Care for crack users and its implications for the family

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-153
Author(s):  
P.K.O. Nörnberg ◽  
G.C. Gomes ◽  
M.S. Mota
Keyword(s):  
2018 ◽  
Vol 71 (suppl 5) ◽  
pp. 2184-2190
Author(s):  
Maria de Lourdes Custódio Duarte ◽  
Leticia Passos Pereira ◽  
Juliana de Carvalho ◽  
Agnes Olschowsky

ABSTRACT Objective: to evaluate the perception of the relatives of crack users in relation to the support groups offered to this population in a Psychosocial Care Center for Alcohol and Drugs in the South of Brazil. Method: the fourth-generation theoretical framework was used for evaluation, having as methodological device the hermeneutical-dialectic circle. Data collection occurred through 500 hours of observations and interviews with 12 relatives of crack users, and the comparative constant method was used in the analysis, generating the “family group” unit of meaning. Results: this group was regarded by the family members as a space for guidance on the management of users in their home environment. They reported the need for a basic structure to conduct the groups, greater duration of the meetings, confidentiality of information and diversity of timetables. Final considerations: investment in education and training of nursing professionals focused on group care is suggested to the education institutions.


Author(s):  
Maycon Rogério Seleghim ◽  
Sueli Aparecida Frari Galera

Abstract Objective. To understand the family experience regarding the trajectory of crack users for the street situation.Method. Qualitative study using the systemic approach as the theoretical referential and the narrative as methodological referential. We conducted interviews with eleven family members of crack users with street situation experience cared for at a community mental health service. We analyzed the interviews using the inductive content analysis technique.Results. The family members understood the trajectory of the crack users for the street situation from two perspectives. One before the street situation process, for which they described a problematic childhood, the presence of stressor traumas/ events, vulnerabilities in the family environment, and their family members’ encounter with the drug world. Moreover, another posterior to the street situation, for which they narrated the perception of alterations in the users, the discovery of crack use, the deepening of the individuals’ relationship with the streets, and the adoption of coping strategies.Conclusion. It was made evident that the family adopts an explicative model for the behavior of drug use and contact with the streets based on the life history of the crack user family member.Descriptors: crack cocaine; family relations; homeless persons; community mental health services.How to cite this article: How to cite this article: Seleghim MR, Galera SAF. The trajectory of crack users to the street situation in the perspective of family members. Invest. Educ. Enferm. 2019; 37(2):e03.ReferencesRaupp L, Adorno RCF. Circuitos de uso de crack na região central da cidade de São Paulo (SP, Brasil). Ciênc. Saúde Colet. 2011; 16(5):2613-22.Dias AC, Araújo MR, Laranjeira R. Evolução do consumo de crack em coorte com histórico de tratamento. Rev. Saúde Pública. 2011; 45(5):938-48.Xavier DM, Gomes GC, Ribeiro JP, Mota MS, Alvarez SQ. Use of crack in pregnancy: repercussions for the newborn. Invest. Educ. Enferm. 2017; 35(3):260-67.Grant R, Gracy D, Goldsmith G, Shapiro A, Redlener IE. Twenty-five years of child and family homelessness: where are we now? Am. J. Public Health. 2013; 103(2):1-10.Tyler K, Schmitz RM. Family histories and multiples transitions among homeless young adults: pathways to homelessness. Child Youth Serv. Rev. 2013; 35(1):1719-26.Hyde J. From home to street: understanding young people’s transitions into homelessness. J. Adolesc. 2005; 28(2):171-83.Kidd SA, Karabanow J, Hughes J, Frederich T. Brief report: youth pathways out of homelessness – prelimiray finding. J. Adolesc. 2013; 36(6):1035-7.Wright LM, Leahey M. Enfermeiras e famílias: um guia para avaliação e intervenção na família. 3rd Ed. São Paulo: Roca, 2002.Watzlawick P, Bavelas JB, Jackson DD. Pragmática da comunicação humana. 18th Ed. São Paulo: Culturix; 2011. 266p.Canesqui AM (Org). Olhares socioantropológicos sobre os adoecidos crônicos. São Paulo: Hucitec; 2007. 149p.Riessman CK. Narrative Methods for the Human Sciences. USA: SAGE Publications; 2008. 244p.Castellanos MEP. A narrativa nas pesquisas qualitativas em saúde. Ciênc. Saúde Coletiva, Rio de Janeiro. 2014; 19(4):1065-76. Garro L, Mattingly C. Narrative as a construct and construction. In: Mattingly C, Garro L. Narrative and the cultural construction of illness and healing. Berkley, Los Angeles, London: University of California Press; 2000. Elo S, Kyngäs H. The qualitative content analysis process. J. Adv. Nurs. 2008; 62(1):10715. Narvaez JCM, Pechansky F, Jansen K, Pinheiro RT, Silva RA, Kapczinski F et al. Quality of life, social functioning, family structure, and treatment history associated with crack cocaine use in youth from the general population. Rev. Bras. Psiquiatr. 2015; 37(3):211-8.Choate PW. Adolescent alcoholism and drug addiction: the experience of parents. Behav. Sci (Basel). [Internet] 2015; 5(4):461-76.Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra por Domicílios: síntese de indicadores 2013 [cited 10 Apr 2016]. Avaliable from: http://biblioteca.ibge.gov.br/visualizacao/livros/liv94414.pdfSeleghim MR, Oliveira MLF. Estrutura, relações e antecedentes do uso de drogas em famílias de usuários de crack. Rev. Eletr. Enf. 2014; 16(3):527-34.Seleghim MR, Marangoni SR, Marcon SS, Oliveira MLF. Family ties of crack cocaine users cared for in a psychiatric emergency department. Rev.Latino-Am. Enfermagem. 2011; 19(5):1163-70.Kleinman A, Eisenberg L, Good B. Culture, illness, and care: clinical lessons from anthropologic and cross-cultural research. Ann. Intern. Med. 1978 ;88(2):251-8.Silva DI, Mello DF, Takahashi RF, Hollist CS, Mazza VA, Veríssimo MLOR. Validation of vulnerability markers of dysfunctions in the socioemotional development of infants. Rev. Latino-Am. Enfermagem. 2018; 26:3087.Pedersen SL, Walther CA, Harty SC, Gnagy EM, Pelham WE, Molina BS. The Indirect Effects of Childhood ADHD on Alcohol Problems in Adulthood through Unique Facets of Impulsivity. Addiction. 2016;111(9):1582-89.Leahey M, Wright LM. Families & Psychosocial Problems. Springhouse Corporation, 1987, 349pBell JM, Wright LM. The Illness Beliefs Model: Advancing practice knowledge about illness beliefs, family healing, and family interventions. J. Fam. Nurs. 2015; 21(2):179-85.Seleghim MR, Oliveira MLF. Influência do ambiente familiar no consumo de crack em usuários. Acta Paul. Enferm. 2013; 26(3):263-8.


2011 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 1163-1170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maycon Rogério Seleghim ◽  
Sônia Regina Marangoni ◽  
Sonia Silva Marcon ◽  
Magda Lúcia Félix de Oliveira

This study characterizes the family ties of crack cocaine users cared for in a psychiatric emergency department in southern Brazil. It is a qualitative study with a series of cases carried out in the city of Maringá, PR, Brazil from April to June 2010. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, analyzed using content analysis, and organized into two categories: family ties as facilitators in the use of crack cocaine and other drugs; and fragmented family ties of crack users. Loss of relational bonds with family and social milieu was observed among the ten studied users in addition to the presence of drugs and violence in the family sphere. Further studies addressing the use of crack and its interface with the family are encouraged, taking into consideration that families have an essential role in the initiation and continuity of drug use.


1988 ◽  
Vol 62 (03) ◽  
pp. 419-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baba Senowbari-Daryan ◽  
George D. Stanley

Two Upper Triassic sphinctozoan sponges of the family Sebargasiidae were recovered from silicified residues collected in Hells Canyon, Oregon. These sponges areAmblysiphonellacf.A. steinmanni(Haas), known from the Tethys region, andColospongia whalenin. sp., an endemic species. The latter sponge was placed in the superfamily Porata by Seilacher (1962). The presence of well-preserved cribrate plates in this sponge, in addition to pores of the chamber walls, is a unique condition never before reported in any porate sphinctozoans. Aporate counterparts known primarily from the Triassic Alps have similar cribrate plates but lack the pores in the chamber walls. The sponges from Hells Canyon are associated with abundant bivalves and corals of marked Tethyan affinities and come from a displaced terrane known as the Wallowa Terrane. It was a tropical island arc, suspected to have paleogeographic relationships with Wrangellia; however, these sponges have not yet been found in any other Cordilleran terrane.


Author(s):  
E. S. Boatman ◽  
G. E. Kenny

Information concerning the morphology and replication of organism of the family Mycoplasmataceae remains, despite over 70 years of study, highly controversial. Due to their small size observations by light microscopy have not been rewarding. Furthermore, not only are these organisms extremely pleomorphic but their morphology also changes according to growth phase. This study deals with the morphological aspects of M. pneumoniae strain 3546 in relation to growth, interaction with HeLa cells and possible mechanisms of replication.The organisms were grown aerobically at 37°C in a soy peptone yeast dialysate medium supplemented with 12% gamma-globulin free horse serum. The medium was buffered at pH 7.3 with TES [N-tris (hyroxymethyl) methyl-2-aminoethane sulfonic acid] at 10mM concentration. The inoculum, an actively growing culture, was filtered through a 0.5 μm polycarbonate “nuclepore” filter to prevent transfer of all but the smallest aggregates. Growth was assessed at specific periods by colony counts and 800 ml samples of organisms were fixed in situ with 2.5% glutaraldehyde for 3 hrs. at 4°C. Washed cells for sectioning were post-fixed in 0.8% OSO4 in veronal-acetate buffer pH 6.1 for 1 hr. at 21°C. HeLa cells were infected with a filtered inoculum of M. pneumoniae and incubated for 9 days in Leighton tubes with coverslips. The cells were then removed and processed for electron microscopy.


Author(s):  
A.D. Hyatt

Bluetongue virus (BTV) is the type species os the genus orbivirus in the family Reoviridae. The virus has a fibrillar outer coat containing two major structural proteins VP2 and VP5 which surround an icosahedral core. The core contains two major proteins VP3 and VP7 and three minor proteins VP1, VP4 and VP6. Recent evidence has indicated that the core comprises a neucleoprotein center which is surrounded by two protein layers; VP7, a major constituent of capsomeres comprises the outer and VP3 the inner layer of the core . Antibodies to VP7 are currently used in enzyme-linked immunosorbant assays and immuno-electron microscopical (JEM) tests for the detection of BTV. The tests involve the antibody recognition of VP7 on virus particles. In an attempt to understand how complete viruses can interact with antibodies to VP7 various antibody types and methodologies were utilized to determine the physical accessibility of the core to the external environment.


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