques

Polymer blends between pristine polypropylene (PP) and post-consumer soft-drink PET bottles (rPET) were prepared using pulverization technique. The polymer mixtures were pulverized, at the amounts of rPET in PP of 0, 10, 15, 20 and 30 phr (parts per hundred of resin) by weight, into powder. In an extruder, the polymer powders were mixed with maleic anhydride-grafted polypropylene (MAPP) and polyethylene wax (PE wax) as a compatibilizer and a processing aid, respectively. The extrudates were prepared into test specimens by injection molding. Physical properties of PP/rPET blends were subsequently investigated. The results pointed out that, for the pulverized blends without compatibilizer, tensile and flexural strength were improved at the lower amount of rPET. The compatibilizing effect of MAPP was exhibited at the higher amount of rPET. The reduction of melt flow index (MFI) may cause difficulties for some processing techniques which required polymers with high MFI. The addition of PE wax successfully brought up the MFI as well as elongation at break while other mechanical properties decreased.

scholarly journals Mechanical Optimization of Concrete with Recycled PET Fibres Based on a Statistical-Experimental Study

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 240
Author(s):  
Alejandro Meza ◽  
Pablo Pujadas ◽  
Laura Montserrat Meza ◽  
Francesc Pardo-Bosch ◽  
Rubén D. López-Carreño
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Aspect Ratio ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Fibre Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Marine Fauna ◽  
Recycled Pet ◽  
Pet Bottles ◽  
Fibre Aspect Ratio

Discarded polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles have damaged our ecosystem. Problems of marine fauna conservation and land fertility have been related to the disposal of these materials. Recycled fibre is an opportunity to reduce the levels of waste in the world and increase the mechanical performance of the concrete. PET as concrete reinforcement has demonstrated ductility and post-cracking strength. However, its performance could be optimized. This study considers a statistical-experimental analysis to evaluate recycled PET fibre reinforced concrete with various fibre dose and aspect ratio. 120 samples were experimented under workability, compressive, flexural, and splitting tensile tests. The results pointed out that the fibre dose has more influence on the responses than its fibre aspect ratio, with statistical relation on the tensional toughness, equivalent flexural strength ratio, volumetric weight, and the number of fibres. Moreover, the fibre aspect ratio has a statistical impact on the tensional toughness. In general, the data indicates that the optimal recycled PET fibre reinforced concrete generates a superior performance than control samples, with an improvement similar to those reinforced with virgin fibres.

scholarly journals Effect of PVP on the characteristic of modified membranes made from waste PET bottles for humic acid removal

F1000Research ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nasrul Arahman ◽  
Afrillia Fahrina ◽  
Sastika Amalia ◽  
Rahmat Sunarya ◽  
Sri Mulyati
Keyword(s):  
Humic Acid ◽  
Pore Structure ◽  
Glass Plate ◽  
Solidification Process ◽  
Porous Membrane ◽  
Membrane Material ◽  
Recycled Pet ◽  
Polymer Waste ◽  
Waste Plastic ◽  
Pet Bottles

Background: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the possibility of using recycled polymer (waste polyethylene terephthalate [PET] bottles) as a membrane material. Furthermore, the effect of the addition of a pore-forming agent and preparation conditions was also observed. Methods: Porous polymeric membranes were prepared via thermally induced phase separation by dissolving recycled PET in phenol. PET polymer was obtained from waste plastic bottles as a new source of polymeric material. For original PET membrane, the casting solution was prepared by dissolving of 20wt% PET in phenol solution. For PET modified membrane, a 5 wt% of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) was added into polymer solution. The solution was cast onto a glass plate at room temperature followed by evaporation before the solidification process. The membranes formed were characterized in terms of morphology, chemical group, and filtration performance. A humic acid solution was used to identify the permeability and the solute rejection of the membranes. Results: The results showed that the recycled PET from waste plastic bottles was applicable to use as a membrane material for a water treatment process. The maximum flux of 97.0 l/m2.hr was obtained from filtration test using PET membrane. The highest rejection of humic acid in a water sample, which reached up to 75.92%, was obtained using the PET/PVP membrane. Conclusions: The recycled PET from waste bottles was successfully used to prepare porous membrane. The membrane was modified by the addition of PVP as a membrane modifying agent. SEM analysis confirmed that the original PET membrane has a rough and large pore structure. The addition of PVP improved the pore density with a narrow pore structure. The PET/PVP membrane conditioned with evaporation was the best in humic acid rejection.

scholarly journals Novel Oligo-Ester-Ether-Diol Prepared by Waste Poly(ethylene terephthalate) Glycolysis and Its Use in Preparing Thermally Stable and Flame Retardant Polyurethane Foam

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cuong N. Hoang ◽  
Chi T. Pham ◽  
Thu M. Dang ◽  
DongQuy Hoang ◽  
Pyoung-Chan Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Polyurethane Foam ◽  
Flame Retardancy ◽  
Ethylene Terephthalate ◽  
Recycled Pet ◽  
Pet Bottles ◽  
Poly Ethylene Terephthalate ◽  
Ul 94 ◽  
Poly Ethylene ◽  
Fire Properties

Rigid polyurethane foam (PUF) was successfully prepared from a novel oligo-ester-ether-diol obtained from the glycolysis of waste poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) bottles via reaction with diethylene glycol (DEG) in the presence of ZnSO4 7H2O. The LC-MS analysis of the oligodiol enabled us to identify 67 chemical homologous structures that were composed of zero to four terephthalate (T) ester units and two to twelve monoethylene glycol (M) ether units. The flame retardant, morphological, compression, and thermal properties of rigid PUFs with and without triphenyl phosphate (TPP) were determined. The Tg values showed that TPP played a role of not only being a flame retardant, but also a plasticizer. PUF with a rather low TPP loading had an excellent flame retardancy and high thermal stability. A loading of 10 wt % TPP not only achieved a UL-94 V-0 rating, but also obtained an LOI value of 21%. Meanwhile, the PUF without a flame retardant did not achieve a UL-94 HB rating; the sample completely burned to the holder clamp and yielded a low LOI value (17%). The fire properties measured with the cone calorimeter were also discussed, and the results further proved that the flame retardancy of the PUF with the addition of TPP was improved significantly. The polymeric material meets the demands of density and compression strength for commercial PUF, as well as the needs of environmental development. The current study may help overcome the drawback of intrinsic high flammability and enlarge the fire safety applications of materials with a high percentage of recycled PET.

scholarly journals Contamination Levels in Recollected PET Bottles from Non-Food Applications and their Impact on the Safety of Recycled PET for Food Contact

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (21) ◽  
pp. 4998
Author(s):  
Roland Franz ◽  
Frank Welle
Keyword(s):  
Safety Concern ◽  
Food Product ◽  
Feed Stream ◽  
Recycled Pet ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Pet Bottles ◽  
Food Contact ◽  
Contamination Levels ◽  
Carry Over ◽  
The Impact

PET beverage bottles have been recycled and safely reprocessed into new food contact packaging applications for over two decades. During recollection of post-consumer PET beverage bottles, PET containers from non-food products are inevitably co-collected and thereby enter the PET recycling feed stream. To explore the impact of this mixing on the safety-in-use of recycled PET (rPET) bottles, we determined the concentrations of post-consumer substances in PET containers used for a range of non-food product applications taken from the market. Based on the chemical nature and amounts of these post-consumer substances, we evaluated their potential carry-over into beverages filled in rPET bottles starting from different fractions of non-food PET in the recollection systems and taking worst-case cleaning efficiencies of super-clean recycling processes into account. On the basis of the Threshold of Toxicological Concern (TTC) concept and Cramer classification tools, we present a risk assessment for potential exposure of the consumer to the identified contaminants as well as unidentified, potentially genotoxic substances in beverages. As a result, a fraction of 5% non-food PET in the recycling feed stream, which is very likely to occur in the usual recollection systems, does not pose any risk to the consumer. Our data show that fractions of up to 20%, which may sporadically be contained in certain, local recollection systems, would also not raise a safety concern.

Chemical Recycling of Waste PET Bottles

2002 ◽  
Vol 2002.12 (0) ◽  
pp. 239-241
Author(s):  
Kazuho TANAKA ◽  
Kenji SUZUKI
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Recycling ◽  
Pet Bottles

Adsorption and corrosion inhibition behavior of aluminium by 2,6-di methyl pyridine in distilled water

2017 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 550-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahman Padash ◽  
Effat Jamalizadeh ◽  
Abdol Hamid Jafari
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Inhibitor ◽  
Corrosion Inhibition ◽  
Potentiodynamic Polarization ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Inhibitor Molecule ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Mixed Type Inhibitor ◽  
Methyl Pyridine

Purpose Chemical and electrochemical measurements were used to study the corrosion inhibition of aluminium in distilled water using one of pyridine derivatives as corrosion inhibitor. Design/methodology/approach Corrosion inhibition of aluminum in distilled water was investigated in the absence and presence of different concentrations of 2,6-di methyl pyridine (DMP). Potentiodynamic polarization, open circuit potential and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy were employed. Findings Inhibition efficiency of 86 per cent is reached with 0.0187 M of DMP at 25°C. Potentiodynamic polarization showed that DMP behaves as mixed type inhibitor. The inhibitor obeyed the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The value of ΔG°ads suggests physico-chemical adsorption of the inhibitor molecule on the aluminium surface. Originality/value This paper indicates DMP could be used as corrosion inhibitor to prevent the corrosion of aluminium in in distilled water.

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