scholarly journals Management of powdery mildew of cluster bean through fungi toxicants

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-210
Author(s):  
Arun R. Sataraddi ◽  
Jitendra Kumar S. Hilli
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Complete Inhibition ◽  
Systemic Fungicides ◽  
Cluster Bean ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Cent Concentration ◽  
Potential Methods

Leveillula taurica causes severe powdery mildew on all aerial parts of cluster bean plant. The objective of the present work was to identify potential methods for managing cluster bean powdery mildew through fungicides. Field trials were conducted during Kharif 2019 and 2020 to evaluate the efficacy fungicides. Nine systemic fungicides were tested both under in-vitro and in-vivo conditions against cluster bean powdery mildew disease. In vitro evaluation of fungicides revealed that complete inhibition of conidial germination was observed in all systemic fungicides at 0.1 per cent concentration. However, under field conditions, penconazole at 0.05 per cent was found to be best fungicide which recorded least incidence 3.66 per cent followed by hexaconazole (5.83%) and propiconazole (6.83%).

scholarly journals In vitro and in vivo hepatoprotective activity of extracts of aerial parts of Bidens pilosa L (Asteraceae)

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 2371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rasha Hassan Abdel-Ghany ◽  
Waleed Mohammed Barakat ◽  
Abdelaaty Abdelaziz Shahat ◽  
Walid El-Sayed Abd-Allah ◽  
Elzahraa Atef Ali
Keyword(s):  
Hepatoprotective Activity ◽  
Bidens Pilosa ◽  
Aerial Parts

scholarly journals Jaceidin Flavonoid Isolated from Chiliadenus montanus Attenuates Tumor Progression in Mice via VEGF Inhibition: In Vivo and In Silico Studies

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1031 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sameh S. Elhady ◽  
Enas E. Eltamany ◽  
Amera E. Shaaban ◽  
Alaa A. Bagalagel ◽  
Yosra A. Muhammad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Line ◽  
Cancer Cell ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Cancer Cell Line ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Phytochemical Study ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
In Silico Studies

Phytochemical study of Chiliadenus montanus aerial parts afforded six compounds; Intermedeol (1), 5α-hydroperoxy-β-eudesmol (2), 5,7-dihydroxy-3,3’,4’-trimethoxyflavone (3), 5,7,4’-trihydroxy-3,6,3’-trimethoxyflavone (jaceidin) (4), eudesm-11,13-ene-1β,4β,7α-triol (5) and 1β,4β,7β,11-tetrahydroxyeudesmane (6). These compounds were identified based on their NMR spectral data. The isolated compounds were tested for their cytotoxicity against liver cancer cell line (HepG2) and breast cancer cell line (MCF-7). Jaceidin flavonoid (4) exhibited the highest cytotoxic effect in vitro. Therefore, both of jaceidin and C. montanus extract were evaluated for their in vivo anti-tumor activity against Ehrlich’s ascites carcinoma (EAC). Compared to control group, jaceidin and C. montanus extract decreased the tumor weight, improved the histological picture of tumor cells, lowered the levels of VEGF and ameliorate the oxidative stress. Molecular docking and in silico studies suggested that jaceidin was a selective inhibitor of VEGF-mediated angiogenesis with excellent membrane permeability and oral bioavailability.

scholarly journals Antidepressant Potential of Lotus corniculatus L. subsp. corniculatus: An Ethnobotany Based Approach

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 1299
Author(s):  
Fatma Tuğçe Gürağaç Dereli ◽  
Haroon Khan ◽  
Eduardo Sobarzo-Sánchez ◽  
Esra Küpeli Akkol
Keyword(s):  
Antidepressant Activity ◽  
Tail Suspension Test ◽  
Lotus Corniculatus ◽  
Antidepressant Effect ◽  
In Vivo Test ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Test Models ◽  
Bioassay Guided Fractionation

As a Turkish traditional medicinal plant, aerial parts of Lotus corniculatus L. subsp. corniculatus (Fabaceae) are used as a painkiller, antihemoroidal, diuretic and sedative. In this study, the antidepressant potential of the plant has been attempted to clarify. Extracts with water, n-Hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol were prepared respectively from the aerial parts. Antidepressant activity of the extracts were researched by using three different in vivo test models namely a tail suspension test, antagonism of tetrabenazine-induced hypothermia, ptosis, and suppression of locomotor activity and forced swimming test on male BALB/c mice and in vitro monoamine oxidase (MAO)-A and B inhibition assays. The results were evaluated through comparing with control and reference groups, and then active compounds of the active extract have been determined. Bioassay-guided fractionation of active fraction led to the isolation of three compounds and structures of the compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic methods. The data of this study demonstrate that the MeOH extract of the aerial parts of the plant showed remarkable in vivo antidepressant effect and the isolated compounds medicarpin-3-O-glucoside, gossypetin-3-O-glucoside and naringenin-7-O-glucoside (prunin) from the active sub-fractions could be responsible for the activity. Further mechanistic and toxicity studies are planned to develop new antidepressant-acting drugs.

scholarly journals Verticillium Wilt in Oilseed Rape—the Microbiome is Crucial for Disease Outbreaks as Well as for Efficient Suppression

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 866 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daria Rybakova ◽  
Mariann Wikström ◽  
Fia Birch-Jensen ◽  
Joeke Postma ◽  
Ralf Udo Ehlers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Verticillium Wilt ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Serratia Plymuthica ◽  
Hierarchical Selection

Microbiome management is a promising way to suppress verticillium wilt, a severe disease in Brassica caused by Verticillium longisporum. In order to improve current biocontrol strategies, we compared bacterial Verticillium antagonists in different assays using a hierarchical selection and evaluation scheme, and we integrated outcomes of our previous studies. The result was strongly dependent on the assessment method chosen (in vitro, in vivo, in situ), on the growth conditions of the plants and their genotype. The most promising biocontrol candidate identified was a Brassica endophyte Serratia plymuthica F20. Positive results were confirmed in field trials and by microscopically visualizing the three-way interaction. Applying antagonists in seed treatment contributes to an exceptionally low ecological footprint, supporting efficient economic and ecological solutions to controlling verticillium wilt. Indigenous microbiome, especially soil and seed microbiome, has been identified as key to understanding disease outbreaks and suppression. We suggest that verticillium wilt is a microbiome-driven disease caused by a reduction in microbial diversity within seeds and in the soil surrounding them. We strongly recommend integrating microbiome data in the development of new biocontrol and breeding strategies and combining both strategies with the aim of designing healthy microbiomes, thus making plants more resilient toward soil-borne pathogens.

scholarly journals In VitroandIn VivoAntimalarial Evaluations of Myrtle Extract, a Plant Traditionally Used for Treatment of Parasitic Disorders

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farzaneh Naghibi ◽  
Somayeh Esmaeili ◽  
Noor Rain Abdullah ◽  
Mehdi Nateghpour ◽  
Mahdieh Taghvai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Lines ◽  
Mammalian Cell ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Cytotoxic Activities ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Mammalian Cell Lines ◽  
Phytochemical Investigation

Based on the collected ethnobotanical data from the Traditional Medicine and Materia Medica Research Center (TMRC), Iran,Myrtus communisL. (myrtle) was selected for the assessment ofin vitroandin vivoantimalarial and cytotoxic activities. Methanolic extract of myrtle was prepared from the aerial parts and assessed for antiplasmodial activity, using the parasite lactate dehydrogenase (pLDH) assay against chloroquine-resistant (K1) and chloroquine-sensitive (3D7) strains ofPlasmodium falciparum. The 4-day suppressive test was employed to determine the parasitemia suppression of the myrtle extract againstP. berghei  in vivo. The IC50values of myrtle extract were 35.44 µg/ml against K1 and 0.87 µg/ml against 3D7. Myrtle extract showed a significant suppression of parasitaemia (84.8 ± 1.1% at 10 mg/kg/day) in mice infected withP. bergheiafter 4 days of treatment. Cytotoxic activity was carried out against mammalian cell lines using methyl thiazol tetrazolium (MTT) assay. No cytotoxic effect on mammalian cell lines up to 100 µg/mL was shown. The results support the traditional use of myrtle in malaria. Phytochemical investigation and understanding the mechanism of action would be in our upcoming project.

Studies in vitro and in vivo with powdery mildew fungicides

1973 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. CLIFFORD ◽  
E. C. HISLOP
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew

scholarly journals Chromatographic Fingerprint Analysis and Effects of the Medicinal Plant SpeciesMitracarpus frigiduson AdultSchistosoma mansoniWorms

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Luiz Fabri ◽  
Danielle Maria de Oliveira Aragão ◽  
Jônatas Rodrigues Florêncio ◽  
Nícolas de Castro Campos Pinto ◽  
Ana Carolina Alves Mattos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Spleen Weight ◽  
Fingerprint Analysis ◽  
Worm Count ◽  
Chromatographic Fingerprint ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Inverted Microscope ◽  
Hplc Profile

The aims of this work were to evaluate thein vitroandin vivoschistosomicidal properties of the methanolic extract of the aerial parts ofMitracarpus frigidus(MFM) and to determine its HPLC profile. For thein vitroexperiment, four pairs of adult worms, obtained from infected mice, were exposed to different concentrations of MFM (100 to 400 μg/mL) for 24 and 48 h and analyzed under an inverted microscope. For thein vivoexperiment, mice were inoculated with cercariae and, 20 days after infection, MFM (100 and 300 mg/kg) was administered orally for the following 25 days. Mice were euthanized after 60 days. MFM showedin vitroschistosomicidal activity, exhibiting the opening of the gynaecophoral canal of some male schistosomes, the presence of contorted muscles, vesicles, and the darkening of the paired worms skin.In vivoexperiments showed that MFM treatments significantly reduced total worm count, as praziquantel, showing a decrease in liver and spleen weight. Also, a significant reduction in granuloma density was observed. MFM treatment did not cause alterations in the liver function of either infected or noninfected mice. The HPLC chromatogram profile showed the presence of kaempferol-O-rutinoside, rutin, kaempferol, psychorubrin, and ursolic acid.

scholarly journals Phytochemistry and Pharmacology of Thymus broussonetii Boiss

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Hanae Naceiri Mrabti ◽  
Latifa Doudach ◽  
Naoual El Menyiy ◽  
Mohammed Bourhia ◽  
Ahmad Mohammad Salamatullah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Toxicological Studies ◽  
Toxicological Investigation ◽  
Antioxidant Effects

Thymus broussonetii Boiss (T. broussonetii) is a rare medicinal and aromatic plant. It is widely used in traditional medicine to treat several diseases, including diarrhea, fever, cough, irritation, skin diseases, rheumatism, respiratory ailments, influenza, and digestion problems. In this review, we have critically summarized previous data on T. broussonetii about its phytochemistry, botanical and geographical distribution, toxicological investigation, and pharmacological properties. Using scientific research databases such as Wiley Online, SciFinder, ScienceDirect, PubMed, SpringerLink, Web of Science, Scopus Wiley Online, and Google Scholar, the data on T. broussonetii were collected and discussed. The presented data regrouped bioactive compounds and biological activities of T. broussonetii. The findings of this work showed that essential oils and extracts of T. broussonetii exhibited numerous pharmacological activities (in vitro and in vivo), particularly antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, insecticidal, antipyretic, antinociceptive, and immunological and behavioral effects. While toxicological studies of T. broussonetii essential oils and extracts are lacking, modern scientific tools revealed the presence of different classes of secondary metabolites such as terpenoids, alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, coumarins, quinones, carotenoids, and steroids. T. broussonetii essential oils, especially from the aerial parts, exhibited potent antibacterial, antifungal, and antioxidant effects. An in-depth toxicological investigation is needed to validate the efficacy and safety of T. broussonetii extracts and essential oils and their secondary metabolites. However, further pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies should be performed to validate its bioavailability.

scholarly journals Warburgia ugandensis Leaf and Bark Extracts: An Alternative to Copper as Fungicide against Downy Mildew in Organic Viticulture?

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2765
Author(s):  
Christian Kraus ◽  
Rada Abou-Ammar ◽  
Andreas Schubert ◽  
Michael Fischer
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Downy Mildew ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Plasmopara Viticola ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Leaf Discs ◽  
Intensive Use

In organic viticulture, copper-based fungicides are commonly used to suppress Downy Mildew infection, caused by the oomycete Plasmopara viticola. However, the frequent and intensive use of such fungicides leads to accumulation of the heavy metal in soil and nearby waters with adverse effects on the ecosystem. Therefore, alternative, organic fungicides against Downy Mildew are urgently needed to reduce the copper load in vineyards. In this study, the use of Warburgia ugandensis Sprague (Family Canellacea) leaf and bark extracts as potential fungicides against Downy Mildew were evaluated. In vitro (microtiter) and in vivo (leaf discs, seedlings) tests were conducted, as well as field trials to determine the efficacy of the extracts against Downy Mildew. The results revealed an MIC100 of 500 µg/mL for the leaf extract and 5 µg/mL for the bark extract. Furthermore, experiments with leaf discs and seedlings demonstrated a strong protective effect of the extracts for up to 48 h under (semi-) controlled conditions. However, in field trials the efficacy of the extracts distinctly declined, regardless of the extracts’ origin and concentration.

scholarly journals In Silico, In Vitro, and In Vivo Antitumor and Anti-Inflammatory Evaluation of a Standardized Alkaloid-Enriched Fraction Obtained from Boehmeria caudata Sw. Aerial Parts

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (17) ◽  
pp. 4018
Author(s):  
Paula P. de Paiva ◽  
Julia H. B. Nunes ◽  
Fabiana R. Nonato ◽  
Ana L. T. G. Ruiz ◽  
Rafael R. T. Zafred ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Tumor ◽  
Antitumor Agent ◽  
Docking Studies ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Myeloperoxidase Activity ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
M Phase ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

In the context of the cancer-inflammation relationship and the use of natural products as potential antitumor and anti-inflammatory agents, the alkaloid-enriched fraction of Boehmeriacaudata (BcAEF) aerial parts was evaluated. In vitro antiproliferative studies with human tumor cell lines showed high activity at low concentrations. Further investigation on NCI-H460 cells showed an irreversible effect on cell proliferation, with cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase and programmed cell death induction. Molecular docking studies of four alkaloids identified in BcAEF with colchicine’s binding site on β-tubulin were performed, suggesting (−)-C (15R)-hydroxycryptopleurine as the main inductor of the observed mitotic death. In vivo studies showed that BcAEF was able to reduce Ehrlich tumor volume progression by 30 to 40%. Checking myeloperoxidase activity, BcAEF reduced neutrophils migration towards the tumor. The in vivo anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by chemically induced edema models. In croton oil-induced ear edema and carrageenan (CG)-induced paw edema models, BcAEF reduced edema around 70 to 80% together with inhibition of activation and/or migration of neutrophils to the inflammatory area. All together the results presented herein show BcAEF as a potent antitumor agent combining antiproliferative and anti-inflammatory properties, which could be further explored in (pre)clinical studies.

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