scholarly journals INCLUSÃO ESCOLAR COM ÊNFASE NA DEFICIÊNCIA VISUAL

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauane Freitas Leal URZEDO ◽  
Carlos Alberto Maioli JORGE ◽  
Carlos de Paula PORTELA
Keyword(s):  
Visual Impairment ◽  
World Health ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Labor Rights ◽  
Daily Routine ◽  
Teaching Resources ◽  
The World ◽  
Impaired People ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Culture Education

Segundo a Organização Mundial de Saúde, 170 milhões de pessoas de pessoas no mundo possuem algum tipo de deficiência visual. Destas, cerca de 40 milhões são cegas, enquanto que algo em torno de 130 milhões de pessoas possui limitações severas de visão. Ainda segundo este órgão, estes números irão dobrar até 2020, em decorrência destes dados, é de extrema importância para a sociedade a inclusão do deficiente visual. No Brasil, desde a década de 90 têm sido propostas e implementadas políticas de inclusão das pessoas com alguma deficiência, as quais abrangem direitos trabalhistas, acesso amplo ao lazer e à cultura, aprendizagem, etc. Entretanto, tendo em vista os inúmeros problemas existentes nos setores voltados à educação, percebe-se que os professores em geral enfrentam inúmeras dificuldades e desafios no seu dia-a-dia e não contam com uma capacitação adequada para atender aos anseios da sociedade pela inclusão das pessoas com deficiência, principalmente as que possuem limitações na percepção visual. Diante disso, ressalta-se a importância de conhecer melhor as características e as dificuldades escolares enfrentadas pela pessoa com deficiência visual, bem como o que tem sido feito em benefício delas ao redor do mundo e no Brasil. Assim, o presente estudo tem como objetivo principal apresentar um panorama geral sobre a deficiência visual no Brasil, enfocando metodologias e tecnologias que favorecem a inclusão da pessoa com deficiência visual, particularmente nas instituições de ensino. Serão realizadas buscas “online” por artigos periódicos científicos bem como por livros e outros materiais, com vistas a compor uma revisão bibliográfica crítica, demonstrando a viabilidade das metodologias e materiais de ensino existentes e sua aplicabilidade para a inclusão das pessoas com deficiência.   SCHOOL INCLUSION MINORED IN VISUAL IMPAIRMENT ABSTRACT According to the World Health Organization, 170 million people around the world have any kind of visual impairment, 40 million are blind and 130 million have severe sight limitations. It is estimated that such situation tends to get worse, mostly when they enter in the educational system. The present paper aims to present an overview about visual impairment in Brazil, minoring methodologies and technologies that benefit visual impaired subjects, mainly at educational institutions. It was decided to perform “online” searches for articles in scientific journals as well as books and other material as a methodology to accomplish a narrative bibliographic review. According to the results obtained, it was verified that since the nineties, outlines and inclusion policies for visual impaired people have been implemented in Brazil; they cover labor rights, access to leisure and culture, education, etc. However, it can be noticed that teachers, in general, ignore several difficulties and challenges those individuals face in their daily routine added to the fact they do not receive proper trainee to assist the needs for the inclusion of impaired people, chiefly the visual impaired ones. Conversely, several education enabling mechanisms related to visual impairment were observed, such as equipment and technology as well as data from visual impaired people and the viability of the methodologies and teaching materials created to benefit those individuals. Keywords: Visual Impairment. Inclusion. Teaching. Teaching Resources. Inclusive Technology. Teacher’s Development.

scholarly journals Cultivated autologous oral mucosal epithelial transplantation

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-177
Author(s):  
S. A. Borzenok ◽  
B. E. Malyugin ◽  
M. Yu. Gerasimov ◽  
D. S. Ostrovsky
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
World Health ◽  
Epithelial Culture ◽  
The World ◽  
Corneal Blindness ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
Health Organization

According to the World Health Organization, corneal blindness is the fourth most common cause of blindness and visual impairment worldwide. In Russia, up to 18% of blindness is caused by corneal damage. Limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD) is one of the causes of corneal blindness and visual impairment due to anterior epithelial replacement with fibrovascular pannus. Bilateral LSCD may develop in patients with aniridia, Steven-Jones syndrome, and severe corneal burns of both eyes, leading to severe decrease in visual acuity in both eyes and, as a consequence, physical disability associated with blindness. In such cases, cell therapy, based on autologous oral epithelial culture as an alternative to allogeneic limbus transplants, is proposed for reconstruction of the anterior corneal epithelium. This new treatment method promotes corneal reepithelization, better visual acuity, reduced nonspecific ocular complaints and improved quality of life of patients. The effectiveness and significant increase in the frequency of transparent engraftment of donor corneas after cell therapy drives huge interest in this topic all over the world. This review presents literature data on the features of histotopography and methods for obtaining a cultured autologous oral mucosal epithelium, on cell markers that are used to identify epithelial cells, and on methods for creating cell grafts for subsequent transplantation to the corneal surface in LSCD patients.

A Study on Educational Transformation through Evolution of Online Learning in the times of COVID-19 in India

2021 ◽  
pp. 172-178
Author(s):  
Jyoti Tandon
Keyword(s):  
Online Learning ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
World Health ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
The World ◽  
E Learning ◽  
Learning Modes ◽  
The Times ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Health Organization

Educational institutions (schools, colleges, and universities) in India have always followed traditional modes of teaching and learning wherein the teachers impart the lectures and the students undertake the instructions and guidance in a face-to-face medium. But, with the advent of covid-19, educational institutions in India were left with no choice but to switch to online mediums for imparting instructions. The sudden outbreak of Covid-19 impacted the entire world in an unparalleled manner and had put us all to witness a never seen before deadly virus Corona Virus (SARS-CoV-2) that shook us all. World Health Organization recognized the devastating effects of Covid and declared it as a global pandemic. One of the major challenges faced by the institutions around the world was in continuing learning in traditional set-up; thus the educators around the world shifted to online modes of teaching and learning. This article incorporates the learning and significance of e-learning and Strengths, Weaknesses, and Opportunities of e-learning modes in the wake of a crisis situation. This article also additionally puts some light on the challenges faced by the institution with reference to imparting education through online learning modes.

scholarly journals Mechanical upgrade to a proposed mechanical transition ventilation

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Roberto Alejandro Reyes-Martínez ◽  
María Elena Miranda-Pascual ◽  
José Jaime Esqueda-Elizondo ◽  
Diego Armando Trujillo-Toledo
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
World Health ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Mechanical Ventilator ◽  
Mechanical Ventilators ◽  
Technical Requirements ◽  
The World ◽  
Minimum Requirements ◽  
Mechanical Transition ◽  
Health Organization

Due to the contingency situation that has been generated in various parts of the world and the declaration of a pandemic carried out by the World Health Organization against the Sars-CoV-2 virus, various people, educational institutions and companies are carrying out the development of mechanical ventilators that can meet the need for this equipment in their countries. This paper shows experiences obtained in the design and construction of a transitional mechanical ventilator that allows compliance with the minimum requirements that doctors and healthcare professionals consider when a person is piped. Also, it helps in the seek to comply the regulations that the federal government agency elaborates with the purpose of reviewing the existing proposals for open source mechanical ventilators. It also contains the technical requirements that are need to be covered by the designers. These regulations cover the feasibility for replicating the ventilators proposed, based on certain factors that will be described in this paper. Once the ventilators have been tested, its improvement is carried out from the mechanical part, considering the electrical element to be used, in order to obtain a transitional mechanical ventilator that could be easily replicated with national suppliers.

scholarly journals The Prevalence and Causes of Visual Impairment among Children in Kenya – The Kenya Eye Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shadrack Muma ◽  
Stephen Obonyo
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Visual Impairment ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Refractive Error ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
World Health ◽  
The World ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Uncorrected Refractive Error

Abstract Background: Visual impairment is the partial or complete loss of vision and it is attributed to uncorrected refractive error. In Kenya, little attention has been directed towards children vision and causes of visual impairment. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate the prevalence and causes of visual impairment in the children population of Kenya.Methods: This cross-sectional population-based study included 3400 (1800, 52.9% female) randomly selected children with a mean age of 12 ± 2 years (range 5–16 years). Visual acuity was taken using Snellens chart at 6 meters. Anterior and posterior segment was assessed using slit lamp and indirect ophthalmoscope. The World Health Organization definition formed the baseline for calculating the mean prevalence of visual impairment.Results: Visual acuity measurements were available for 3240 (95.3%) participants. The mean prevalence of visual impairment, based on pin-hole value, using World Health Organization definition, was 1.7 ± 0.3%. The prevalence of visual impairment, based on presenting visual acuity value, was 2.4 ± 0.7%, using the World Health Organization definition. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that the presence of visual impairment on pin-hole, according to World Health Organization definition increased significantly with increasing age (odds ratio 1.230, P=.021) and increased uncorrected refractive error (odds ratio 0.834, P = .032). Cases of uncorrected refractive error remained the main cause for presenting visual impairment. Causes of visual impairment due to presenting visual acuity were nystagmus (14%), amblyopia (24%) and uncorrected refractive error (62%).Conclusion: The prevalence of visual impairment in Kenya is associated with age. Uncorrected refractive error remains the major causes of visual impairment.

scholarly journals The prevalence and causes of visual impairment among children in Kenya – the Kenya eye study

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shadrack Muma ◽  
Stephen Obonyo
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Visual Impairment ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Refractive Error ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
World Health ◽  
The World ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Uncorrected Refractive Error

Abstract Background Visual impairment is the partial or complete loss of vision in which the presenting visual acuity lie between 6/18-no perceptions of light. In Kenya, little attention has been directed towards children vision and causes of visual impairment. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate the prevalence and causes of visual impairment in the children population of Kenya. Methods This cross-sectional population-based study included 3400 (1800, 52.9% female) randomly selected children with a mean age of 12 ± 2 years (range 5–16 years). Visual acuity was taken using Snellens chart at 6 m. Anterior and posterior segment was assessed using slit lamp and indirect ophthalmoscope. The World Health Organization definition formed the baseline for calculating the mean prevalence of visual impairment. Results Visual acuity measurements were available for 3240 (95.3%) participants. The mean prevalence of visual impairment based on pin-hole value was 1.7 ± 0.3% using World Health Organization definition. The prevalence of visual impairment based on presenting visual acuity value was 2.4 ± 0.7% using the World Health Organization definition. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that the presence of visual impairment on pin-hole increased significantly with increasing age (odds ratio 1.230, P = .021) and uncorrected refractive error (odds ratio 0.834, P = .032) according to World Health Organization definition. Cases of uncorrected refractive error remained the major cause for presenting visual impairment. Causes of visual impairment due to presenting visual acuity were nystagmus (14%), amblyopia (24%) and uncorrected refractive error (62%). Conclusion The prevalence of visual impairment in Kenya is associated with age. Uncorrected refractive error remains the major causes of visual impairment.

scholarly journals Rise in Cases of Alcohol Withdrawal following Lockdown in Dry District of Wardha

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (03) ◽  
pp. 478-480
Author(s):  
Prakash B. Behere ◽  
Aniruddh P. Behere ◽  
Debolina Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Alcohol Withdrawal ◽  
World Health ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Restricted Movement ◽  
The World ◽  
Alcohol Dependence Syndrome ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Alcohol Dependent

AbstractOn March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak to be a pandemic which has sent all countries in a frenzy. We cannot be callous about treatment of non-COVID-19-related patients. The Wardha district of Maharashtra is a declared “dry area” which makes the sale, purchase, and consumption of alcohol illegal. On March 24, 2020, Indians were informed of a 21-day long lockdown which was subsequently extended for another 3 weeks during which all modes of public transportation, educational institutions, offices, and other nonessential businesses were closed and people expected to remain at home unless necessary. Since then admissions of alcohol-dependent patients showed a spike from14% in the prelockdown period to 27% of patients of alcohol dependence syndrome. It is most likely due to poor availability of liquor, inability to earn money to buy the alcohol, or restricted movement of individuals.

scholarly journals The Prevalence and Causes of Visual Impairment among Children in Kenya – The Kenya Eye Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shadrack Muma ◽  
Stephen Obonyo
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Visual Impairment ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Refractive Error ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Population Based ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract BackgroundVisual impairment impacts negatively on quality of life. Kenya has a total fertility rate of 3.5 an indication of more younger generation. However, little is known on the prevalence and causes of visual impairment in the children population of Kenya.MethodsThis cross-sectional population-based study included 3400 (1800, 52.9% female) randomly selected children with a mean age of 12 ± 2 years (range 5–16 years) in Kenya. Visual acuity was taken using snellens chart at 6 meters. Anterior and posterior segments were assessed using slit lamp and indirect ophthalmoscope. The World Health Organization formed the baseline for calculating prevalence of visual impairment.ResultsVisual acuity measurements were available for 3240 (95.3%) participants. The prevalence of visual impairment, based on pin-hole value, using World Health Organization, was 1.7 ± 0.3%. The prevalence of visual impairment, based on presenting visual acuity value, was 2.4 ± 0.7%, using the World Health Organization definition. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that the presence of visual impairment on pin-hole, according to World Health Organization definition increased significantly with increasing age (odds ratio 1.230, P = .021) and increased astigmatism (odds ratio 0.834, P = .032), but not significantly associated with socioeconomic, ocular conditions after adjusting for age and astigmatism. Lack of refractive error correction was the most common reason for presenting visual impairment. Causes of visual impairment due to presenting visual acuity were amblyopia (24%), nystagmus (14%), myopia (49%) and hyperopia (13%).ConclusionThe prevalence of visual impairment in Kenya increased significantly with socio-economic activities. Uncorrected refractive error remains the major causes of visual impairment.

Application Mobile Design for Blind People

2020 ◽  
pp. 79-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alma L. Esparza Maldonado ◽  
Alberto Montoya Bironche ◽  
Elizabeth Vazquez Garcia ◽  
Francisco Javier Álvarez Rodríguez ◽  
Edgard Benítez-Guerrero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Software Process ◽  
World Health ◽  
Blind People ◽  
Visual Disabilities ◽  
Mobile Design ◽  
Quality Product ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The City

The team software process is a methodology focused on software development on gears, which at the end of the construction ensures product quality. This quality must be taken into account for people with disabilities like visual impairment. According to World Health Organization, in a study conducted in 2010, the number of people with visual impairment in the world is around 285,389 million people, and in America, it is around 26,612 million. This chapter focuses on using the TSP for the construction of an application for people with visual disabilities, resulting in a quality product that will help in memory and, in addition, the user learns about the city of Aguascalientes, Mexico, allowing the inclusion of these users in society.

scholarly journals Organization and Management of Digital Education in Uzbekistan During the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 1983-1994
Author(s):  
Zulfiya Khamdamovna Inoyatova Et al.
Keyword(s):  
Educational Process ◽  
World Health ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Organization And Management ◽  
Rate Of Spread ◽  
Educational Crisis ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
The World ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Health Organization

The outbreak of coronavirus infection has affected billions of people around the planet. According to the latest data from Worldometers, as of July 26, 2020, the total number of infected is in the region of 16,357,563 people, deaths are 6% - 650,738 of the number of infected. On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization officially declared the coronavirus a pandemic. In 188 countries of the world, decisions were made to temporarily close educational institutions in order to contain the spread of the virus. The scale of the measures taken is unprecedented and, according to UNESCO, affected 90% of the world's students. Experts believe that such measures will slow the rate of spread of the virus, as children can potentially be hidden carriers of the virus. This article examines various ways to organize the educational process in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic in Uzbekistan. Also, the article analyzes the issues of the educational crisis, solutions to this crisis and the experiences of foreign countries on this issue.

scholarly journals Impact of COVID-19 on the Nigerian Educational System: Strengths and Challenges of Online/Virtual Education

2020 ◽  
pp. 26-35
Author(s):  
Alaba Tolulope Agbele ◽  
Emmanuel Akinbami Oyelade
Keyword(s):  
Online Education ◽  
School Closure ◽  
World Health ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
The World ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Nigerian Students ◽  
The Impact

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) which originated in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, was declared as a pandemic by World Health Organization (WHO) on 11th of March, 2020 after it has spread to many countries of the world. It has also caused more than 171 countries of the world to close their educational institutions for several months in the year 2020. The impact of COVID-19 on education is bizarre and unprecedented in history because more than 1.5 billion students from across the globe have been affected by school closure. Most Nigerian students and other African or underdeveloped countries were more disadvantaged because most educational institutions in Nigeria still follow the traditional set-up of face-to-face lectures in the normal classroom settings.  This opinion article highlights the importance of online education in a time of global pandemic and natural disaster. It also examines the strengths and challenges of online education.

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