Gender Differences in Perceived Intensity and Affect of Pain between Athletes and Nonathletes

1991 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 779-786 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evelyn G. Hall ◽  
Simon Davies
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Ncaa Division I ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Division I ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Perceived Intensity ◽  
Pain Affect ◽  
Track Athletes

The present investigation was conducted to test empirically possible gender differences between athletes and nonathletes on measures of perceived intensity and affect of pain. Athletes were 7 male and 7 female NCAA Division I track athletes. The nonathletes, 7 men and 7 women, were randomly selected from undergraduate classes in physical activities. Responses on visual analogue scales for perceived pain intensity and pain affect were recorded for a cold-water pressor test. Significant group differences examined by Bonferroni contrasts indicated differences between non-athletic women and the other 3 groups on intensity of pain and for male and female athletes on pain affect, as well as for male athletes and nonathletes on pain affect. Univariate analyses of variance indicated significant differences on intensity and affect associated with pain. Research must explore whether differences are related to socialization or personality.

scholarly journals Effect of Achilles Tendon Repair on Performance Outcomes After Return to Play in National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I Basketball Athletes

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 232596712110152
Author(s):  
Rafael Sanchez ◽  
Blake H. Hodgens ◽  
Joseph S. Geller ◽  
Samuel Huntley ◽  
Jonathan Kaplan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ncaa Division I ◽  
National Collegiate Athletic Association ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Surgical Repair ◽  
National Basketball Association ◽  
Division I ◽  
Return To Play ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Significant Drop

Background: Achilles tendon (AT) ruptures are devastating injuries that are highly prevalent among athletes. Despite our understanding of the effect of AT rupture and in particular its relationship to basketball, no study has examined the effects of AT rupture and repair on performance metrics in collegiate basketball players. Purpose: To evaluate the effect of AT rupture and subsequent surgical repair on performance metrics in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I basketball players who return to play after injury. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: NCAA Division I basketball players who sustained an AT rupture and underwent subsequent surgical repair between 2000 and 2019 were identified by systematically evaluating individual injury reports from databases comprising NCAA career statistics and individual school statistics; 65 male and 41 female players were identified. Athletes were included if they participated in at least one-half of the games of 1 collegiate season before tearing the AT and at least 1 season after operative repair. A total of 50 male and 30 female athletes were included. Each injured athlete was matched to a healthy control by conference, position, starter status at time of injury, class year, and number of games played. Matched controls were healthy players and experienced no significant injuries during their NCAA careers. Results: After AT repair, male athletes had significantly more minutes per game, points per game, and compared with before injury. Total blocks significantly decreased after injury. Female athletes scored significantly more points per game but demonstrated a significantly lower 3-point shooting percentage after return to play. Despite undergoing AT rupture and repair, 14% of male players played in the National Basketball Association, and 20% of injured female athletes played in the Women’s National Basketball Association. Conclusion: After returning to play, men demonstrated a significant drop-off in performance only in regard to total blocks. Female athletes after AT repair demonstrated a significant improvement in points per game but had a significant drop-off in 3-point shooting percentage.

Female Athletes in Retirement: A Test of a Psychosocial Model of Bulimic Symptomatology

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 490-499
Author(s):  
Stephanie L. Barrett ◽  
Trent A. Petrie
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Ncaa Division I ◽  
Latent Variables ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Collegiate Athletes ◽  
Division I ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Female Collegiate Athletes ◽  
Psychosocial Model

Although researchers have examined eating disorders in female athletes, few such studies have been done with athletes who are retired, and even fewer have been quantitative. Thus, the authors empirically tested an established eating disorder theoretical model with 218 former NCAA Division-I female collegiate athletes who had been retired for 2–6 years. In retirement, participants completed measures of general sociocultural pressures related to body and appearance, thin-ideal internalization, body dissatisfaction, dietary restraint, negative affect, and bulimic symptomatology. Through structural equation modeling, the authors examined the direct and indirect relationships among the latent variables while controlling for body mass index and years since retirement. The model fit the data well, supporting the hypothesized direct and indirect relationships among the variables and explaining 54% of the variance in bulimic symptomatology. Despite no longer being exposed to sport pressures that contribute to eating disorders, female athletes experience such symptoms long into retirement.

Estimating body fat in NCAA Division I female athletes: a five-compartment model validation of laboratory methods

2008 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordan R. Moon ◽  
Joan M. Eckerson ◽  
Sarah E. Tobkin ◽  
Abbie E. Smith ◽  
Christopher M. Lockwood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Model Validation ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Ncaa Division I ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Compartment Model ◽  
Division I ◽  
Laboratory Methods

Nutrition Knowledge, Opinions, and Practices of Coaches and Athletic Trainers at a Division I University

2001 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 174-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Smith Rockwell ◽  
Sharon M. Nickols-Richardson ◽  
Forrest W. Thye
Keyword(s):  
Female Athletes ◽  
Athletic Trainers ◽  
Nutrition Knowledge ◽  
Division I ◽  
Registered Dietitians ◽  
Strength And Conditioning ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Nutritional Recommendations ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Analyze Data

The purpose of this investigation was to assess nutrition knowledge, opinions, and practices of coaches and trainers at a Division I university. Participants (n = 53) completed questionnaires regarding nutrition knowledge, opinions, and practices. Descriptive statistics and analysis of variance were used to analyze data. Overall, participants responded correctly to 67% of nutrition knowledge questions. Participants who coached/trained female athletes tended to score better than respondents who coached/trained male athletes. Strength and conditioning coaches and participants with greater than 15 years of experience scored higher than other participants. Nutrition opinions/practices responses revealed that nutritional supplements were provided for all but 6% of participants’ athletes. Participants rated body weight as more important than body composition to athletes’ performances. Over 30% of participants perceived at least one case of disordered eating within the past year. Some participants (53%) felt that athletes may consume more nutritious meals on team-sponsored trips if given larger food allowances. Thirty percent of participants reported dietitians were available to them; the same percentage reported utilizing dietitians. Coaches and trainers are knowledgeable about some appropriate nutritional recommendations, but registered dietitians or qualified sports nutrition professionals may complement the nutrition-related education and counseling of athletes (23).

scholarly journals Diferencias de sexo respecto de la ansiedad asociada a la competición deportiva (Gender differences in relation to anxiety associated with sports competitions)

Retos ◽  
2016 ◽  
pp. 193-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Javier Ponseti Verdaguer ◽  
Alexandre García Más ◽  
Jaume Cantallops Ramón ◽  
Josep Vidal Conti
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Team Sports ◽  
Competitive Sports ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Competitive Anxiety ◽  
Las Mujeres ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Multidimensional Concept

El presente trabajo retoma y actualiza las relaciones entre sexo y ansiedad en los deportes de competición. Se analizan las relaciones existentes entre el sexo, la ansiedad competitiva y el tipo de deporte practicado. Se han estudiado 126 deportistas federados de ambos sexos (43 nadadores y 83 baloncestistas), con una edad media de 14.85 años (DE= 2.41), durante la temporada 2013-14, a los cuales se les administró la versión adaptada al español de la Escala de Ansiedad Competitiva (SAS-2). Los resultados muestran que existe un nivel mayor de ansiedad competitiva en las mujeres que en los varones, de forma similar a hallazgos anteriores, aunque los resultados también indican diferencias entre deportes individuales y colectivos, así como diferencias entre los valores de los tres componentes de la ansiedad competitiva: somática, promotora de desconcentración y de preocupación por el rendimiento. Así, las mujeres muestran una mayor preocupación por el rendimiento y ansiedad somática que los hombres. Finalmente, se discuten los resultados en función de otros hallazgos y del concepto multidimensional de la ansiedad competitiva.Abstract. The relationship between gender and anxiety in competitive sports has been taken up and updated by this research. In fact, we analyzed the relation between gender, anxiety, and sports modalities. The study sample was composed by 126 federated female and male athletes (43 swimmers and 83 basketball players), with a mean age of 14.85 years (SD=2.41), during the season 2013-14. Athletes were administered the Spanish adapted version of Sport Anxiety Scale-2 (SAS-2). In line with previous findings, our results show that female athletes have higher competitive anxiety than their male colleagues. In addition, differences were found between individual and team sports, as well as comparing the values of the three components of competitive anxiety: somatic, lack of concentration, and concerns about performance. Women show greater concern about their performance, as well as higher somatic anxiety than men. Finally, the results are discussed and compared with other findings and with the multidimensional concept of competitive anxiety.

scholarly journals A Comparison of Preseason Body Composition and Phase Angle in NCAA Division I Female Athletes

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (5S) ◽  
pp. 146
Author(s):  
Takudzwa A. Madzima ◽  
Svetlana Nepocatych ◽  
Daniel A. Baur ◽  
Kirtida Patel ◽  
Walter R. Bixby
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Phase Angle ◽  
Ncaa Division I ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Division I

scholarly journals Gender Differences in Eating Disorder Risk among NCAA Division I Cross Country and Track Student-Athletes

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul A. Krebs ◽  
Christopher R. Dennison ◽  
Lisa Kellar ◽  
Jeff Lucas
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Ncaa Division I ◽  
Student Athletes ◽  
Division I ◽  
Distance Runners ◽  
Eating Disorder Risk ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Disorder Risk

Purpose. This study compared gender differences in eating disorder risk among NCAA Division I cross country and track distance running student-athletes. Methods. Six hundred thirty-eight male and female student-athletes competing at distances of 800m or greater completed the Eating Disorder Screen for Primary Care (ESP). Scores on the ESP were used as the risk of eating disorders. Results. Females screened positive at higher rates for risk of eating disorders than males on the ESP at a cutoff of 2 (sensitivity 90-100%, specificity 71%) with rates of 45.95%±3.03 and 13.66%±1.80, respectively. Females were also screened positive at higher rates than males at a stricter cutoff of 3 (sensitivity 81%, specificity 92%), with rates of 21.69%±2.50 compared to 4.64%±1.10, respectively. Conclusion. This study highlights that, among distance runners, both males and females are at risk of eating disorders, with females being at higher risk. It also emphasizes the need for screening for risk of eating disorders in this population.

Career Implications of Having a Female-Friendly Supervisor

ILR Review ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 426-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Bednar ◽  
Dora Gicheva
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Ncaa Division I ◽  
Athletic Directors ◽  
Division I ◽  
Head Coaches ◽  
Career Outcomes ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Workers ◽  
Mentoring Model

The authors study how variations in supervisors’ attitudes toward working with females generate gender differences in workers’ observed career outcomes. The employment records of athletic directors and head coaches in a set of NCAA Division I programs provide longitudinal matched employer–worker data. Supervisors are observed at multiple establishments, which allows the authors to construct a measure of revealed type and to examine its role for the performance and turnover of lower-level employees. The authors observe that the careers of male and female workers progress differently depending on supervisor type in a way that is consistent with a type-based mentoring model. The results suggest that more focus should be placed on managerial attitudes revealed through actions in addition to observable attributes such as gender.

Policies on Screening Female Athletes for Iron Deficiency in NCAA Division I-A Institutions

2003 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandy S. Cowell ◽  
Christine A. Rosenbloom ◽  
Robert Skinner ◽  
Stephanie H. Summers
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Ncaa Division I ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
National Collegiate Athletic Association ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
The United States ◽  
Division I ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Treatment Protocols ◽  
Control And Prevention

Iron deficiency is the most prevalent nutritional deficiency in the United States. This condition has been reported to affect 60% of female athletes. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention emphasize screening for anemia in women of childbearing age. The purpose of this study was to determine the number of National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I-A schools that implement screening for iron deficiency in female athletes as well as the screening policies for those who do. A link to an online survey was sent to 94 NCAA Division I-A schools to determine current practices concerning screening and treating female athletes for iron deficiency. There was a 58% response rate. Frequencies for each response were computed. Forty-three percent of responding institutions report screening female athletes for iron deficiency. This study suggests that screening for iron deficiency in female athletes at NCAA Division I-A schools is not a routine procedure and, for those who do screen, variability exists in the criteria for diagnosis, as well as in treatment protocols. Standard protocols for assessment and treatment of iron deficiency in female athletes need to be developed and implemented.

scholarly journals Hypovitaminosis D Is A Risk Factor for Posterior Chain Muscular Injury in NCAA Division I Track And Field Athletes

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (7_suppl5) ◽  
pp. 2325967119S0040
Author(s):  
Adam Lindsay ◽  
Omid Jalali ◽  
Shane Korber ◽  
Russ Romano ◽  
James E. Tibone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Ncaa Division I ◽  
Independent Risk Factor ◽  
Hypovitaminosis D ◽  
Track And Field ◽  
Division I ◽  
Muscular Injury ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
Track Athletes

Objectives: Currently little information is available in evaluating micronutrient requirements in elite athletes. Despite evidence that groups of NCAA athletes may be deficient in Vitamin D, no study to date has examined Vitamin D levels with respect to their predicative values for injuries to the ‘posterior chain’ musculature. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between hypovitaminosis D and posterior chain injuries in NCAA Division I track and field athletes. Methods: After IRB approval, we evaluated data for men’s and women’s outdoor track and field teams from 2015-2018 at a large NCAA Division I athletics program. Vitamin D levels were drawn during pre-season annual physicals. The cutoff for hypovitaminosis D was set at 40 nmol/L. Demographic and athletic tenure data were recorded and analyzed, and competitive events were grouped into one of four categories: 1) running events, 2) jumping events, 3) throwing events, and 4) multiple event types. Student T tests, chi-squared tests, and multivariate logistic regression were performed. Results: The analysis consisted of 145 (58% female, 42% male) NCAA Division I track athletes. Eighty-five of the 145 athletes had hypovitaminosis D. A full breakdown of athlete characteristics by vitamin D status can be seen in Figure 1 and Table 1. Of the 145 athletes analyzed, 33 (22.7%) suffered a muscular injury to their posterior chain musculature. Multinomial logistic regression identified hypovitaminosis D as an independent risk factor for posterior chain injury (relative risk ratio: 3.23, p=0.016). Age, BMI, and event type were not predictive of a posterior chain injury. Of note, 4 (4.7%) athletes in the hypovitaminosis D group suffered multiple posterior chain injuries, with 2 (2.4%) athletes suffering 2 separate injuries and 2 (2.4%) athletes suffering 3 separate injuries. None of the athletes in the normal Vitamin D group suffered multiple posterior chain injuries. Conclusion: These results demonstrate that pre-season hypovitaminosis D is an independent risk factor for posterior chain muscular injury in NCAA division I track athletes. These data suggest that early detection of hypovitaminosis D may play a critical role in injury prevention for these athletes. [Table: see text]

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