scholarly journals Immunization and Immunization Coverage According to National Immunization Schedule for Children Population: Cross-Sectional Multi-Centre Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-117
Author(s):  
L. S. Namazova-Baranova ◽  
M. V. Fedoseenko ◽  
P. R. Grinchik ◽  
A. A. Girina ◽  
S. V. Kovalev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Pneumococcal Infection ◽  
Immunization Coverage ◽  
Immunization Schedule ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Multi Centre Study ◽  
Immunization Rates ◽  
National Immunization ◽  
Preventive Vaccination ◽  
Children Development

Background. Monitoring of documented vaccination is one of the indicators of the epidemiological supervision quality of preventive vaccination. It is crucial for epidemical situation prevention. Objective. The aim of the study is to estimate immunization and immunization coverage levels according to National Immunization Schedule (NIS) for children population in Russia. Methods. Immunization rates were estimated according to preventive vaccination cards (form №063/y) and children development cards (form №112/y) among children aged from 6 months to 15 years in 8 towns of Russia. Immunization was determined by the ratio of people who has fully performed all the vaccines from NIS (version of the year 2014), while immunization coverage – by the ratio people who has received at least one dose of corresponding vaccine. Results. The study has included data from 2,687 vaccinated children. The highest levels of immunization and immunization coverage were against tuberculosis (98.1% each), hepatitis B (85.9% and 96.5%), measles, mumps and rubella (84.4% and 93.9%). Immunization against diphtheria, pertussis and tetanus significantly differed from their immunization coverage (60.5% and 94.9%), as well as for poliomyelitis (65.0% and 94.9%). Relatively low immunization and immunization coverage levels were observed for pneumococcal infection (27.6% and 47.1%) and influenza (5.8% and 30.5%). The increase in the immunization level with age was observed for all vaccines, except pneumococcal vaccine. Conclusion. Immunization and immunization coverage against infections included in NIS vary significantly. The highest immunization and immunization coverage levels for all age groups were revealed for tuberculosis vaccine, and the lowest — for influenza vaccine.

scholarly journals The problem of pertussis in some regions of the world

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 354-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A Basov ◽  
O. V Tsvirkun ◽  
A. G Gerasimova ◽  
A. K Zekoreeva
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Immunization Coverage ◽  
Cell Vaccine ◽  
Laboratory Diagnostics ◽  
Immunization Schedule ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Pertussis Infection ◽  
Whole Cell ◽  
National Immunization

Pertussis infection remains a high-priority issue both for Russian health care and abroad. A rise of pertussis incidence in various human age groups instigates a search for new ways to fight this infection and improve methods for its laboratory diagnostics. By taking into consideration a short-term effect induced by acellular and whole-cell vaccines, a feasibility of introducing the second or even the third pertussis revaccination is vigorously debated. Objective of the study was to analyze the experience and effectiveness of acellular pertussis vaccines in countries, which use the second and third pertussis revaccination in the National Immunization Schedule in order to have an insight into adjusting strategy and tactics of pertussis immunization In Russia. Analyzing pertussis prevalence demonstrated that despite a wide immunization coverage pertussis incidence in the last years (2008–2015) was increased in a large number of countries in the European region, as well as inAustralia,CanadaandUSA. However, the reasons for elevated pertussis incidence have not been clarified yet. On one hand, it may be accounted for by low vaccination coverage in adolescents and adults; weakened immune protection after vaccination; genetic changes in Bordetella pertussis; shortened durability of protective immunity in children vaccinated with acellular vs. whole-cell vaccine; improved monitoring and morbidity reporting, as well as improved laboratory diagnostics due to shifting from serological and bacteriological to molecular genetic assays. In an attempt to solve this issue, researchers from several countries collaborate to discuss and develop a strategy to reduce pertussis incidence. ForRussia, the most important is to empower and/or improve existing infant immunization strategy in order to provide wide coverage with the four dose pertussis vaccine for decreasing the risk of pertussis morbidity and mortality. It is worth noting the “cocoon” strategy given the high risk of pertussis infection in children of the first months of life. We believe that forRussiait is worth investigating an opportunity of using children 2–3 months of life an acellular vaccine as the first vaccination, which is expected to increase the coverage of this cohort and allow to increase proportion of children who might complete vaccination by 5 months of age. At the same time, more reasonable might be to preserve a number of age groups for pertussis vaccination in the current National Immunization Schedule, as expanding age limits for vaccination might put a risk at increasing pertussis morbidity in older individuals, which could be hard to diagnose. 

scholarly journals Immunological Protection of Individuals Aged 3 to 25 Years Against Pertussis: Regional Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
pp. 12-16
Author(s):  
Diana V. Sutovskaya ◽  
Alla V. Burlutskaya ◽  
Larisa V. Dubova ◽  
Daria R. Krylova
Keyword(s):  
Bordetella Pertussis ◽  
Medical Condition ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
National Immunization ◽  
Protective Antibodies ◽  
History Of ◽  
Immunological Protection ◽  
Study Participants

Background. Recently, there has been an increase in the incidence of pertussis in unvaccinated, as well as vaccinated children and adults. The major risk group for pertussis are infants and children over 4 years of age due to gradual decrease in basic immunity.Objective. The aim of the study was to analyze postvaccinal immunity against pertussis in individuals aged 3 to 25 years in Krasnodar.Methods. The study was carried out in the period between July 2018 and October 2019 and included patients aged 3 to 25 years with completed (according to National Immunization Schedule) immunization against pertussis with no history of pertussis in the past. Postvaccinal immunity against pertussis in this sample was determined by the ratio of study participants with minimum protective antibodies titer to Bordetella pertussis ( 1:160).Results. The minimum protective antibody titer was revealed in 24 out of 76 participants. Distribution to age groups was the following: children aged 3 to 7 years — 2/28 (7%), 8 to 17 years — 13/22 (59%; p < 0.001, compared with the younger age group),  18 years — 9/26 (35%; p = 0.017). There was no postvaccinal immunity (no antibodies detected) in 6 (21%), 1 (5%) and 4 (15%) participants, respectively.Conclusion. Insufficient postvaccinal (humoral) immunity against pertussis was revealed in majority of children under 7 years. The ratio of such children decreases with age. It suggests the presence of hidden circulation of Bordetella pertussis and, as a result, previous medical condition in erased or abortive form.

scholarly journals Analysis of Vaccination Background in Children Undergone SARS-CoV-2 Infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 508-518
Author(s):  
Marina V. Fedoseenko ◽  
Leyla S. Namazova-Baranova ◽  
Firuza Ch. Shakhtakhtinskaya ◽  
M. V. Fominykh ◽  
Tatiana A. Kalyuzhnaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pneumococcal Infection ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Vaccination Rate ◽  
Disease Type ◽  
First Year ◽  
Immunization Schedule ◽  
National Immunization ◽  
New Type ◽  
First Year Of Life

Nowadays all news about the new coronavirus disease type arouses interest and concern among specialists around the world. Children often are not exposed to the COVID-19 virus or they just have mild course of the disease according to currently available data. These data may also explain why children have much lower incidence of COVID-19 in comparison to adults. The results of epidemiological observations performed by different researchers’ groups on the likely “protective” effect of routine vaccine prevention programs against new type of coronavirus disease led to initiation of clinical studies. This article presents the analysis of the vaccinal status and characteristics of vaccination and any other background in 143 Moscow children undergone SARS-CoV-2 infection. Overall, the general vaccination background in children who have undergone COVID-19 is characterized with low vaccination level and mismatch with the National Immunization Schedule. The most unfavorable vaccination background was mentioned in infants. The vaccination rate in all children of the first year of life (in 100% of cases) had gap to the routine schedule. The lowest rate of appropriate vaccination was recorded in case of viral poliomyelitis (in 30% of children) in reconvalescents new type of coronavirus disease. The vast majority of children undergone COVID-19 were not vaccinated against flue, only a few were vaccinated against pneumococcal infection. Now there are several studies focused on determining the protective role of vaccines in relation to the new type of coronavirus disease morbidity and course severity.

scholarly journals A DISTRIBUTION MAP OF CHILDHOOD TUBERCULOSIS IN AGE GROUP OF 0-14 YEARS BY THE COVERAGE OF EXCLUSIVE BREAST MILK AND BCG IMMUNIZATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
Etika Indri Astuty ◽  
Lucia Yovita Hendrati
Keyword(s):  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Immunization Coverage ◽  
Observational Research ◽  
Design Data ◽  
High Coverage ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

Tuberculosis (TB) can infect all age groups, even children. Three provinces in Indonesia namely West Java (14%), Papua (13%), and Bangka Belitung provinces (11%) have the highest proportion of children with TB disease. Some previous research reveals that there is a relationship between exclusive breastfeeding and BCG immunization status of children with TB disease. This current study identified the increasing trend of children (aged 0-14 years) with TB disease in Bangka Belitung province based on the coverage of exclusive breastfeeding and BCG immunization. It was observational research with a cross-sectional design. Data were retrieved from seven districts/cities in Bangka Belitung province in 2015-2017. The unit of analysis was the number of overall TB cases, the percentage of BCG immunization coverage, and exclusive breastfeeding. The data were analyzed using the Health Mapper application version 4.3.0.0 with product version 4.03. The number of children (aged 0-14 years) with TB disease increased from 2015-2017, and BCG immunization coverage and exclusive breastfeeding decreased in 2015-2016 only, but swelled in 2016-2017. The number of TB cases was still high despite the high coverage of exclusive breastfeeding and BCG immunization. Several factors such as the quality of vaccines and exclusive breastfeeding might influence the prevalence of TB in children. Future studies should employ more variables to garner more references.

scholarly journals Barriers to Childhood Immunization in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Benjamin Bangura ◽  
Shui-yuan Xiao ◽  
Dan Qiu ◽  
Feiyun Ouyang ◽  
Lei Chen
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Health Systems ◽  
Immunization Coverage ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Immunization Programs ◽  
Childhood Immunization ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
National Immunization ◽  
Sub Saharan

Abstract Background Immunization to prevent infectious diseases is a core strategy to improve childhood health as well as survival. It remains a challenge for some African countries to attain the required childhood immunization coverage. We aim at identifying individual barriers confronting parents/caretakers, providers, and health systems that hinder childhood immunization coverage in Sub-Saharan Africa. Method This systematic review searched PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science and EMBASE. We restricted to published articles in English that focused on childhood immunization barriers in Sub-Saharan Africa from January 1988 to February 2019. We excluded studies if: focused on barriers to immunization for children in other regions of the world, studied adult immunization barriers; studies not available on the university library, they were editorial, reports, reviews, supplement, and bulletins. Study designs included were cross-sectional, second-hand data analysis; and case control. Results Of the 2,538 items identified, 40 met inclusion criteria. Parents/caretakers were the most common subjects. Eight articles were of moderate and 32 were of high methodological quality. Seven studies analyzed secondary data; 30 used cross-sectional designs and three employed case control method. Twenty-five studies reported national immunization coverage of key vaccines for children under one, fifteen did not. When reported, national immunization coverages of childhood vaccines were reported to be low. Parents/caretaker’s barriers included lack of knowledge of immunization, distance to access point, financial deprivation, lack of partners support, and distrust in vaccines and immunization programs. Other associated factors for low vaccine rates included the number of off-springs, life style, migration and occupation. Barriers at health system level cited by healthcare providers included limited human resources and inadequate infrastructures to maintain the cold chain and adequate supply of vaccines. Conclusion In this review we identified more thoroughly the parents/caretakers’ barriers than those of providers and health systems. Factors that influenced decisions to get children vaccinated were mainly their gender, beliefs, socio-economic and socio-culture factors in the communities in which they live. Thus it is vital that immunization programs consider these barriers and address the people and societies in their communities across Sub-Saharan Africa.

scholarly journals Vaccination Coverage of Children with Epidermolysis Bullosa Against Vaccine Preventable Diseases According to National Preventive Vaccination Programmes: Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 396-401
Author(s):  
Leyla S. Namazova-Baranova ◽  
Nikolay N. Murashkin ◽  
Eleonora I. Pilguy
Keyword(s):  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Epidermolysis Bullosa ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Vaccine Preventable Diseases ◽  
National Immunization ◽  
Preventive Vaccination ◽  
The Individual

Background. Patients with epidermolysis bullosa (EB) have higher risk of developing infectious diseases. Its prevention requires timely vaccination. For now, there are no studies showing vaccination coverage for this category of children. Objective. Our aim was to study vaccination coverage of children with EB according to national preventive vaccination programmes. Methods. This retrospective cross-sectional study examined medical records of patients with EB from Russian Federation and neighbouring countries. Vaccination coverage (completeness and timeliness) and age of immunization initiation were analyzed. Moreover, we have studied the spectrum of early post-vaccine reactions and the course of the post-vaccine period in children with EB vaccinated for the first time. Results. The study included medical records of 134 patients with EB aged from 8 months to 17 years 8 months. Vaccination was performed according to national immunization programs in 37 (28%) children, only 21 cases were carried out in a timely manner. Medical exemptions were the major reason for the refusal of vaccination in most cases (82%). 48 patients with EB were vaccinated against 12 vaccine preventable diseases in the hospital. The post-vaccine period was asymptomatic in 36 (76%) patients, 10 (20%) patients had tenderness and hyperemia at the injection site, 2 (4%) patients had subfebrile fever. Conclusion. Most children with EB are still unvaccinated or vaccinated untimely. Immunization of such children against vaccine preventable disease according to the individual plan can be pretty useful.

Immunization Coverage Among Preschool Children: The United States and Selected European Countries

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 86 (6) ◽  
pp. 1052-1056
Author(s):  
Bret C. Williams
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Preschool Children ◽  
International Comparisons ◽  
Immunization Coverage ◽  
The United States ◽  
Immunization Rates ◽  
National Immunization ◽  
National Initiative ◽  
Coverage Rates ◽  
Us Children

In spite of difficulty measuring the effects of varying national immunization coverage rates, attaining high levels of immunization is a high priority for all countries. In addition, immunization rates among preschool children serve as a useful index of overall well child and preventive care. International comparisons reveal relatively low rates among all US children, especially minorities, attributable in part to poor utilization of routine preventive services. In the absence of a national initiative, various attempts to improve performance at local and state levels deserve attention. Renewed monitoring of immunization rates among preschool children in the United States is essential to assess current programs and future efforts.

scholarly journals Barriers to Childhood Immunization in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Benjamin Bangura ◽  
Shui-yuan Xiao ◽  
Dan Qiu ◽  
Feiyun Ouyang ◽  
Lei Chen
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Health Systems ◽  
Immunization Coverage ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Immunization Programs ◽  
Childhood Immunization ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
National Immunization ◽  
Sub Saharan

Abstract Background Immunization to prevent infectious diseases is a core strategy to improve childhood health as well as survival. It remains a challenge for some African countries to attain the required childhood immunization coverage. We aim at identifying individual barriers confronting parents/caretakers, providers, and health systems that hinder childhood immunization coverage in Sub-Saharan Africa. Method This systematic review searched PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science and EMBASE. We restricted to published articles in English that focused on childhood immunization barriers in Sub-Saharan Africa from January 1988 to February 2019. We excluded studies if: focused on barriers to immunization for children in other regions of the world, studied adult immunization barriers; studies not available on the university library, they were editorial, reports, reviews, supplement, and bulletins. Study designs included were cross-sectional, second-hand data analysis; and case control. Results Of the 2,538 items identified, 40 met inclusion criteria. Parents/caretakers were the most common subjects. Eight articles were of moderate and 32 were of high methodological quality. Seven studies analyzed secondary data; 30 used cross-sectional designs and three employed case control method. Twenty-five studies reported national immunization coverage of key vaccines for children under one, fifteen did not. When reported, national immunization coverages of childhood vaccines were reported to be low. Parents/caretaker’s barriers included lack of knowledge of immunization, distance to access point, financial deprivation, lack of partners support, and distrust in vaccines and immunization programs. Other associated factors for low vaccine rates included the number of off-springs, life style, migration and occupation. Barriers at health system level cited by healthcare providers included limited human resources and inadequate infrastructures to maintain the cold chain and adequate supply of vaccines. Conclusion In this review we identified more thoroughly the parents/caretakers’ barriers than those of providers and health systems. Factors that influenced decisions to get children vaccinated were mainly their gender, beliefs, socio-economic and socio-culture factors in the communities in which they live. Thus it is vital that immunization programs consider these barriers and address the people and societies in their communities across Sub-Saharan Africa.

scholarly journals Barriers to Childhood Immunization in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Benjamin Bangura ◽  
Shui-yuan Xiao ◽  
Dan Qiu ◽  
Feiyun Ouyang ◽  
Lei Chen
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Health Systems ◽  
Immunization Coverage ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Immunization Programs ◽  
Childhood Immunization ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
National Immunization ◽  
Sub Saharan

Abstract Background Immunization to prevent infectious diseases is a core strategy to improve childhood health as well as survival. It remains a challenge for some African countries to attain the required childhood immunization coverage. We aim at identifying individual barriers confronting parents/caretakers, providers, and health systems that hinder childhood immunization coverage in Sub-Saharan Africa. Method This systematic review searched PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science and EMBASE. We restricted to published articles in English that focused on childhood immunization barriers in Sub-Saharan Africa from January 1988 to February 2019. We excluded studies if: focused on barriers to immunization for children in other regions of the world, studied adult immunization barriers; studies not available on the university library, they were editorial, reports, reviews, supplement, and bulletins. Study designs included were cross-sectional, second-hand data analysis; and case control. Results Of the 2,538 items identified, 40 met inclusion criteria. Parents/caretakers were the most common subjects. Eight articles were of moderate and 32 were of high methodological quality. Seven studies analyzed secondary data; 30 used cross-sectional designs and three employed case control method. Twenty-five studies reported national immunization coverage of key vaccines for children under one, fifteen did not. When reported, national immunization coverages of childhood vaccines were reported to be low. Parents/caretaker’s barriers included lack of knowledge of immunization, distance to access point, financial deprivation, lack of partners support, and distrust in vaccines and immunization programs. Other associated factors for low vaccine rates included the number of off-springs, life style, migration and occupation. Barriers at health system level cited by healthcare providers included limited human resources and inadequate infrastructures to maintain the cold chain and adequate supply of vaccines. Conclusion In this review we identified more thoroughly the parents/caretakers’ barriers than those of providers and health systems. Factors that influenced decisions to get children vaccinated were mainly their gender, beliefs, socio-economic and socio-culture factors in the communities in which they live. Thus it is vital that immunization programs consider these barriers and address the people and societies in their communities across Sub-Saharan Africa.

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