scholarly journals Effects of Different Milk-Tube Guidance Settings and Teat-Cup Types on the Dynamics of Teat-End Vacuum and Vacuum Fluctuations During Machine Milking

2022 ◽  
pp. 97-106
Author(s):  
Hülya ÖZ ◽  
Philipp THİELE ◽  
Ulrich STRÖBEL ◽  
Adnan DEĞİRMENCİOĞLU ◽  
Susanna DEMBA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vacuum Fluctuations ◽  
Machine Milking

Method of high frequency therapy at cows' mastitis during machine milking

2020 ◽  
pp. 9-12
Author(s):  
Viktor E. Lyubimov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Electromagnetic Fields ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Ultrahigh Frequency ◽  
Machine Milking ◽  
High Frequency Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Milking Machine ◽  
Methods Of Treatment

Health of dairy cows ensures human health, so it is important that dairy products do not contain antibiotics that are used to treat any inflammation, including mastitis. In Russia at present, the problem of mastitis in cows exists with both attached and loose housing of cows. Mastitis of dairy cows are the great problem in milking husbandry. Losses from mastitis in milk yield can reach 15-20%. The main reasons for the occurrence of nonspecific mastitis of cows are the shortcomings of the working components of the milking machine: the degree of deterioration of the nipple rubber and the violation of machine milking technology (the reduction in pre-milking time and vacuum fluctuations account for 70% of all causes). Treatment of mastitis with antibiotics is effective, but not environmentally friendly and unacceptable. For the treatment of inflammation of the udder, it is necessary to use more environmentally friendly methods of treatment, one of which is the exposure to ultra-high frequency electromagnetic field tested by medicine. Use of three types of medical-mobile milking machines with the same method of exposure to ultrahigh-frequency electromagnetic fields on cow's nipples through electrodes in milking cups: LPDA-1-UHF, LPDA-2-UHF and LPDA-UHF-30 M, is described in the article. Author proved that cows with subclinical forms of mastitis recovered faster during milking with exposure to the ultrahigh frequency than when treated by antibiotics, and milking with the ultrahigh frequency device helps to recover 82% of the affected quarters with clinical forms and 100% of cows with subclinical forms of mastitis or with udder irritation. The high efficiency of the method of exposure to electromagnetic fields of the ultrahigh frequency during machine milking by means of medical-mobile milking machines LPDA-UHF for the prevention and treatment of mastitis of cows was shown.

Method and results of experimental researches of modes of work of the adaptive milking equipment on the basis of the portion meter of the weight type

2020 ◽  
pp. 140-146
Author(s):  
I. A. Afanasiev ◽  
V. V. Tkach
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Vacuum Pressure ◽  
Limit Values ◽  
Operating Modes ◽  
Machine Milking ◽  
Milk Output ◽  
Mode Of Operation ◽  
Milking Machine ◽  
Experimental Researches

Annotation Purpose. Improving the efficiency of machine milking due to the improvement of milking equipment on the basis of the portion meter of the weight type. Methods. Studies have been conducted on the basis of the planned experiment. The data obtained were processed using the methods of regression analysis. Results. The technique of laboratory researches is developed, a prototype of a membrane regulator of vacuum is made and experimental researches of operating modes of the adaptive milking equipment on the basis of the portion meter of the weight type. According to the results of the research, the dependence between the parameters and the mode of operation of the membrane vacuum regulator was obtained. Conclusions. The dependence is obtained, between the vacuum pressure in the milk collection chamber of the collector, milk expense, the diameters of the milk pipe and the diameters of a throttle opening. The limit values of the intensity of milk output (0.2 m3/s) at which there is a critical drop in the working vacuum pressure in the milk collection chamber of the collector and the corresponding choke parameters (diameter of the throttle opening 0,001 m) are defined. This eliminates this negative phenomenon. Keywords: adaptive milking equipment, milking machine, machine milking, milk expense.

Cosmological constant

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Kachelriess
Keyword(s):  
Dark Energy ◽  
Cosmological Constant ◽  
Accelerated Expansion ◽  
Vacuum Fluctuations ◽  
Present Epoch ◽  
Modify Gravity ◽  
Expansion Of The Universe ◽  
The Universe

The contribution of vacuum fluctuations to the cosmological constant is reconsidered studying the dependence on the used regularisation scheme. Then alternative explanations for the observed accelerated expansion of the universe in the present epoch are introduced which either modify gravity or add a new component of matter, dubbed dark energy. The chapter closes with some comments on attempts to quantise gravity.

Oxytocin and cortisol release during suckling, hand-milking and machine milking in camels

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Marwa Brahmi ◽  
Moufida Atigui ◽  
Ihmen Hammadi ◽  
Jacques Portanguen ◽  
Mohamed Hammadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Maternal Behaviour ◽  
Milk Ejection ◽  
Dromedary Camels ◽  
Machine Milking ◽  
Physiological Consequence ◽  
Peak Release ◽  
Cortisol Release ◽  
Concentration Patterns

Abstract This research paper addresses the hypothesis that oxytocin (OT) could be released during suckling and during milking with and without the presence of a calf and that this release could be regulated by maternal behaviour. Plasma concentration patterns of OT and cortisol (CORT) were measured in six Tunisian dromedary camels during 2 suckling episodes, 2 manual milking episodes with calves beside the mother and 2 machine milking episodes without calves present. Various patterns of OT release were observed between each camel including specific two peak release patterns. Higher plasma OT concentrations were found during the suckling and hand-milking episodes with simultaneous suckling of calves, than during the machine milking episodes without calves. Exclusive mechanical milking episodes also evoked significant mean OT release, although greatly reduced compared to suckling and hand milking. The low basal levels and classical CORT release patterns suggested non-stressful management practices were used and there were very limited differences in udder stimulation between managements. The OT release induced by exclusive suckling and suckling together with hand-milking gives a reference point for what a good milk ejection stimulation is in camels. The important and specific reduction of OT release during machine milking without the calf present could be a physiological consequence of the maternal behaviour (selectivity for the own young) and to a lesser extent explained by a lower stimulation by machine milking.

scholarly journals Fast Vacuum Fluctuations and the Emergence of Quantum Mechanics

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerard ’t Hooft
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Ground State ◽  
Quantum Interference ◽  
Direct Detection ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Vacuum Fluctuations ◽  
Heavy Particles ◽  
Evolving Systems ◽  
Gedanken Experiment ◽  
Classical Computer

AbstractFast moving classical variables can generate quantum mechanical behavior. We demonstrate how this can happen in a model. The key point is that in classically (ontologically) evolving systems one can still define a conserved quantum energy. For the fast variables, the energy levels are far separated, such that one may assume these variables to stay in their ground state. This forces them to be entangled, so that, consequently, the slow variables are entangled as well. The fast variables could be the vacuum fluctuations caused by unknown super heavy particles. The emerging quantum effects in the light particles are expressed by a Hamiltonian that can have almost any form. The entire system is ontological, and yet allows one to generate interference effects in computer models. This seemed to lead to an inexplicable paradox, which is now resolved: exactly what happens in our models if we run a quantum interference experiment in a classical computer is explained. The restriction that very fast variables stay predominantly in their ground state appears to be due to smearing of the physical states in the time direction, preventing their direct detection. Discussions are added of the emergence of quantum mechanics, and the ontology of an EPR/Bell Gedanken experiment.

703. Cineradiographic observations on machine milking

1958 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. Ardran ◽  
F. H. Kemp ◽  
P. A. Clough ◽  
F. H. Dodd
Keyword(s):  
Rate Ratio ◽  
Machine Milking ◽  
Pulsation Rate

Machine milking has been studied in three cows by cineradiography at 50 frames/sec. The findings of Pier et al.(5) have been confirmed.The effects of variation in the pulsation rate, ratio and liner tension were investigated and the results compared with those obtained by other methods. The proportion of each milking cycle during which milk flows has been determined.

Responses of the bovine teat to machine milking: measurement of changes in thickness of the teat apex

1988 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jörn Hamann ◽  
Graeme A. Mein
Keyword(s):  
Positive Pressure ◽  
Vacuum Level ◽  
Machine Milking ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean ◽  
High Degree

SummaryChanges in the teat apex before and after different milking treatments were measured with a spring-loaded caliper device known as a cutimeter which could detect changes in thickness of the tissues of the teat end, presumably due to congestion and/or oedema, with a high degree of accuracy (± 2%) and repeatability (r = 0·99). Teat end thickness increased with increasing vacuum level. The mean increase immediately after milking with a conventional cluster was 2% for 24 teats milked at 30 kPa, 8% at 50 kPa and 21% at 70 kPa. At these vacuum levels, the mean increases for the same teats milked with an unconventional (PKME) teatcup were 10, 18 and 25% respectively. Cyclic application of 35 kPa positive pressure to the pulsation chamber of a conventional teatcup operating at 50 kPa reduced teat end thickness by 8% compared with the mean premilking value. Although most teats returned to within ± 2% of their premilking thickness values by 1 h after milking, differences were apparent between different milking systems for up to 4 h postmilking.

scholarly journals TEMPERATURE OF ELECTRON FLUCTUATIONS IN AN ACCELERATED VACUUM

2013 ◽  
Vol 28 (03) ◽  
pp. 1340015 ◽  
Author(s):  
LANCE LABUN ◽  
JOHANN RAFELSKI
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Applied Electric Field ◽  
State Density ◽  
Gyromagnetic Ratio ◽  
Constant Field ◽  
Vacuum Fluctuations ◽  
Spectral State

The electron vacuum fluctuations measured by [Formula: see text] do not vanish in an externally applied electric field ℰ. For an exactly constant field, that is for vacuum fluctuations in presence of a constant accelerating force, we show that [Formula: see text] has a Boson-like structure with spectral state density tanh -1(E/m) and temperature T M = eℰ/mπ = av/π. Considering the vacuum fluctuations of 'classical' gyromagnetic ratio g = 1 particles we find Fermi-like structure with the same spectral state density at a smaller temperature T1 = av/2π which corresponds to the Unruh temperature of an accelerated observer.

scholarly journals Focusing vacuum fluctuations. II

2002 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
L. H. Ford ◽  
N. F. Svaiter
Keyword(s):  
Vacuum Fluctuations
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