scholarly journals Cultivated autologous oral mucosal epithelial transplantation

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-177
Author(s):  
S. A. Borzenok ◽  
B. E. Malyugin ◽  
M. Yu. Gerasimov ◽  
D. S. Ostrovsky
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
World Health ◽  
Epithelial Culture ◽  
The World ◽  
Corneal Blindness ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
Health Organization

According to the World Health Organization, corneal blindness is the fourth most common cause of blindness and visual impairment worldwide. In Russia, up to 18% of blindness is caused by corneal damage. Limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD) is one of the causes of corneal blindness and visual impairment due to anterior epithelial replacement with fibrovascular pannus. Bilateral LSCD may develop in patients with aniridia, Steven-Jones syndrome, and severe corneal burns of both eyes, leading to severe decrease in visual acuity in both eyes and, as a consequence, physical disability associated with blindness. In such cases, cell therapy, based on autologous oral epithelial culture as an alternative to allogeneic limbus transplants, is proposed for reconstruction of the anterior corneal epithelium. This new treatment method promotes corneal reepithelization, better visual acuity, reduced nonspecific ocular complaints and improved quality of life of patients. The effectiveness and significant increase in the frequency of transparent engraftment of donor corneas after cell therapy drives huge interest in this topic all over the world. This review presents literature data on the features of histotopography and methods for obtaining a cultured autologous oral mucosal epithelium, on cell markers that are used to identify epithelial cells, and on methods for creating cell grafts for subsequent transplantation to the corneal surface in LSCD patients.

scholarly journals The Prevalence and Causes of Visual Impairment among Children in Kenya – The Kenya Eye Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shadrack Muma ◽  
Stephen Obonyo
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Visual Impairment ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Refractive Error ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
World Health ◽  
The World ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Uncorrected Refractive Error

Abstract Background: Visual impairment is the partial or complete loss of vision and it is attributed to uncorrected refractive error. In Kenya, little attention has been directed towards children vision and causes of visual impairment. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate the prevalence and causes of visual impairment in the children population of Kenya.Methods: This cross-sectional population-based study included 3400 (1800, 52.9% female) randomly selected children with a mean age of 12 ± 2 years (range 5–16 years). Visual acuity was taken using Snellens chart at 6 meters. Anterior and posterior segment was assessed using slit lamp and indirect ophthalmoscope. The World Health Organization definition formed the baseline for calculating the mean prevalence of visual impairment.Results: Visual acuity measurements were available for 3240 (95.3%) participants. The mean prevalence of visual impairment, based on pin-hole value, using World Health Organization definition, was 1.7 ± 0.3%. The prevalence of visual impairment, based on presenting visual acuity value, was 2.4 ± 0.7%, using the World Health Organization definition. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that the presence of visual impairment on pin-hole, according to World Health Organization definition increased significantly with increasing age (odds ratio 1.230, P=.021) and increased uncorrected refractive error (odds ratio 0.834, P = .032). Cases of uncorrected refractive error remained the main cause for presenting visual impairment. Causes of visual impairment due to presenting visual acuity were nystagmus (14%), amblyopia (24%) and uncorrected refractive error (62%).Conclusion: The prevalence of visual impairment in Kenya is associated with age. Uncorrected refractive error remains the major causes of visual impairment.

scholarly journals The prevalence and causes of visual impairment among children in Kenya – the Kenya eye study

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shadrack Muma ◽  
Stephen Obonyo
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Visual Impairment ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Refractive Error ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
World Health ◽  
The World ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Uncorrected Refractive Error

Abstract Background Visual impairment is the partial or complete loss of vision in which the presenting visual acuity lie between 6/18-no perceptions of light. In Kenya, little attention has been directed towards children vision and causes of visual impairment. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate the prevalence and causes of visual impairment in the children population of Kenya. Methods This cross-sectional population-based study included 3400 (1800, 52.9% female) randomly selected children with a mean age of 12 ± 2 years (range 5–16 years). Visual acuity was taken using Snellens chart at 6 m. Anterior and posterior segment was assessed using slit lamp and indirect ophthalmoscope. The World Health Organization definition formed the baseline for calculating the mean prevalence of visual impairment. Results Visual acuity measurements were available for 3240 (95.3%) participants. The mean prevalence of visual impairment based on pin-hole value was 1.7 ± 0.3% using World Health Organization definition. The prevalence of visual impairment based on presenting visual acuity value was 2.4 ± 0.7% using the World Health Organization definition. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that the presence of visual impairment on pin-hole increased significantly with increasing age (odds ratio 1.230, P = .021) and uncorrected refractive error (odds ratio 0.834, P = .032) according to World Health Organization definition. Cases of uncorrected refractive error remained the major cause for presenting visual impairment. Causes of visual impairment due to presenting visual acuity were nystagmus (14%), amblyopia (24%) and uncorrected refractive error (62%). Conclusion The prevalence of visual impairment in Kenya is associated with age. Uncorrected refractive error remains the major causes of visual impairment.

scholarly journals The Prevalence and Causes of Visual Impairment among Children in Kenya – The Kenya Eye Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shadrack Muma ◽  
Stephen Obonyo
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Visual Impairment ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Refractive Error ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Population Based ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract BackgroundVisual impairment impacts negatively on quality of life. Kenya has a total fertility rate of 3.5 an indication of more younger generation. However, little is known on the prevalence and causes of visual impairment in the children population of Kenya.MethodsThis cross-sectional population-based study included 3400 (1800, 52.9% female) randomly selected children with a mean age of 12 ± 2 years (range 5–16 years) in Kenya. Visual acuity was taken using snellens chart at 6 meters. Anterior and posterior segments were assessed using slit lamp and indirect ophthalmoscope. The World Health Organization formed the baseline for calculating prevalence of visual impairment.ResultsVisual acuity measurements were available for 3240 (95.3%) participants. The prevalence of visual impairment, based on pin-hole value, using World Health Organization, was 1.7 ± 0.3%. The prevalence of visual impairment, based on presenting visual acuity value, was 2.4 ± 0.7%, using the World Health Organization definition. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that the presence of visual impairment on pin-hole, according to World Health Organization definition increased significantly with increasing age (odds ratio 1.230, P = .021) and increased astigmatism (odds ratio 0.834, P = .032), but not significantly associated with socioeconomic, ocular conditions after adjusting for age and astigmatism. Lack of refractive error correction was the most common reason for presenting visual impairment. Causes of visual impairment due to presenting visual acuity were amblyopia (24%), nystagmus (14%), myopia (49%) and hyperopia (13%).ConclusionThe prevalence of visual impairment in Kenya increased significantly with socio-economic activities. Uncorrected refractive error remains the major causes of visual impairment.

scholarly journals The Prevalence and Causes of Visual Impairment among Children in Kenya – The Kenya Eye Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shadrack Muma ◽  
Stephen Obonyo
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Visual Impairment ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Refractive Error ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
World Health ◽  
The World ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Uncorrected Refractive Error

Abstract Background: Visual impairment is the partial or complete loss of vision in which the presenting visual acuity lie between 6/18-no perceptions of light. In Kenya, little attention has been directed towards children vision and causes of visual impairment. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate the prevalence and causes of visual impairment in the children population of Kenya.Methods: This cross-sectional population-based study included 3400 (1800, 52.9% female) randomly selected children with a mean age of 12 ± 2 years (range 5–16 years). Visual acuity was taken using Snellens chart at 6 meters. Anterior and posterior segment was assessed using slit lamp and indirect ophthalmoscope. The World Health Organization definition formed the baseline for calculating the mean prevalence of visual impairment.Results: Visual acuity measurements were available for 3240 (95.3%) participants. The mean prevalence of visual impairment based on pin-hole value was 1.7 ± 0.3% using World Health Organization definition. The prevalence of visual impairment based on presenting visual acuity value was 2.4 ± 0.7% using the World Health Organization definition. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that the presence of visual impairment on pin-hole increased significantly with increasing age (odds ratio 1.230, P=.021) and uncorrected refractive error (odds ratio 0.834, P = .032) according to World Health Organization definition. Cases of uncorrected refractive error remained the major cause for presenting visual impairment. Causes of visual impairment due to presenting visual acuity were nystagmus (14%), amblyopia (24%) and uncorrected refractive error (62%).Conclusion: The prevalence of visual impairment in Kenya is associated with age. Uncorrected refractive error remains the major causes of visual impairment.

scholarly journals Rapid assessment of avoidable blindness in the northern eThekwini district of KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa

2015 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pirindhavellie Govender ◽  
Prasidh Ramson ◽  
Linda Visser ◽  
Kovin S. Naidoo
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Clinical Examination ◽  
Rapid Assessment ◽  
World Health ◽  
Study Region ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Coverage Rates

Aim: To determine the prevalence and causes of visual impairment, cataract surgical coverage and barriers to cataract surgery amongst people in the northern eThekwini district of KwaZuluNatal Province, South Africa.Method: Thirty-three clusters of 50 subjects ≥ 50 years old were randomly selected. Consenting subjects underwent enumeration to establish a demographic profile and thereafter a clinical examination. Visual acuity (VA) was measured with a Tumbling ‘E’ chart; participants having a VA < 6/18 were retested with a pinhole. If no improvement in VA occurred, subjects underwent clinical examination, including a dilated fundus exam where necessary, to determine the cause of visual impairment.Results: Of the 1650 subjects selected, 1542 (93.5%) were examined. The overall prevalence of blindness was 1.9%. The age- and gender-adjusted prevalence of blindness was 2.1%, severe visual impairment (SVI) 1.2%, and moderate visual impairment (MVI) 3.9%. Untreated cataract was the major cause of blindness (55.2%) and SVI (53.3%), and uncorrected refractive error was the major cause of MVI (49.1%). The cataract surgical coverage rate was 70% at visual acuity < 3/60 level; 51% at visual acuity < 6/60 level; and 38% at visual acuity < 6/18 level. Poor awareness of cataract surgical intervention was the main reason that participants with untreated cataracts had not used existing cataract services.Conclusion: The prevalence of blindness in the study region was lower (by 1.98%) than World Health Organization estimates of 9% for the Africa-E sub-region (within which South Africa falls). There is no permanent cataract service in this region; the lower cataract surgical coverage rates indicate that a permanent eye care centre could significantly alleviate avoidable blindness, particularly that caused by cataract.

Application Mobile Design for Blind People

2020 ◽  
pp. 79-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alma L. Esparza Maldonado ◽  
Alberto Montoya Bironche ◽  
Elizabeth Vazquez Garcia ◽  
Francisco Javier Álvarez Rodríguez ◽  
Edgard Benítez-Guerrero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Software Process ◽  
World Health ◽  
Blind People ◽  
Visual Disabilities ◽  
Mobile Design ◽  
Quality Product ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The City

The team software process is a methodology focused on software development on gears, which at the end of the construction ensures product quality. This quality must be taken into account for people with disabilities like visual impairment. According to World Health Organization, in a study conducted in 2010, the number of people with visual impairment in the world is around 285,389 million people, and in America, it is around 26,612 million. This chapter focuses on using the TSP for the construction of an application for people with visual disabilities, resulting in a quality product that will help in memory and, in addition, the user learns about the city of Aguascalientes, Mexico, allowing the inclusion of these users in society.

scholarly journals A Homeopathic Treatment İn a Female Patient with İnfertility

2022 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-02
Author(s):  
Hayriye Alp
Keyword(s):  
Female Patient ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Infertility Treatment ◽  
World Health ◽  
First Marriage ◽  
Natural Remedy ◽  
The World ◽  
Hormonal Balance ◽  
Β Hcg ◽  
Health Organization

There is a physiological balance between our systems in our body. When this physiological balance is disturbed, diseases ocur. Infertility; It is defined as not having a pregnancy despite the couples having regular sexual intercourse. Homeopathy, a natural remedy that has been used widely all over the world for 200 years system. It has been recognized by the World Health Organization (WHO) as the second largest treatment method used worldwide. Although it is the most popular form of treatment in India and South America, it is also used by over 30 million people in Europe and millions of other people around the world. A female patient 33 years old who applied to Getat Polk for infertility had also divorsed from her first marriage for 8 years due to infertility. She continued her infertility treatment during her marriage. Tsh 1.93Uıu/ml, t3 3,05 pg/ml,t4 0.76ng/dl. Glukose 82mg/ml, d vitamine 8ng/ml, b12 270pg/ml, total cholesterol 176mg/ml, creatinine 0.63mg/dl tg 77 mg/dl fe 38ug/dl AST 19 U/L E stradiole 46ug/l LH 12,42IU/L Ferritine 8.51 ug/l hemoglobine 11.8g/dl .After a detailed anamnesis, the patient was started on Hyos c30 2*1, Ignatia c30 2*1, and folliculunum c200 2*1 (1st and 14th days of menstruation) in December 2020. The patient was 7 weeks pregnant in september 2021.β-Hcg 15000Mıu/ml Fe 171 ug/dl. Hormonal balance in women is very sensitive and easily effected, either by endogen or exogen disturbances. Pressure and suppression induced by dominant forces on an individual such as dominant parents, husband, harassment at work or religions dominance can be a cause to create a so called Folliculinum state, as well as results from immune system suffering after long lasting and profound infection, which is suppressed by medication.

scholarly journals INCLUSÃO ESCOLAR COM ÊNFASE NA DEFICIÊNCIA VISUAL

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauane Freitas Leal URZEDO ◽  
Carlos Alberto Maioli JORGE ◽  
Carlos de Paula PORTELA
Keyword(s):  
Visual Impairment ◽  
World Health ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Labor Rights ◽  
Daily Routine ◽  
Teaching Resources ◽  
The World ◽  
Impaired People ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Culture Education

Segundo a Organização Mundial de Saúde, 170 milhões de pessoas de pessoas no mundo possuem algum tipo de deficiência visual. Destas, cerca de 40 milhões são cegas, enquanto que algo em torno de 130 milhões de pessoas possui limitações severas de visão. Ainda segundo este órgão, estes números irão dobrar até 2020, em decorrência destes dados, é de extrema importância para a sociedade a inclusão do deficiente visual. No Brasil, desde a década de 90 têm sido propostas e implementadas políticas de inclusão das pessoas com alguma deficiência, as quais abrangem direitos trabalhistas, acesso amplo ao lazer e à cultura, aprendizagem, etc. Entretanto, tendo em vista os inúmeros problemas existentes nos setores voltados à educação, percebe-se que os professores em geral enfrentam inúmeras dificuldades e desafios no seu dia-a-dia e não contam com uma capacitação adequada para atender aos anseios da sociedade pela inclusão das pessoas com deficiência, principalmente as que possuem limitações na percepção visual. Diante disso, ressalta-se a importância de conhecer melhor as características e as dificuldades escolares enfrentadas pela pessoa com deficiência visual, bem como o que tem sido feito em benefício delas ao redor do mundo e no Brasil. Assim, o presente estudo tem como objetivo principal apresentar um panorama geral sobre a deficiência visual no Brasil, enfocando metodologias e tecnologias que favorecem a inclusão da pessoa com deficiência visual, particularmente nas instituições de ensino. Serão realizadas buscas “online” por artigos periódicos científicos bem como por livros e outros materiais, com vistas a compor uma revisão bibliográfica crítica, demonstrando a viabilidade das metodologias e materiais de ensino existentes e sua aplicabilidade para a inclusão das pessoas com deficiência.   SCHOOL INCLUSION MINORED IN VISUAL IMPAIRMENT ABSTRACT According to the World Health Organization, 170 million people around the world have any kind of visual impairment, 40 million are blind and 130 million have severe sight limitations. It is estimated that such situation tends to get worse, mostly when they enter in the educational system. The present paper aims to present an overview about visual impairment in Brazil, minoring methodologies and technologies that benefit visual impaired subjects, mainly at educational institutions. It was decided to perform “online” searches for articles in scientific journals as well as books and other material as a methodology to accomplish a narrative bibliographic review. According to the results obtained, it was verified that since the nineties, outlines and inclusion policies for visual impaired people have been implemented in Brazil; they cover labor rights, access to leisure and culture, education, etc. However, it can be noticed that teachers, in general, ignore several difficulties and challenges those individuals face in their daily routine added to the fact they do not receive proper trainee to assist the needs for the inclusion of impaired people, chiefly the visual impaired ones. Conversely, several education enabling mechanisms related to visual impairment were observed, such as equipment and technology as well as data from visual impaired people and the viability of the methodologies and teaching materials created to benefit those individuals. Keywords: Visual Impairment. Inclusion. Teaching. Teaching Resources. Inclusive Technology. Teacher’s Development.

scholarly journals INDIKASI BEDAH KATARAK DI POLIKLINIK MATA BLU RSUP PROF. Dr. R.D. KANDOU MANADO

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Indra ◽  
Harry J. G. Sumual ◽  
Laya M. Rares
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Cataract Surgery ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Study Data ◽  
World Health ◽  
Surgical Indications ◽  
The World ◽  
Keywords Cataract Surgery ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Medical Indications

Abstract: According to the World Health Organization (WHO), cataracts are the leading cause of blindness and visual impairment throughout the world. Cataract surgical indications are classified into three groups: 1) visual acuity rehabilitation, 2) medical indications, and 3) cosmetic indications. This study aimed to obtain the indications for cataract surgery at the Ophthalmology Department of Prof. Dr. R.D. Kandou Hospital Manado. This was a descriptive retrospective study. Data were collected from the medical records at the Ophthalmology Department of Prof. Dr. R.D. Kandou Hospital. The results showed that there were 84 cataract patients who underwent cataract surgery from January to June 2012. Based on the indications of cataracts surgery, visual acuity rehabilitation were found in 81 cases (96.43%) and medical indications in 3 cases (3.57%). Conclusion: In these results, it was found that the most cases requiring cataract surgery were in the group: visual acuity rehabilitation. Cosmetic indication was not found in this study. Keywords: cataract, surgery, indication.    Abstrak: Berdasarkan WHO, katarak merupakan penyebab utama kebutaan dan gangguan penglihatan di dunia. Terdapat tiga kelompok indikasi bedah katarak, yaitu: 1) rehabilitasi ketajaman penglihatan, 2) indikasi medis, dan 3) indikasi kosmetik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui indikasi yang mendorong dilakukannya bedah katarak di Poliklinik Mata BLU RSUP Prof. Dr. R.D. Kandou Manado. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif retrospektif dengan menggunakan data dari catatan medis di Poliklinik Mata BLU RSUP Prof. Dr. R.D. Kandou Manado. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa terdapat 84 kasus bedah katarak periode Januari-Juni 2012. Berdasarkan indikasi bedah katarak terdapat 81 kasus (96,43%) dengan indikasi rehabilitasi ketajaman penglihatan dan 3 kasus (3,57%) dengan indikasi medis. Simpulan: Indikasi bedah katarak yang paling sering ditemukan di Poliklinik Mata BLU RSUP Prof. Dr. R.D. Kandou Manado ialah rehabilitasi ketajaman penglihatan. Indikasi kosmetik tidak ditemukan dalam penelitian ini. Kata kunci: katarak, indikasi, bedah.

BlueEyes

2019 ◽  
pp. 405-428
Author(s):  
Ana Rita Teixeira ◽  
Anabela Gomes ◽  
Joao Gilberto Orvalho
Keyword(s):  
Visual Impairment ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Contact Lenses ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Multimodal Interfaces ◽  
World Health ◽  
Blind People ◽  
Visual Disabilities ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

As reported by the World Health Organization, an estimated 253 million live with visual impairment that cannot be corrected with glasses or contact lenses. It's necessary to bring awareness and understanding of the challenges blind people face and help to motivate research into new technology to answer those questions. This chapter starts to identify the challenges people with visual disabilities face in their life. The problem of navigation and orientation as well as the different possibilities to deal with the locomotion situation is also addressed. It describes the traditional navigational solutions as well as other which involves more sophisticated technological devices and their multimodal interfaces. The chapter ends with the description of the BlueEyes project, consisting in a solution using beacons to help blind people moving in a city. The phases of the project are described, and the actual research situations is also slightly explained.

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