Study of Transmitted Power on Large Scale Fading Models in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-75
Author(s):  
K. Dotche ◽  
◽  
K. Diawuo
Keyword(s):  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Transmitted Power

scholarly journals Genotypic distribution of human oncogenic papillomaviruses in sexually active women in Burkina Faso: Central, Central-Eastern and Hauts-Bassins regions

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-136
Author(s):  
Rogomenoma Alice Ouedraogo ◽  
Théodora Mahoukèdè Zohoncon ◽  
Ina Marie Angèle Traore ◽  
Abdoul Karim Ouattara ◽  
Sindimalgdé Patricia Guigma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sexually Active ◽  
Cervical Lesions ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Genotypic Distribution ◽  
Hpv Genotypes ◽  
Central Eastern

AbstractObjectivethis study was conducted to determine the distribution of high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) genotypes in women in the general population of three regions of Burkina Faso.MethodThis multicenter, descriptive cross-sectional study involved 1321 sexually active women in five cities in three regions of Burkina Faso: Central, Central-Eastern and Hauts-Bassins regions. After collection of endocervical specimens, pre-cervical lesions were screened by visual inspection with acetic acid and lugol (VIA / VILI). HR-HPV genotypes were characterized by multiplex real-time PCR after extraction of viral DNA.ResultsThe mean age of women was 31.98 ± 10.09 years. The HR-HPV infection in the three regions ranged from 26.16% to 43.26% with 35.42% as overall prevalence in women. The most common HR-HPV genotypes in descending order were: HPV 56, 52, 66, 59, 39, 51, 18, 35. The prevalence of bivalent vaccine genotypes (HPV16 / 18) was 7.83% against 63.78% of genotypes not covered by HPV vaccine; 36.32% (170/468) of women had multiple concomitant HR-HPV infections.Conclusionthis study showed significant regional variation and high prevalence of HR-HPV infection in women. The predominant genotypes differ from those covered by available vaccines in Burkina Faso. These results will help guide our health policies towards better prevention of cervical cancer. The diversity of oncogenic genotypes is sparking a large-scale study in the West African sub-region, particularly in cases of cancer and the introduction of the nonavalent vaccine which includes HPV 52 found among the predominant genotypes in this study.

scholarly journals Plantes sahéliennes adaptées dans la récupération des terres dégradées et leurs usages pour la santé : cas de la province du Soum au Nord du Burkina Faso

2019 ◽  
pp. 6767-6783
Keyword(s):  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Oral Route ◽  
Main Concern ◽  
Ethnobotanical Survey ◽  
Degraded Lands ◽  
Reclaimed Land ◽  
Scientific Database ◽  
The North

1 RESUME Objectif : Le Burkina Faso, à l’instar des pays du Sahel subit une forte dégradation des terres suite à des sécheresses successives et aux activités anthropiques. La plantation des arbres demeure l’activité capitale pour restaurer l’écosystème sahélien. Cependant, le principal souci consiste à mettre en place une gestion durable des sites restaurés. L’objectif de cette étude est de faire connaitre les usages en médecine traditionnelle des espèces végétales les mieux adaptées dans la récupération des terres dégradées au nord du Burkina Faso. Méthodologie et résultats : Une enquête ethnobotanique a été menée dans 08 villages de la province du Soum au nord du Burkina Faso pour connaitre les plantes de cette région et les pratiques médicales traditionnelles des populations. Les résultats ont montré que 53 espèces réparties en 28 familles et 44 genres ont été répertoriées. Les FabaceaeMimosoideae, les Combretaceae, les Fabaceae-Caesalpinioideae et les Anacardiaceae étaient les familles les mieux représentées. Les maladies les plus rencontrées par les populations qui y vivent et traitées avec les plantes étaient les infections/infestations (20%), les troubles du système digestif (18%), les troubles gynéco-obstétrique et urologique (14%), les troubles cutané-dermatologiques (14%).Les feuilles étaient les parties les plus recommandées (43%) dans les recettes. La décoction (45%) comme mode de préparation des recettes et la voie orale comme mode d’administration (50%) étaient les plus indiquées. Vu le caractère particulier de la zone d’étude qui est fortement pastorale, 19% des plantes répertoriées étaient aussi utilisées pour les soins du bétail. Conclusion et application des résultats : Ces résultats constituent une base de données scientifique sur l’utilisation des espèces sahéliennes pour la santé en médecine R-Tiendrebeogo et al., 2019 Journal of Animal & Plant Sciences (J.Anim.Plant Sci. ISSN 2071-7024) Vol.41 (1): 6767-6783. https://doi.org/10.35759/JAnmPlSci.v41-1.4 traditionnelle. La valorisation des vertus thérapeutiques des plantes sahéliennes contribuerait à une gestion rationnelle de la biodiversité végétale, et serait une alternative pour une pérennisation des terres récupérées, voire une reforestation à grande échelle. Sahelian plants adapted in the recovery of degraded lands and their uses for health: case of the Soum province in northern Burkina Faso ABSTRACT Objective: Burkina Faso, like the Sahel countries suffers a major land degradation following successive droughts and human activities. The planting of trees remains the key activity to restore the Sahelian ecosystem. However, the main concern is to put in place a sustainable management of restored sites. The objective of this study is to make known the uses in traditional medicine of the plant species at best to the recovery of degraded lands in the north of Burkina Faso. Methodology and results: An ethnobotanical survey was conducted in 08 villages in the Soum province of northern Burkina Faso to find out about the plants of this region and the traditional medical practices of populations. The results showed that 53 species divided into 28 families and 44 genera were listed. Fabaceae-Mimosoideae, Combretaceae, Fabaceae-Caesalpinioideae and Anacardiaceae were the most represented families. The most common diseases encountered by the populations living there and treated with plants were infections / infestations (20%), disorders of the digestive system (18%), gynecological and obstetric disorders (14%), skin-dermatological (14%). Leaves were the most recommended parts (43%) in recipes. Decoction (45%) as a method of recipe preparation and the oral route as the method of administration (50%) were the most appropriate. Due to the special character of the study area which is highly pastoral, 19% of the listed plants were also used for livestock care. Conclusion and application of results: These results constitute a scientific database on the use of Sahelian species for health in traditional medicine. The valorization of therapeutic virtues of Sahelian plants would contribute to a rational management of plant biodiversity and would be an alternative for a perpetuation of reclaimed land, or even a large-scale reforestation.

scholarly journals Space and time predictions of schistosomiasis snail host population dynamics across hydrologic regimes in Burkina Faso

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Perez-Saez ◽  
Theophile Mande ◽  
Andrea Rinaldo
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Spatial Patterns ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Remotely Sensed ◽  
Host Population ◽  
Snail Host ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
National Scale ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation

The ecology of the aquatic snails that serve as obligatory intermediate hosts of human schistosomiasis is driven by climatic and hydrological factors which result in specific spatial patterns of occurrence and abundance. These patterns in turn affect, jointly with other determinants, the geography of the disease and the timing of transmission windows, with direct implications for the success of control and elimination programmes in the endemic countries. We address the spatial distribution of the intermediate hosts and their seasonal population dynamics within a predictive ecohydrological framework developed at the national scale for Burkina Faso, West Africa. The approach blends river network-wide information on hydrological ephemerality which conditions snail habitat suitability together with ensembles of discrete time ecological models forced by remotely sensed estimates of temperature and precipitation. The models were validated against up to four years of monthly snail abundance data. Simulations of model ensembles accounting for the uncertainty in remotely sensed products adequately reproduce observed snail demographic fluctuations observed in the field across habitat types, and produce national scale predictions by accounting for spatial patterns of hydrological conditions in the country. Geospatial estimates of seasonal snail abundance underpin large-scale, spatially explicit predictions of schistosomiasis incidence. This work can therefore contribute to the development of disease control and elimination programmes.

scholarly journals Spatial Coherence of Monsoon Onset over Western and Central Sahel (1950–2000)

2009 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 1313-1324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Romain Marteau ◽  
Vincent Moron ◽  
Nathalie Philippon
Keyword(s):  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Interannual Variability ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Spatial Coherence ◽  
Daily Rainfall ◽  
Local Scale ◽  
Monsoon Onset ◽  
Onset Date ◽  
Dry Spell

Abstract The spatial coherence of boreal monsoon onset over the western and central Sahel (Senegal, Mali, Burkina Faso) is studied through the analysis of daily rainfall data for 103 stations from 1950 to 2000. Onset date is defined using a local agronomic definition, that is, the first wet day (>1 mm) of 1 or 2 consecutive days receiving at least 20 mm without a 7-day dry spell receiving less than 5 mm in the following 20 days. Changing either the length or the amplitude of the initial wet spell, or both, or the length of the following dry spell modifies the long-term mean of local-scale onset date but has only a weak impact either on its interannual variability or its spatial coherence. Onset date exhibits a seasonal progression from southern Burkina Faso (mid-May) to northwestern Senegal and Saharian edges (early August). Interannual variability of the local-scale onset date does not seem to be strongly spatially coherent. The amount of common or covariant signal across the stations is far weaker than the interstation noise at the interannual time scale. In particular, a systematic spatially consistent advance or delay of the onset is hardly observed across the whole western and central Sahel. In consequence, the seasonal predictability of local-scale onset over the western and central Sahel associated, for example, with large-scale sea surface temperatures, is, at best, weak.

scholarly journals Persistent sub-microscopic Plasmodium falciparum parasitaemia 72 hours after treatment with artemether-lumefantrine predicts 42-day treatment failure in Mali and Burkina Faso

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khalid B Beshir ◽  
Nouhoum Diallo ◽  
Fabrice A Somé ◽  
Salif Sombie ◽  
Issaka Zongo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
West Africa ◽  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Day Treatment ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Parasite Clearance ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Clinical Episode ◽  
Randomised Controlled

A recent randomised controlled trial, WANECAM, conducted at seven centres in West Africa, found that artemether-lumefantrine, artesunate-amodiaquine, pyronaridine-artesunate and dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine all displayed good efficacy. However, artemether-lumefantrine was associated with a shorter interval between clinical episodes than the other regimens. In a further comparison of these therapies, we identified cases of persisting sub-microscopic parasitaemia by qPCR at 72h post-treatment among WANECAM participants from 5 sites in Mali and Burkina Faso, and compared treatment outcomes for this group to those with complete parasite clearance by 72h. Among 547 evaluable patients, 17.7% had qPCR-detectable parasitaemia at 72h during their first treatment episode. This proportion varied among sites, reflecting differences in malaria transmission intensity, but did not differ among pooled drug treatment groups. However, patients who received artemether-lumefantrine and were qPCR positive at 72h were significantly more likely to have microscopically-detectable recurrent Plasmodium falciparum parasitaemia by day 42 than those receiving other regimens, and experienced on average a shorter time-interval before the next clinical episode. Haplotypes of pfcrt and pfmdr1 were also evaluated in persisting parasites. These data identify a possible threat to the parasitological efficacy of artemether-lumefantrine in West Africa, over a decade since it was first introduced on a large scale.

scholarly journals Adoption of yield-increasing technologies in poorly integrated crop output markets

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-330
Author(s):  
Relwende Apollinaire Nikiema
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Market Integration ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Price Dispersion ◽  
Price Volatility ◽  
Market Development ◽  
Output Market ◽  
Spatial Price ◽  
The Relationship

This paper analyzes the relationship between crop output market and the use of modern inputs of farmers in developing countries. For this purpose, we used a large-scale household dataset collected in rural Burkina Faso. We found evidence that crop output market integration matters in farmer decision to adopt modern inputs. More specifically, an increase of the spatial price dispersion by 10% is significantly associated with a decrease of the probability of using modern inputs by 4%. However, price volatility affects neither the decision to use of the modern nor the intensity of adoption. Our finding implies that in order to succeed, agricultural interventions that target the adoption of modern inputs should be accompanied with market development measures.

scholarly journals The effect of recombination on the evolution of a population of Neisseria meningitidis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil MacAlasdair ◽  
Maiju Pesonen ◽  
Ola Brynildsrud ◽  
Vegard Eldholm ◽  
Paul A. Kristiansen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Neisseria Meningitidis ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Invasive Disease ◽  
Pathogen Transmission ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Recombination Hotspots ◽  
Sub Saharan

Neisseria meningitidis (the meningococcus) is a major human pathogen with a history of high invasive disease burden, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. Our current understanding of the evolution of meningococcal genomes is limited by the rarity of large-scale genomic population studies and lack of in-depth investigation of the genomic events associated with routine pathogen transmission. Here we fill this knowledge gap by a detailed analysis of 2,839 meningococcal genomes obtained through a carriage study of over 50,000 samples collected systematically in Burkina Faso, West Africa, before, during, and after the serogroup A vaccine rollout, 2009-2012. Our findings indicate that the meningococcal genome is highly dynamic, with recombination hotspots and frequent gene sharing across deeply separated lineages in a structured population. Furthermore, our findings illustrate the profound effect of population structure on genome flexibility, with some lineages in Burkina Faso being orders of magnitude more recombinant than others. We also examine the effect of selection on the population, in particular how it is correlated with recombination. We find that recombination principally acts to prevent the accumulation of deleterious mutations, although we do also find an example of recombination acting to speed the adaptation of a gene. In general, we show the importance of recombination in the evolution of a geographically expansive population with deep population structure in a short timescale. This has important consequences for our ability to both foresee the outcomes of vaccination programmes and, using surveillance data, predict when lineages of the meningococcus are likely to become a public health concern.

scholarly journals Evidence supporting deployment of next generation insecticide treated nets in Burkina Faso: bioassays with either chlorfenapyr or piperonyl butoxide increase mortality of pyrethroid-resistant Anopheles gambiae s.l.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sawdetuo Aristide HIEN ◽  
Dieudonné D. Soma ◽  
Dramane Coulibaly ◽  
Abdoulaye Diabaté ◽  
Allison Belemvire ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Anopheles Gambiae ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Pyrethroid Resistance ◽  
Piperonyl Butoxide ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Insecticide Treated Nets ◽  
Bobo Dioulasso ◽  
Sub Saharan

Abstract Background Pyrethroid resistance poses a major threat to the efficacy of insecticide treated nets (ITNs) in Burkina Faso and throughout sub-Saharan Africa, particularly when resistance is present at high intensity. For such areas there are alternative ITNs available, including the synergist piperonyl butoxide (PBO)-based ITNs and dual active ingredient ITNs such as Interceptor G2 (treated with chlorfenapyr and alpha-cypermethrin). Before deploying alternative ITNs on a large scale it is crucial to characterize the resistance profiles of primary malaria vector species for evidence-based decision making Methods Larvae from the predominant vector, Anopheles gambiae s.l., were collected from 15 sites located throughout Burkina Faso and reared to adults for bioassays to assess insecticide resistance status. Resistance intensity assays were conducted using WHO tube tests to determine the level of resistance to pyrethroids commonly used on ITNs at 1x, 5x and 10x times the diagnostic dose. WHO tube tests were also used for PBO synergist bioassays with deltamethrin and permethrin. Bottle bioassays were conducted to determine susceptibility to chlorfenapyr at a dose of 100µg/bottle. Results WHO tube tests revealed high intensity resistance in An. gambiae s.l. to deltamethrin and alpha-cypermethrin in all sites tested. Resistance intensity to permethrin was either moderate or high in 13 sites. PBO pre-exposure followed by deltamethrin restored full susceptibility in 1 site but partially restored susceptibility in all but one of the remaining sites (often reaching mortality greater than 80%). PBO pre-exposure followed by permethrin partially restored susceptibility in 12 sites. There was no significant increase in permethrin mortality after PBO pre-exposure in Kampti, Karangasso-Vigué or Mangodara; while in Seguenega, Orodara and Bobo-Dioulasso there was a significant increase in mortality, but rates remained below 50%. Susceptibility to chlorfenapyr was confirmed in 14 sites. Conclusion High pyrethroid resistance intensity in An. gambiae s.l. is widespread across Burkina Faso and may be a predictor of reduced pyrethroid ITN effectiveness. PBO + deltamethrin ITNs would likely provide greater control than pyrethroid nets. However, since susceptibility in bioassays was not restored in most sites following pre-exposure to PBO, Interceptor G2 may be a better long-term solution as susceptibility was recorded to chlorfenapyr in nearly all sites. This study provides evidence supporting the introduction of both Interceptor G2 nets and PBO nets, which were distributed in Burkina Faso in 2019 as part of a mass campaign.

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