scholarly journals Economic analysis of onion seed production in Washim district of Vidarbha region

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 237-248
Author(s):  
P. D. Muley ◽  
V. K. Khobarkar ◽  
R. D. Vaidkar
Keyword(s):  
Small Group ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Cropping Pattern ◽  
Rabi Season ◽  
Large Group ◽  
Onion Seed ◽  
Medium Group

The present study is undertaken to study the economics analysis of onion seed production in washim district of Vidarbha.The study was based on primary data. Primary data of 90 farmers pertaining to the year 2018-2019 were collected from three villages and functionaries involved in onion seed procurement chain producer, seed company, retailer were selected for collecting information. The onion seed production is taken on small scale but it contributes sizable share in total earning of the cultivator. However, yield and profit from onion seed cultivation is uncertain because it is very sensitive, it require special attention. To study the economics of onion seed production, the standard cost concepts were used. In estimation of cost of cultivation, seed, rental value of land, human labour and interest on fixed capital were the major cost items.The gross cropped area was highest in large group i.e. 8.28 hectare followed by medium 5.27 ha and small group 2.93. The cropping pattern of onion seed was dominated by soybean, cotton and tur in Kharif season whereas gram and wheat was Rabi season. In Rabi season the contribution of area under onion seed was 12.62, 12.52 and 12.31 per cent by small, medium and large farmers. Per hectare total cost of cultivation of onion seed was highest in the medium group i.e. Rs. 167967.3 per hectare followed by large group Rs. 166102.74 and small group Rs.165161.53.The benefit cost ratio of onion seed at cost ‘C3’ was 1.70 in small group, 1.76 in medium group and 1.78 in large group.

DESIGNING INTERACTIVE DIGITAL LEARNING MODULE IN BIOLOGY

TABULARASA ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenny Pintalitna ◽  
Herbet Sipahutar ◽  
Fauziyah Harahap
Keyword(s):  
Small Group ◽  
Group Testing ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Digital Learning ◽  
Text Learning ◽  
Interactive Learning Environment ◽  
Learning Modules ◽  
Large Group ◽  
Learning Module ◽  
Medium Group

Interactive learning environment can substantially improve student learning and retention of key biology concepts. In this case report, we describe our approach for the design of interactive digital learning module to teach digestive system concepts in Grade 11 learners at SMAN 2 Balige with 180 subjects are selected according to total sampling method. The research method is the development with Dick and Carey model.  Subject of learning module assessment consists of two Biology matter experts, two learning module experts, one electronic media expert, three students for individual trials, ten students and teachers as small group testing, thirty students of SMAN 1 Berastagi for medium group testing, and 60 students of SMAN 2 Balige as large group testing. Quality data of product developed were collected using questionnaires. The results of developmental research showed that: (1) Module assessment by matter, learning modules and media experts were very decent criteria (88.30%, 93.98%, 88.25%); 2) Large group testing of interactive, electronic and text learning modules, respectively were 92.53%, 86.064%, 81.355% belong to very decent criteria; (3) Medium group testing respectively were 84.59%, 80.18%, 76.56% belong to decent criteria; (6) Small group testing respectively were 75.71%, 73.20%, 71.19% belong to decent criteria.

Profitability and Efficiency Analyses of Small Scale Rice processing units in Ngoketunjia Division, North West Region, Cameroon.

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-182
Author(s):  
Bime M.J ◽  
Fon D.E ◽  
Ngalim S.B ◽  
Ongla J
Keyword(s):  
Value Added ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Fixed Cost ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Parboiled Rice ◽  
North West ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Benefit Cost ◽  
Rice Processing

Rice production and processing over the years has been on an increase with more small holders entering the business. This study on profitability of processing and marketing of small scale rice processors had as objective to analyse the profitability levels of rice processing and marketing by small scale processors, determine the value added to the commodity at each stage  and also identify the constraints faced by these processors. The study used primary data collected using well-structured questionnaire from millers only, miller traders for white/parboiled rice through a multistage sampling technique. Results showed that the net processing income (3,151,201), value added (8,147,456) and efficiency (138) for miller-traders of white rice was highest, followed by miller-traders for parboiled rice and lastly millers only. Results further showed that millers only had Benefit/cost ratio of 0.4 indicating that milling only is not profitable due to small quantities milled, and high fixed cost. Miller-traders for parboiled rice had a benefit/cost ratio of 2.3 implying that their venture is most profitable. Based on the results, it was recommended that millers only should purchase large quantities of paddy to enable them reduce the overhead cost. Also the services of parboilers should reflect in the sales price of parboiled rice so that the parboiling services can be paid for.

scholarly journals Small-Scale Turkey Farming in Bangladesh: Farming Practices, Profitability and Supply Chain Mapping

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. p28
Author(s):  
Muhammad Abdur Rashid ◽  
M Rasheduzzaman ◽  
MSK Sarker ◽  
S Faruque ◽  
Md Salauddin Palash ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Variable Cost ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Fixed Cost ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Arithmetic Means ◽  
Profitability Analysis ◽  
Statistical Measures ◽  
Commercial Purpose

The study was conducted to know the existing turkey production system, supply chain mapping, and identifying the prospects and problems of turkey rearing in some selected areas of Bangladesh during October 2019 to December 2019. A total of 100 turkey raisers were surveyed following convenience method of sampling technique. The primary data were collected, analyzed accordingly and tabular presentation method was applied with the help of simple descriptive statistical measures e.g. frequency distributions, percentage, sum and means to illustrating the results. Profitability analysis was done on the basis of variable cost, fixed cost, return by using arithmetic means and percentages. The study revealed that 87 male and 13 female respondents were surveyed, of them cent percent found educated. About 56% turkey keeper’s main occupation was business, 27% service and 12% in farming while 88.57% involved with farming as secondary sources of income. Average landholding for homestead, cultivable and non-cultivable was 24.40, 129.71 and 29.47 decimal, respectively. About 59% farms started for commercial purpose, 32% for non-commercial purpose and 9% for both. About 60% respondents kept less than 50 turkeys and only 2% kept 501-1000 turkeys. Among the surveyed farms55% stopped their operation and 45% farms found running their business. Among the running farms cent percent were small-scale group. The average feed intake was 192.13 grams per day per bird at 20 weeks of age. Turkey laid on an average 139 eggs a year irrespective of variety and for hatching poults, the fertility and hatchability rate found between 65 to 100% and 50 to 90%, respectively. About 28% farmers experienced the deaths of turkey because of Cold, Pox, Ranikhet, Bird flu and unknown cases and 69.47% farmers took veterinary advice from Upazila Livestock Hospital and rest from other sources. Farmers to consumers were the most common and widely used marketing channel for egg, chick and adult turkey. The market intermediaries of turkey farm carried out different marketing functions e.g. buying and selling, pricing, transportation, sorting, distribution and market information. The average net return and benefit-cost ratio was BDT 127838.04 and 1.38, respectively for 50 turkeys per year. In the study, turkey rearing found some comparative benefit over chicken and ducks e.g. higher weight gain, forage eater, lower diseases rate and suitability for the country. The main problem of turkey rearing identified as market instability, lack of quality turkey feed, higher feed price, lack of proper marketing facility and training on turkey farming. In conclusion, the small-scale turkey farming could be a viable source of income for the rural people of Bangladesh after taking some remedial steps by the Government of Bangladesh for the aforesaid hindrances faced by the turkey farmers.

Economic analysis of fish processing and marketing in Ogun Waterside Local Government, Ogun State, Nigeria

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-245
Author(s):  
O. J. Olaoye ◽  
D. A. Adegbite ◽  
E. O. Oluwalana ◽  
S. S. Ashley- Dejo ◽  
O. A. Adelaja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Bank Loan ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Fish Processing ◽  
Gross Margin ◽  
Single Digit ◽  
Ogun State

This study examined the economic analysis of fish processing and marketing in Ogun Waterside Local Government Area of Ogun State, Nigeria using structured, validated and pre-tested interview schedules to collect primary data from one hundred and thirteen respondents. Descriptive analysis was used to analyze the socio-economic characteristics, access to productive resources and constraints faced by fish processors while budgetary analysis was used to determine profitability. The result reveals that 99.0% of the respondents were females, 57.4% were within their active economic age group (41 - 50 years), about 50.0% were educated and 82.3% were married. The scale of operation was on small scale level. The result of the budgetary analysis show that average total cost of N53,530.08 was incurred, average total revenue of N58,340.71 was realized and a returning gross margin of N37,088.44. The profitability ratio gave a benefit-cost ratio of 1.089 and expense structure ratio of 0.0603. This is an indication that fish processing business is profitable and viable in the study area. Despite the high profitability of the business, fish processors identified lack of collateral security for bank loan (96.5%), erratic power supply (92.0%) and lack of modern fish processing facilities (43.4%) as their most prevailing problems. With this high level of profitability and viability in fish processing and marketing, it is recommended that Government, cooperative societies, private bodies and non-governmental organizations should provide basic amenities such as storage facilities, electricity, transportation facilities and modern fish processing facilities in other to boost fish production in Nigeria as well as single digit Bank loan with civil servants as guarantors as means of collateral security.

Profitability of Small-Scale Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) Production in Some Selected Areas in Bangladesh

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-82
Author(s):  
Mst. Samshunnahar ◽  
Romaza Khanum ◽  
M Serajul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Returns To Scale ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Human Labour

A study was conducted to analyze the profitability, contribution of factors in yield and socioeconomic status of small-scale tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) producing farmers in some selected areas in Bangladesh. The study was based on primary data, collected from 60 farmers, selected using a multi-stage random sampling technique. The main factors of production like, seeds, human labour, tillage, fertilizer, irrigation and insecticides were considered to estimate the impacts on tomato production. Data were analyzed statistically and economically and results were mostly presented in tabular form. Amongst 3 farm size groups, small tomato farmers earned highest profit, followed by medium farmers. Gross returns per acre of small, medium and large farms were Tk. 104180, 95000 and 82600 and their corresponding net returns were Tk. 46978, 45356 and 5354, respectively. Moreover, the undiscounted benefit cost ratio of was the highest for medium farmers (1.91), followed by small farmers (1.82), while it was the lowest for large farmers (1.74). The coefficient of determinations (R2) was about 0.694, which indicates that about 69 percent of variations of tomato production are explained by the independent variables. The result showed that human labour followed by tillage of the variables was significantly positive, which implies that various independent inputs uses had effective contribution to increase tomato production. It was therefore, observed that a considerable improvement took place to increase household income of the studied farmers and to improve the economic conditions with the introduction of small-scale commercial tomato production. The elasticity of different inputs was 0.744 which exhibited the decreasing returns to scale and farmers allocated their resources in the rational stage of production (stage-II). However, lack of quality seed was one of the major constraints in cultivation of tobacco. Effective policy and efficient extension services have therefore, to be ensured to increase income and employment opportunities of the tomato drowers.The Agriculturists 2016; 14(1) 73-82

scholarly journals An Economic Analysis of Paddy Seed Production in Mau District of Eastern Uttar Pradesh

2020 ◽  
pp. 45-51
Author(s):  
Govind Pal ◽  
K. V. Sripathy ◽  
Umesh R. Kamble ◽  
S. P. Jeevan Kumar ◽  
Kalyani Kumari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Variable Cost ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Grain Production ◽  
Cost Component ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Cost Of Production

Paddy is an important cereal crop of the country and Uttar Pradesh, which is second largest producer of paddy in the country with 11.99 per cent share. The current study was conducted on primary data collected from 50 farmers from Mau district of Uttar Pradesh during the agricultural year 2017-18. The fixed and variable cost ratio in paddy seed production was 20:80. Human labour was the major cost component (42.21 per cent of total cost) followed by manures and fertilizers (11.85 per cent), bullock & machine labour (11.80 per cent), plant protection chemicals (4.53 per cent), irrigation (3.18 per cent) and seed (1.99 per cent). Total cost incurred in seed production of paddy was Rs. 51882 per hectare, while the net and gross returns were Rs. 28506 and Rs. 80388 per hectare respectively with the BC ratio 1.55. Total cost pertinent to paddy certified seed production was 11.36 per cent higher than grain production. The gross return was 18.92 per cent higher in seed production (Rs. 80388/ha) than grain production (Rs. 67600/ha). Net return from seed production of paddy was 35.66 per cent (Rs. 28506/ha) higher than grain production (Rs. 21012/ha). According to cost C2, cost of production of paddy grain and seed calculated to Rs. 1096 and Rs. 1231 per quintal. The return to the farmers on cost C2 was 45.07 and 55.0 per cent above cost of production for paddy grain and seed respectively. Similarly, cost of production according to cost A2 & FL (Family Labour) of paddy grain and seed calculated to Rs. 863 and Rs. 996 per quintal. The return to the farmers on cost A2 & FL was 84.24 and 91.57 per cent above cost of production for paddy grain and seed respectively. Production of paddy seed showed higher profitability to the farmers with encouraging net returns, which implies that the quality seed production area could be increased for higher income generation.

scholarly journals Profitability and resource use efficiency of maize seed production in Palpa district of Nepal

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-168
Author(s):  
M Sapkota ◽  
NP Joshi ◽  
RR Kattel ◽  
M Bajracharya
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Resource Use ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Maize Seed ◽  
Resource Use Efficiency ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Small Scale Farmers

The study aimed to analyze profitability and resource use efficiency of maize seed production in Palpa district of Nepal. Raosoft Inc. software was used to determine the sample size of 182 maize seed producers from the total 260 maize seed producers in the district. Data was collected using a pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire survey administered to the randomly selected samples. Results showed that the uses as well as cost of major inputs such as seed, labor, farmyard manure (FYM),and management/other cost including tillage were higher among small scale farmers compared to the large scale farmers. The average cost of production among small scale farmers was NRs. 94,195per hectare compared to NRs. 64,145among large scale farmers. A benefit cost ratio of maize seed production was higher for large scale farmers (1.12), which in case of small scale farmers was less than 1, i.e. 0.9. Hence, maize seed production was found profitable only for large scale farmers. Resource use efficiency analysis showed FYM, tillage and labor were overused. This suggests that the use of FYM, tillage and labor should be decreased by 665, 456 and 68 percent respectively. Similarly, cost on seed, chemical fertilizer and management/other were underused, hence, need to increase by 92, 69 and 97 percent respectively for the optimum allocation of resources. Overall, maize seed production is profitable but resources should be optimally utilized and should be carried on larger scale.SAARC J. Agri., 16(1): 157-168 (2018)

scholarly journals ANALISIS KELAYAKAN FINANSIAL USAHA PENGGEMUKAN SAPI SIMMENTAL PERANAKAN ONGOLE DAN FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG BERPENGARUH TERHADAP JUMLAH KEPEMILIKAN PADA PETERNAKAN RAKYAT DI KABUPATEN KARANGANYAR

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 74
Author(s):  
Josua Sahala
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Linear Analysis ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Location Quotient ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Small Scale Farmer

<p class="Default"><em>This study was done to determine the financial feasibility of beef cattle fattening and the factors affecting on amount of cattle ownership of small scale farmer in Karanganyar District. The location quotient (LQ) selected were Jenawi, Jatiyoso and Mojogedang sub-districts. Sampling respondents were determined by purposive sampling of 40 SimPO cattle farmers. Survey method was adopted to collect the primary data from respondents and the secondary data from relevant offices. The criteria for feasibility analysis was net present value (NPV), benefit cost ratio (BCR), internal rate of return (IRR), followed by payback period of credit (PPC) and break event point (BEP). Multiple regression linear analysis was used to determine the factors that influence the number of cattle ownership. The results of analysis showed that financially SimPO cattle fattening with a period of 5 years and a discount factor of 12%/year was feasible. Regression analysis showed that there were positive effects (P&lt;0.01) of agricultural land, beef cattle business experience and the number of labour on the number of beef cattle ownership. It was concluded that SimPO cattle fattening in Karanganyar was feasible. </em></p><p class="Default"><em>(Key words: Break event point, Fattening, Simmental Ongole Crossbred cattle, Financial analysis, Multiple regresion linear analysis, Small scale farmer)</em></p><p class="Default"><em> </em></p>

scholarly journals The development of a concentration training model on free throw shots basketball players

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Dedi Iskandar ◽  
Gilang Ramadan
Keyword(s):  
Small Group ◽  
Field Observation ◽  
Training Model ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Free Throw ◽  
Large Group ◽  
Need Analysis ◽  
Observation Method ◽  
Medium Group

The purposes of this study were to develop a concentration training model on free throw shots basketball players and to measure the extent of the process of concentration training model on free throw shots basketball players. The process of this research began with a need analysis with field observation method and continued with the process of the development of a concentration training model on free throw shots basketball players according to the characteristics needed. The development of this training model was carried out by applying 10 steps according to Brog and Gall and producing a product from concentration training model on free throw shots basketball players according to the needs and the suitability needed. Based on the results of the analysis on the small group trials the average choice was 82.10%, whereas in the medium group trials the average values obtained was 87.56%, while in the large group trials the average choice was 90.49 %. This stated that the concentration training model on free throw shots basketball players was very feasible to use.

scholarly journals KUALITAS KEPRAKTISAN FORMULASI STRATEGI PENERAPAN BLENDED LEARNING DALAM IMPLEMENTASI KURIKULUM DI JURUSAN KTP FIP UNIVERSITAS NEGERI PADANG

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alwen Bentri ◽  
Ulfia Rahmi
Keyword(s):  
Blended Learning ◽  
Small Group ◽  
Learning Strategy ◽  
School Curriculum ◽  
Student Interest ◽  
Strategy Formulation ◽  
Student Activities ◽  
Large Group ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Medium Group

The purpose of this paper is to describe the degree of practicality the formulation of application strategy of blended learning. the process of achievement of this practicality was begun with implementing the learning process using blended learning strategy formulation application in the School Curriculum Studies courses in the Department of Curriculum and Educational Technology FIP UNP to the small group (3 students), the medium group (7 students) and large group (40 students). Based on the assessment category, the small group was found that the indicator of student interest was obtained 97.14; the indicator of using process was 95.00; the indicator of the increased of student activities 93.33; and the indicator time was 96.67. Furthermore, the medium group was found that the indicator of student interest was obtained 96.33; the indicator of using process was 95.00; the indicator of the increased of students activity was 93.14; and the indicator time was 95.71. In the large group was found that the indicator of student interest was obtained 84.71; the indicator of using process was 82.25; the indicator of the increased of student activity was 84.90; and the indicator time was 83.50. It can be concluded that based on the four categories the small and medium groups was very practice meanwhile the large group was practice.

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