Does Gender Significantly Predict Academic, Athletic Career Motivation among NCAA Division I College Athletes

American society has had college athletics at its core for over a century (Rader, 2009) and is ubiquitous in University life. College athletes’ performances both on and off the field have been scrutinized in both popular and academic literature. Other examples include the documentation in student development literature that meaningful engagement outside traditional classroom settings can have positive effects on a student’s (athlete or not) personal development (Pascarella & Terenzini, 2005). College athletes’ individual experiences have received considerable attention in the popular media and literature as the pressures to perform both athletically and academically are vast (Benford, 2007; Meyer, 2005). Previous studies have explored the athletic environment in terms of the emergence of leadership, team dynamics, team cohesion, and the motivational climate (Adie, Duda, & Ntoumanis, 2008; Allen, & Howe, 1998; Balaguer, Duda, & Crespo, 1999; Medic, Mack, Wilson, & Starkes, 2007; Tsang, 2007). Other studies have focused more on individual attributes such as motivation to perform and participate, perceived ability, perceived competence, personal satisfaction, enjoyment, and social status (Amorose, & Horn, 2001; Hollembeak, & Amorose, 2005; Reinboth, & Duda, 2004; Sheldon, & Eccles, 2005; Van-Yperen, & Duda, 1999). The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of gender (men’s vs. women’s sports) on motivation towards academics, athletics, and career choice. Data were gleaned from male and female athletes at one large Midwestern NCAA Division I University using the Perceived Motivational Climate in Sport Questionnaire-2 (PMCSQ-2) and the Student Athlete’s Motivation toward Sports and Academics Questionnaire (SAMSAQ). Data are discussed and analyzed using various statistical methods and using Harter’s (1978) theory of perceived competence and Nicholls (1984) perceived theory of motivational climate to answer the theorized research question and hypotheses.

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Effect of Achilles Tendon Repair on Performance Outcomes After Return to Play in National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I Basketball Athletes

Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine ◽

10.1177/23259671211015239 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. 232596712110152

Author(s):

Rafael Sanchez ◽

Blake H. Hodgens ◽

Joseph S. Geller ◽

Samuel Huntley ◽

Jonathan Kaplan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ncaa Division I ◽

National Collegiate Athletic Association ◽

Performance Metrics ◽

Female Athletes ◽

Surgical Repair ◽

National Basketball Association ◽

Division I ◽

Return To Play ◽

Basketball Players ◽

Significant Drop

Background: Achilles tendon (AT) ruptures are devastating injuries that are highly prevalent among athletes. Despite our understanding of the effect of AT rupture and in particular its relationship to basketball, no study has examined the effects of AT rupture and repair on performance metrics in collegiate basketball players. Purpose: To evaluate the effect of AT rupture and subsequent surgical repair on performance metrics in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I basketball players who return to play after injury. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: NCAA Division I basketball players who sustained an AT rupture and underwent subsequent surgical repair between 2000 and 2019 were identified by systematically evaluating individual injury reports from databases comprising NCAA career statistics and individual school statistics; 65 male and 41 female players were identified. Athletes were included if they participated in at least one-half of the games of 1 collegiate season before tearing the AT and at least 1 season after operative repair. A total of 50 male and 30 female athletes were included. Each injured athlete was matched to a healthy control by conference, position, starter status at time of injury, class year, and number of games played. Matched controls were healthy players and experienced no significant injuries during their NCAA careers. Results: After AT repair, male athletes had significantly more minutes per game, points per game, and compared with before injury. Total blocks significantly decreased after injury. Female athletes scored significantly more points per game but demonstrated a significantly lower 3-point shooting percentage after return to play. Despite undergoing AT rupture and repair, 14% of male players played in the National Basketball Association, and 20% of injured female athletes played in the Women’s National Basketball Association. Conclusion: After returning to play, men demonstrated a significant drop-off in performance only in regard to total blocks. Female athletes after AT repair demonstrated a significant improvement in points per game but had a significant drop-off in 3-point shooting percentage.

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F185. A History of Concussion Predicts Brain Chemistry Changes in NCAA Division I College Athletes

Biological Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.biopsych.2018.02.799 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 83 (9) ◽

pp. S311

Author(s):

Xianfeng Shi ◽

Charles E. Bueler ◽

Erin McGlade ◽

Perry F. Renshaw ◽

Deborah Yurgelun-Todd

Keyword(s):

Ncaa Division I ◽

College Athletes ◽

Division I ◽

Brain Chemistry ◽

History Of

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Female Athletes in Retirement: A Test of a Psychosocial Model of Bulimic Symptomatology

Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology ◽

10.1123/jsep.2020-0023 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 42 (6) ◽

pp. 490-499

Author(s):

Stephanie L. Barrett ◽

Trent A. Petrie

Keyword(s):

Eating Disorders ◽

Ncaa Division I ◽

Latent Variables ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Female Athletes ◽

Collegiate Athletes ◽

Division I ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Female Collegiate Athletes ◽

Psychosocial Model

Although researchers have examined eating disorders in female athletes, few such studies have been done with athletes who are retired, and even fewer have been quantitative. Thus, the authors empirically tested an established eating disorder theoretical model with 218 former NCAA Division-I female collegiate athletes who had been retired for 2–6 years. In retirement, participants completed measures of general sociocultural pressures related to body and appearance, thin-ideal internalization, body dissatisfaction, dietary restraint, negative affect, and bulimic symptomatology. Through structural equation modeling, the authors examined the direct and indirect relationships among the latent variables while controlling for body mass index and years since retirement. The model fit the data well, supporting the hypothesized direct and indirect relationships among the variables and explaining 54% of the variance in bulimic symptomatology. Despite no longer being exposed to sport pressures that contribute to eating disorders, female athletes experience such symptoms long into retirement.

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Estimating body fat in NCAA Division I female athletes: a five-compartment model validation of laboratory methods

European Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1007/s00421-008-0881-9 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 105 (1) ◽

pp. 119-130 ◽

Cited By ~ 52

Author(s):

Jordan R. Moon ◽

Joan M. Eckerson ◽

Sarah E. Tobkin ◽

Abbie E. Smith ◽

Christopher M. Lockwood ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Model Validation ◽

Body Fat ◽

Ncaa Division I ◽

Female Athletes ◽

Compartment Model ◽

Division I ◽

Laboratory Methods

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A Comparison of Preseason Body Composition and Phase Angle in NCAA Division I Female Athletes

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise ◽

10.1249/01.mss.0000535565.17447.13 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 50 (5S) ◽

pp. 146

Author(s):

Takudzwa A. Madzima ◽

Svetlana Nepocatych ◽

Daniel A. Baur ◽

Kirtida Patel ◽

Walter R. Bixby

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Phase Angle ◽

Ncaa Division I ◽

Female Athletes ◽

Division I

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Policies on Screening Female Athletes for Iron Deficiency in NCAA Division I-A Institutions

International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism ◽

10.1123/ijsnem.13.3.277 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 277-285 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Brandy S. Cowell ◽

Christine A. Rosenbloom ◽

Robert Skinner ◽

Stephanie H. Summers

Keyword(s):

Iron Deficiency ◽

Ncaa Division I ◽

Online Survey ◽

National Collegiate Athletic Association ◽

Female Athletes ◽

The United States ◽

Division I ◽

Childbearing Age ◽

Treatment Protocols ◽

Control And Prevention

Iron deficiency is the most prevalent nutritional deficiency in the United States. This condition has been reported to affect 60% of female athletes. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention emphasize screening for anemia in women of childbearing age. The purpose of this study was to determine the number of National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I-A schools that implement screening for iron deficiency in female athletes as well as the screening policies for those who do. A link to an online survey was sent to 94 NCAA Division I-A schools to determine current practices concerning screening and treating female athletes for iron deficiency. There was a 58% response rate. Frequencies for each response were computed. Forty-three percent of responding institutions report screening female athletes for iron deficiency. This study suggests that screening for iron deficiency in female athletes at NCAA Division I-A schools is not a routine procedure and, for those who do screen, variability exists in the criteria for diagnosis, as well as in treatment protocols. Standard protocols for assessment and treatment of iron deficiency in female athletes need to be developed and implemented.

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Performance-Related Injuries and Exercise Orientation of National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I, II, and III Female Collegiate Cross Country Runners

Women in Sport and Physical Activity Journal ◽

10.1123/wspaj.13.2.17 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 17-26 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Sharon H. Thompson ◽

Presley Smith ◽

Rita DiGioacchino

Keyword(s):

Eating Disorders ◽

Ncaa Division I ◽

Female Athletes ◽

Division I ◽

Division Iii ◽

Exercise Time ◽

Menstrual Dysfunction ◽

Division Ii ◽

Subclinical Eating Disorders ◽

Division I Athletes

A serious commitment to sport and exercise may predispose female athletes to the development of eating disorders. The energy restriction and accompanying menstrual disorders that are often associated with eating disorders may increase female athletes’ injury risks. The purpose of this study was to assess NCAA Division I, II, and III female collegiate cross country athletes’ weekly exercise time, rates of injury, menstrual dysfunction, and subclinical eating disorder risks. A paper-pencil survey was completed by athletes (mean age = 19.64 years) from NCAA Division I (n = 82), Division II (n = 103) and Division III (n = 115) colleges across the United States. Division I athletes spent significantly more weekly exercise time (M = 687.97 minutes) than Division II (M = 512.38 minutes, p = .0007) or Division III (M = 501.32 minutes, p = .0003) athletes. When examining rates of menstrual dysfunction, 23 percent reported amenorrhea or oligomenorrhea. Over 60 percent (64.3%) of the athletes reported a performance-related injury, with the knee being the most commonly injured site. 24 percent (23.7%) of the athletes reported having stress fractures. Scores for subclinical eating disorders for Division I athletes were significantly higher (M = 87.11) than Division III athletes (M = 82.94, p = .0042). Division I female athletes may be at an increased risk of developing subclinical eating disorders compared to those competing in Division II or III. Because early identification of those with subclinical eating disorders prevents the progression to eating disorders, further study is warranted.

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Gender Differences in Perceived Intensity and Affect of Pain between Athletes and Nonathletes

Perceptual and Motor Skills ◽

10.2466/pms.1991.73.3.779 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 73 (3) ◽

pp. 779-786 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Evelyn G. Hall ◽

Simon Davies

Keyword(s):

Gender Differences ◽

Ncaa Division I ◽

Female Athletes ◽

Cold Water ◽

Division I ◽

Male Athletes ◽

Significant Group ◽

Perceived Intensity ◽

Pain Affect ◽

Track Athletes

The present investigation was conducted to test empirically possible gender differences between athletes and nonathletes on measures of perceived intensity and affect of pain. Athletes were 7 male and 7 female NCAA Division I track athletes. The nonathletes, 7 men and 7 women, were randomly selected from undergraduate classes in physical activities. Responses on visual analogue scales for perceived pain intensity and pain affect were recorded for a cold-water pressor test. Significant group differences examined by Bonferroni contrasts indicated differences between non-athletic women and the other 3 groups on intensity of pain and for male and female athletes on pain affect, as well as for male athletes and nonathletes on pain affect. Univariate analyses of variance indicated significant differences on intensity and affect associated with pain. Research must explore whether differences are related to socialization or personality.

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¿Por qué jugar? Sport socialization among Hispanic/Latina female NCAA division I student-athletes

Journal of Amateur Sport ◽

10.17161/jas.v3i2.6460 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 27-54 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Lindsey Darvin ◽

Alicia Cintron ◽

Meg Hancock

Keyword(s):

Intercollegiate Athletics ◽

Ncaa Division I ◽

Student Athletes ◽

Sport Participation ◽

National Collegiate Athletic Association ◽

Female Athletes ◽

Division I ◽

Elite Group ◽

Athletic Success ◽

Potential Factors

Representation of Hispanics/Latinas in intercollegiate athletics is lacking. During the 2014-2015 National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) athletic season, only 2.2 percent of all female Division I student-athlete’s identified as Hispanic or Latina (NCAA, 2015). This low percentage of Hispanic/Latina female participants calls into question how these young women become involved in athletics and sustain their involvement within sport. While previous research has examined the socialization processes of youth athletes and parents of youth athlete participants, there is little research aimed at examining these processes for elite-level athlete participants (Dorsch, Smith, & McDonough, 2015; Greendorfer, Blinde, & Pellegrini, 1986;). Thus, the aim of this current study was to examine the potential factors that may have contributed to consistent sport participation for an elite group of Hispanic/Latina female athletes throughout their youth and collegiate careers. Participants for this study identified as current NCAA Division I Hispanic/Latina female student-athletes. Results showed that family, specifically parents and siblings, contributed to socializing Hispanic/Latina athletes into sport, while family and coaches contributed to the persistence of their athletic endeavors. Findings also show a sense of cultural indifference, youth coaches who invested in the participants long-term, and a significant involvement of the patriarch of the family in their athletic success.

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