Metabolic risk factors in obesity and diabetes mellitus: implications in the pathogenesis and therapy

Diabetes and its complications are main causes of morbidity and mortality among adults in the USA. An increase in the number of individuals with diabetes is primarily attributed to changes in dietary patterns including increased consumption of obesogenic foods and beverages. Many individuals who are overweight and obese show signs of insulin resistance and are at increased risk of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular disease. Lifestyle interventions (i.e., physical activity and nutrition) are the cornerstone of T2DM management and prevention. Prior research attests to the health benefits of consuming nuts, which have a substantial amount of mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids, for individuals at risk for or with T2DM, and walnuts appear to be particularly promising. Walnuts are rich in nutrients, minerals, antioxidants, and vitamins that can contribute to improved cardio-metabolic risk factors in individuals at risk for or with T2DM. This review assesses the cardio-metabolic benefits of walnuts in T2DM. The authors’ review indicates that the reported effects of walnuts on glycaemic control have been inconclusive, with several studies showing association with improved glycaemic control while others show no effect. Despite their high energy density and potential to contribute to weight gain, the authors’ review suggests that walnuts can contribute to satiety without association with weight gain. This review also suggests that walnut consumption has been associated with improved low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and endothelial function but has not been associated with blood pressure improvement. Meta-analyses are warranted to quantitatively assess impact of walnut consumption on these cardio-metabolic risk factors in T2DM.

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Post-treatment heterogeneity of cardio-metabolic risk in acromegalic patients: The Impacts of GH and IGF-1

10.21203/rs.3.rs-49264/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Mahshid Heydari ◽

Nahid Hashemi Madani ◽

Zahra Emami ◽

Alireza Khajavi ◽

Mohammad Ghorbani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Multivariate Analysis ◽

Regression Models ◽

Metabolic Risk Factors ◽

Metabolic Risk ◽

Metabolic Abnormalities ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

The Impact ◽

Prevalence Of Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract Background: Metabolic abnormalities are frequently seen in patients with acromegaly. However, it is not clear to what extent GH /IGF-1 contribute to the development of these abnormalities. This study aimed to explore the impact of GH/IGF-1 on different aspects of metabolic abnormalities in patients with acromegaly. Methods: This retrospective, registry-based study conducted on 102 patients with acromegaly. Prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension (HTN), and dyslipidemia (DLP) at the time of diagnosis has been explored. Moreover, the impact of GH/IGF-1 on these cardio-metabolic risk factors at 3-12 months after surgery has been investigated using linear and logistic regression models.Results: At the time of diagnosis, the prevalence of cardio-metabolic risk factors was 79.17 % for DLP, 29.41% for DM, and 15% for HTN. Furthermore, each 1 ng/ml increase in the level of GH was significantly associated with 2 mg/dl increase in the level of FBS, 0.54 mmHg increase in the level of SBP, and 0.88 mmHg increase in the level of DBP. Upon multivariate analysis GH, but not IGF-1, significantly increased the odds of DM (OR; 1.17, 95% CI; 1.02-1.35, p= 0.025). Conclusions: Our findings showed at early postoperative stage, GH is significantly associated with the levels of FBS, SBP, and DBP. Moreover, GH, but not IGF-1, appears as a predictive factor for the presence of DM. However, neither GH nor IGF-1 could predict the presence of HTN, or DLP in this study.

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Dietary quality indices modify the effects of apolipoprotein B polymorphisms on cardio-metabolic risk factors in type 2 diabetes mellitus

10.21203/rs.3.rs-459756/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Elmira Karimi ◽

Gity Sotoudeh ◽

Masoumeh Rafiee ◽

Fariba Koohdani

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Apolipoprotein B ◽

Metabolic Risk Factors ◽

Dietary Quality ◽

Metabolic Risk ◽

Quality Indices

Abstract We tried to identify the interaction between dietary quality indices and apolipoprotein B Ins/Del and EcoR1 polymorphisms on cardio-metabolic risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This cross-sectional study recruited 700 adults with T2DM in Tehran. The genotypes of Ins/Del and EcoR1 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) were explored via polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Dietary quality index-international (DQI-I), healthy eating index-2015 (HEI-2015) and dietary phytochemical index (DPI) were calculated by semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). In both crude and adjusted model for confounding factors, we observed significant interactions between DQI-I and Ins/Del SNP on leptin in and 8-iso-prostaglandin F2 α (8-iso-PGF2α), DPI and EcoR1 SNP on total cholesterol (TC) and between Ins/Del SNP and HEI-2015 on interleukin-18 (IL-18). Furthermore, in crude model there were close to meaningful interactions between EcoR1 SNP and DQI-I on total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and between EcoR1 SNP and HEI-2015 on serum leptin and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels. Our finding indicated that the association between DQI-I, HEI-2015 and DPI with IL-18, TC, leptin and 8-iso-PGF2α in patients with T2DM might be dependent on Ins/Del and EcoR1 variants in ApoB gene.

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Intra-abdominal Fat Adiponectin Receptors Expression and Cardiovascular Metabolic Risk Factors in Obesity and Diabetes

Obesity Surgery ◽

10.1381/096089206777346736 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 16 (6) ◽

pp. 745-751 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Rosa Morínigo ◽

Melina Musri ◽

Josep Vidal ◽

Roser Casamitjana ◽

Salvadora Delgado ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Abdominal Fat ◽

Metabolic Risk Factors ◽

Metabolic Risk ◽

Adiponectin Receptors ◽

Obesity And Diabetes

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Interaction between the rs9356744 polymorphism and metabolic risk factors in relation to type 2 diabetes mellitus: The Cardiometabolic Risk in Chinese (CRC) Study

Journal of Diabetes and its Complications ◽

10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2021.107855 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 107855

Author(s):

Fei Teng ◽

Ruihao Qin ◽

Xuekui Liu ◽

Houfa Geng ◽

Wei Xu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk ◽

Metabolic Risk Factors ◽

Metabolic Risk

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Metabolic risk factors and risk of Covid-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0243600 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (12) ◽

pp. e0243600

Author(s):

Bahram Moazzami ◽

Shahla Chaichian ◽

Amir Kasaeian ◽

Shirin Djalalinia ◽

Meisam Akhlaghdoust ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Metabolic Risk Factors ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Significant Heterogeneity ◽

Metabolic Risk ◽

Services Delivery ◽

Obesity And Diabetes ◽

Pooled Prevalence

Objective Based on the epidemiologic findings of Covid-19 incidence; illness and mortality seem to be associated with metabolic risk factors. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the association of metabolic risk factors and risk of Covid-19. Methods This study was designed according to PRISMA guidelines. Two independent researchers searched for the relevant studies using PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Scopus. The search terms developed focusing on two main roots of “Covid-19” and “metabolic risk factors”. All relevant observational, analytical studies, review articles, and a meta-analysis on the adult population were included in this meta-analysis. Meta-analysis was performed using the random effect model for pooling proportions to address heterogeneity among studies. Data were analyzed using STATA package version 11.2, (StataCorp, USA). Results Through a comprehensive systematic search in the targeted databases we found 1124 papers, after running the proses of refining, 13 studies were included in the present meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of obesity in Covid-19 patients was 29% (95% CI: 14–47%). For Diabetes and Hypertension, these were 22% (95% CI: 12% 33%) and 32% (95% CI: 12% 56%), respectively. There was significant heterogeneity in the estimates of the three pooled prevalence without any significant small-study effects. Such warning points, to some extent, guide physicians and clinicians to better understand the importance of controlling co-morbid risk factors in prioritizing resource allocation and interventions. Conclusion The meta-analysis showed that hypertension is more prevalent than obesity and diabetes in patients with Covid-19 disease. The prevalence of co-morbid metabolic risk factors must be adopted for better management and priority settings of public health vaccination and other required interventions. The results may help to improve services delivery in COVID-19 patients, while helping to develop better policies for prevention and response to COVID-19 and its critical outcomes.

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