scholarly journals Effect of plant growth regulators on crop production

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 775-782
Author(s):  
Masina Sai Ram ◽  
Sagar Maitra ◽  
Tanmoy Shankar
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Hormonal Activity ◽  
Canopy Development ◽  
Horticultural Crops ◽  
Agronomic Crops ◽  
Dryland Farming ◽  
Wide Range

Plant growth regulators are the naturally extracted or synthesised compounds which are used in smaller quantity to modify the hormonal activity in agricultural and horticultural crops. Though there effect was not totally revealed there was some significant works carried out to know the effect of growth regulators on agronomic crops they are now using in wide range of crops to alter different parameters such as plant height, canopy development, effective branching, flower imitation and improving yield. They also play a key role in dryland farming as some of the plant growth regulators are used in stress tolerance of the crops. Few research works are carried to know the effect of major plant growth regulators on cereals and pulses. The plant growth regulators like auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins and ethephon are the majorly used plant growth regulators in cereals and pulses to obtain optimum plant growth and to improve the yields.

scholarly journals Biotechnological aspects of the use of complex preparation 1-ethoxysilatrane with crezacin in crop production

2019 ◽  
Vol 60 (11) ◽  
pp. 69-74
Author(s):  
Valery N. Zelenkov ◽  
◽  
Vladimir N. Petrichenko ◽  
Anatoly A. Lapin ◽  
Viktor P. Baryshok ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Tree Leaves ◽  
Apple Leaves ◽  
Foliar Treatment ◽  
Complex Preparation

Currently, the expansion of research to find new efficient and environmentally friendly plant growth regulators is an urgent task of agricultural biotechnology. One of the main requirements of the modern development of crop production using technologies for the use of new plant growth regulators is, along with the environmental friendliness of new drugs, both at the application stage for foliar feeding of plants and improving the quality of the final product. One of the new drugs that meet these requirements is a complex preparation of 1-ethoxysilatrane with crezacin. The work shows the high efficiency of the use of the new apple growth regulator in the processing of apple leaves. As a result of the studies, a synergism of the joint action of 1-ethoxysilatrane and crezacin as part of a complex preparation was revealed during foliar treatment of apple leaves of 3-4 phases and the beginning of flowering by spraying the drug in doses of 15 g/ha. The total increase in apple harvest during foliar treatment of tree leaves was 8.1% or 7.0 t/ha compared with the control. An increase in the quality indicators of gardening products was revealed when using the drug 1-ethoxysilatran with krezacin in terms of the content of dry substances, total sugar, vitamin C and pectin in the fruits. The content in the fruits of nitrates during foliar treatment with a new preparation of tree leaves is reduced by 17.9% compared with the control. The content in the fruits of apples of nitrates during foliar treatment with a new preparation of tree leaves decreases by 17.9%, the lead content by 44% compared with the control.

ACTUAL QUESTIONS OF BIOLOGICAL EFFICIENCY, HYGIENE AND TOXICOLOGY IN MODERN TECHNOLOGIES OF AGROCHEMICALS

2018 ◽  
pp. 39-44
Author(s):  
V. G. Sychyov ◽  
O. A. Shapoval ◽  
O. V. Vetrova ◽  
I. P. Mozharova ◽  
A. V. Istomin
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Biological Efficiency ◽  
Agricultural Technologies ◽  
10Th Anniversary ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Scientific Practical ◽  
State Registration

The article is devoted to the results of the 10th anniversary scientific-practical conference «Anapa-2018» «Prospects for the use of innovative forms of fertilizers, plant protection and plant growth regulators in agricultural technologies» with the participation of leading experts and managers in the field of agrochemical production, specialized agencies, the Russian Academy Sciences, Rospotrebnadzor, and the RF Ministry of Agriculture. The conference discussed a wide range of topical issues on the use of new innovative forms of fertilizers, protection products, plant growth regulators and the technology of their use in agricultural production; issues of state registration, certification and declaration of pesticides and agrochemicals.

scholarly journals 193 The Effect of Bedding Plant Plug Source on Postplug Production

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 475D-475
Author(s):  
Jeff S. Kuehny ◽  
Aaron Painter ◽  
Patricia C. Branch
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Greenhouse Crops ◽  
Bedding Plants ◽  
Bedding Plant ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Time Of Year

Plug production has increased the finished quality and uniformity of bedding plants, making them one of the most important greenhouse crops grown. The wide range of cultural practices used by different growers to produce plugs, may influence the efficacy of plant growth regulators applied to the same crop in postplug production. Ten bedding plant species were grown from plugs obtained from two sources using different cultural practices. The plugs were transplanted to jumbo six packs and sprayed with either chlormequat/daminozide tank mix, ancymidol, or paclobutrazol at three concentrations at three times of year. The effect of each plant growth regulator varied by plant species and time of year applied. Source of plug material did have a significant effect on height and time of flowering of finished bedding plants and the use of plant growth regulators did not minimize the differences in height between sources in most cases.

Optimization of culture conditions for indole-3-pyruvic acid production by Streptomyces griseoflavus

1994 ◽  
Vol 40 (9) ◽  
pp. 754-760 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed S. El-Abyad ◽  
Mostafa A. El-Sayed ◽  
Abdel-Reheem El-Shanshoury ◽  
Mervat Farid
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Pyruvic Acid ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Diaminopimelic Acid ◽  
Genus Streptomyces ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Family ◽  
Maximal Production

Thirty strains of actinomycetes were isolated from fertile soils in Egypt on starch–nitrate agar. The isolated organisms were recognized as spore formers with aerial mycelia containing L-DAP (diaminopimelic acid) and glycine. The inability of the vegetative mycelia to fragment into bacillary or coccoid forms and the presence of spores borne on sporophores, placed these organisms in the family Streptomycetaceae. The isolates also proved to be aerobic and Gram positive. The absence of DL-DAP and the presence of L-DAP in their cell hydrolysates, and the production of a wide range of pigments in the aerial and substrate mycelia, assigned these isolates to the genus Streptomyces. The isolated organisms were screened for production of plant growth regulators, and the most active producer of indole-3-pyruvic acid was examined further. Using the described morphological, physiological, and biochemical criteria for identification, this organism was identified as Streptomyces griseoflavus. The optimal culture conditions for maximal production of both cellular and extracellular indole-3-pyruvic acid by S. griseoflavus were investigated and shown to be as follows: a culture medium composed of (g∙100 mL−1) NH4NO3, 0.55; DL-tryptophan, 0.4; NaCl, 0.7; at pH 7 (buffered); with an incubation period of 6 days at 28 °C in the dark and under shaking conditions.Key words: actinomycetes, plant growth regulators, Streptomyces griseoflavus, indole-3-pyruvic acid, culture conditions.

scholarly journals Paclobutrazol as a plant growth regulator

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bizuayehu Desta ◽  
Getachew Amare
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Plant Hormones ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Systemic Fungicide

AbstractPlant growth regulators are chemical substances which govern all the factors of development and growth within plants. The application of plant growth regulators to crops modifies hormonal balance and growth leading to increased yield, enhanced crop tolerance against abiotic stress and improved physiological trait of crops. Paclobutrazol (PBZ) [(2RS, 3RS)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)- 4, 4-dimethyl-2-(1H-1, 2, 4-trizol-1-yl)-pentan-3-ol], is one of the members of triazole family having growth regulating property. The growth regulating properties of PBZ are mediated by changes in the levels of important plant hormones including the gibberellins (GAs), abscisic acid (ABA) and cytokinins (CK). PBZ affects the isoprenoid pathway, and alters the levels of plant hormones by inhibiting gibberellin synthesis and increasing cytokinins level and consequent reduction in stem elongation. When gibberellins synthesis is inhibited, more precursors in the terpenoid pathway accumulate and that resulted in the production of abscisic acid. PBZ is more effective when applied to the growing media and application on the growing medium would give longer absorption time and more absorption of active ingredient than foliar spray. The application of PBZ to crops is important in reducing plant height to prevent lodging and in increasing number and weight of fruits per tree, in improving the fruit quality in terms of increases in carbohydrates, TSS, TSS/TA and decreases acidity. It further reduces evapo-transpiration and decreases plant moisture stress by enhancing the relative water content of leaf area and develops resistance in the plants against biotic and abiotic stresses. In addition, it acts as highly active systemic fungicide and used against several economically important fungal diseases. In this review, the current knowledge and possible applications of PBZ, which can be used to improve the growth, yield and quality of crops, have been reviewed and discussed. The role of PBZ to mitigate the harmful effects of environmental stresses in crops is also examined. Moreover, various biochemical and physiological processes leading to improved crop production under the effect of PBZ are discoursed in detail.

scholarly journals Alleviation of cold stress in vegetable crops

2020 ◽  
pp. 38-44
Author(s):  
Abdul Rasool Atayee ◽  
Mohammad Safar Noori
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Cold Stress ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Membrane Damage ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Vegetable Crops

Low temperature is a major environmental factor that limits crop productivity of plants. Cold stress is a serious threat to the sustainability of crop yields. Low temperature has a huge impact on the survival and geographical distribution of plants. It negatively affects cellular components and metabolism, and temperature extremes impose stresses of variable severity that depend on the intensity and duration of the stress. Low temperature (less than minimum) leads to chlorosis, necrosis, membrane damage, changes in cytoplasm viscosity, and changes in enzyme activities leading to death of plant. Cold stress disrupts the integrity of intracellular organelles, leading to the loss of compartmentalization. It also causes reduction and impairing of photosynthesis, protein assembly and general metabolic processes. Moreover, cold stress during anthesis induces flower dropping, sterility of pollen, pollen tube distortion, ovule abortion and reduced fruit set, which leads to declined growth and lower yield. A number of approaches are being used to mitigate the deleterious effects of cold stress which threatens the successful vegetable crop production, application of plant growth regulators (salicylic acid, abscisic acid, jasmonic acid, Gibberellin and brassinosteroids) and unitization of genetics tools and plant breeding is one of the strategies to alleviate the low temperature stress in vegetable crops. Plant growth regulators play a greater role in improving the cold stress tolerance. In this paper, the effects of cold stress on vegetable growth, productivity and physiological activities were discussed, and some effective techniques for the mitigation of cold stress that help sustainable vegetable production under fluctuating climate is presented.

scholarly journals Communication by Plant Growth Regulators in Roots and Shoots of Horticultural Crops

HortScience ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 1113-1117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anish Malladi ◽  
Jacqueline K. Burns
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Axillary Buds ◽  
Developmental Stress ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Horticultural Crops ◽  
Distance Communication ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid

Plant growth regulators (PGRs) play important roles in the way plants grow and develop. Myriad processes important to horticultural crops are regulated by PGRs. Changes in the presence, balance, and distribution of PGRs communicate developmental, stress-related, or environmental cues that alter growth. Short-distance communication involves changes in biosynthesis or metabolic conversion, whereas longer-distance communication may also require export and translocation of PGRs, their precursors or metabolites. Examples are presented that demonstrate PGR communication between roots and shoots in horticultural commodities. For example, increased duration and intensity of flooding stress can result in synthesis of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC), precursor of the PGR ethylene, in roots. ACC transported to the shoot through the transpiration stream is converted to ethylene and causes leaf epinasty. Roots sense the onset of water stress and can communicate the need to close leaf stomata by altering abscisic acid (ABA) levels in the shoot. Daylength and temperature regulate synthesis and transport of gibberellins, which promote stem elongation and stolon formation and inhibit tuberization in potato. Outgrowth of axillary buds following the decapitation of the apical meristem is dependent on synthesis and transport of cytokinin from root to the axillary buds as well as the balance of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) cytokinin, and additional messengers. Current research in the field of long-distance communication within plants is uncovering novel messengers and altering our view of the central roles for PGRs in such signaling.

Growth regulators restore germination of Orobanche seeds that are conditioned under water stress and suboptimal temperature

2006 ◽  
Vol 57 (11) ◽  
pp. 1195 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Song ◽  
W. J. Zhou ◽  
Z. L. Jin ◽  
D. Zhang ◽  
K. Yoneyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Combined Treatments ◽  
Suboptimal Temperature ◽  
Germination Stimulant ◽  
Positive Effects

Broomrapes (Orobanche spp.) are serious root parasitic weeds that cause great damage to crop production in many parts of the world. The study focussed on the influence of plant growth regulators on germination of Orobanche seeds conditioned under suboptimal temperature (at 13°C) and under water stress (at –1 and –2 MPa). Three widely distributed species of broomrapes (O. aegyptiaca, O. ramosa, and O. minor) were used in the experiments. Exogenous GA3 (10 mg/L), brassinolide (1 mg/L), and fluridone (10 mg/L) significantly increased the broomrape seed response to the germination stimulant GR24 (10–6 m) even when seeds were first conditioned at a suboptimal temperature and under water stress. The highest germination was obtained when the combined treatments with fluridone and brassinolide, or with GA3 and brassinolide were applied together with the germination stimulant. This indicates that there were additive effects among various plant growth regulators in the regulation of germination response in Orobanche seeds. With the prolongation of conditioning periods under low temperature stress, the restoration capacities of seed germination by a single growth regulator decreased, but the combined treatments of growth regulators retained their positive effects in restoring seed germination.

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