scholarly journals RESEARCH REGARDING THE INFLUENCE WEED CONTROL TREATMENTS ON PRODUCTION AND QUALITATIVE INDICATORS SOYBEAN CULTIVATED IN MINIMUM TILLAGE SYSTEM

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 170
Author(s):  
Cornel Chetan ◽  
Teodor Rusu ◽  
Felicia Chetan ◽  
Alina Simon
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Classical System ◽  
Toxic Waste ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Agricultural Ecosystems ◽  
Minimum Tillage ◽  
Soybean Crop ◽  
Control Research ◽  
Tillage System

The use of herbicides abused, without a thorough knowledge can be dangerous for the environment through the introduction of toxic waste in agricultural ecosystems. It is necessary to reduce the doses used in relation to the use of conservative technology, finding solutions optimized for effective weed control. Research conducted at ARDS Turda in the years 2013 and 2014 have followed the effect of 12 variants of herbicides used to control weeds in soybean crop, sown in two tillage systems (classical system and minimal tillage system), on the soybean production and quality indicators. Tillage system significantly influenced both qualitative indices and soybean crop production (being 2635 kg/ha to the classical and 2131 kg/ha minimum tillage system). The significant influence of tillage soybeans in fat content (20.34% in minimum tillage system; 19.94% to the classical) and on protein (39.89% minimum tillage system; 40.56% in the classic).

scholarly journals Potential Impacts of Soil Tillage System on Isoflavone Concentration of Soybean as Functional Food Ingredients

Land ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 386
Author(s):  
Liliana Mureșan ◽  
Doina Clapa ◽  
Orsolya Borsai ◽  
Teodor Rusu ◽  
Thomas T. Y. Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Food Ingredients ◽  
Minimum Tillage ◽  
Isoflavone Concentration ◽  
Tillage System

Soybean is an important natural source of isoflavones, but their concentration is likely to be influenced by external factors, such as climatic conditions and soil tillage systems. However, there is minimal information about the effects of such external factors on the isoflavone concentration in soybeans grown in Europe. Therefore, in this study, field experiments were established in Romania to investigate the potential impacts of three different soil tillage systems—conventional, minimum tillage and no-tillage—on crop yields and the isoflavone concentration of soybeans for three experimental years, 2014–2016. Our experimental results indicated that the soil tillage systems had little impact on the soybean yields each year. However, the 2016 yield was found to be higher than the 2014 and 2015 yields under all three soil systems. For every experimental year, the higher yield was recorded by the conventional system, followed by the minimum tillage system and no-tillage system under first weed control (weed control two (wct2): S-metolaclor 960 g/L, imazamox 40 g/L and propaquizafop 100 g/L). Likewise, the soil tillage system did not have a significant influence on the total isoflavone concentrations. Nevertheless, we noticed some variations in the individual isoflavone concentration (daidzin, genistin, glycitin, daidzein, genistein) in each year. Altogether, the minimum tillage and no-tillage systems may be employed as a suitable soil tillage system in soybean farming without an impact on the total isoflavone.

Evaluation of Herbicide Systems in Minimum- and Conventional-Tillage Peanuts (Arachis hypogaea)

Weed Science ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. Wilcut ◽  
Glenn R. Wehtje ◽  
T. Vint Hicks
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Minimum Tillage ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Pitted Morningglory ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Peanut Production ◽  
Control Equivalent

Field experiments were conducted from 1985 to 1987 to evaluate herbicide systems for minimum-tillage and conventional-tillage peanut production. While acceptable weed control could be achieved in both tillage systems, minimum-tillage systems generally had to be more herbicide intensive. Preemergence or preplant-incorporated within-the-row applications of either ethalfluralin or pendimethalin plus postemergence applications of paraquat and sethoxydim provided Texas panicum control equivalent to preplant-incorporated applications of ethalfluralin or pendimethalin. Early-postemergence paraquat applications improved Florida beggarweed and pitted morningglory control in conventional-tillage systems at least 15% compared to the same systems without paraquat Control of bristly starbur and sicklepod in conventional-tillage systems did not increase with paraquat application. Broadleaf weed control did not differ between tillage systems, except pitted morningglory control was lower in the minimum-tillage system. Conventional-tillage peanuts produced yields 800 to 1900 kg/ha higher, depending on herbicide system, and also provided greater net returns than minimum-tillage peanuts. The greater yield and net returns in conventional- versus minimum-tillage systems were not attributed to weed control or disease problems.

Weed seedbank response to crop rotation and tillage in semiarid agroecosystems

Weed Science ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Dorado ◽  
J. P. Del Monte ◽  
C. López-Fando
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Mouse Ear ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Number Of Seeds

In a semiarid Mediterranean site in central Spain, field experiments were conducted on a Calcic Haploxeralf (noncalcic brown soil), which had been managed with three crop rotations and two tillage systems (no-tillage and conventional tillage) since 1987. The crop rotations consisted of barley→vetch, barley→sunflower, and a barley monoculture. The study took place in two growing seasons (1992–1994) to assess the effects of management practices on the weed seedbank. During this period, spring weed control was not carried out in winter crops. In the no-tillage system, there was a significant increase in the number of seeds of different weed species: anacyclus, common purslane, corn poppy, knotted hedge-parsley, mouse-ear cress, spring whitlowgrass, tumble pigweed, venus-comb, andVeronica triphyllos.Conversely, the presence of prostrate knotweed and wild radish was highest in plots under conventional tillage. These results suggest large differences in the weed seedbank as a consequence of different soil conditions among tillage systems, but also the necessity of spring weed control when a no-tillage system is used. With regard to crop rotations, the number of seeds of knotted hedge-parsley, mouse-ear cress, and spring whitlowgrass was greater in the plots under the barley→vetch rotation. Common lambsquarters dominated in the plots under the barley→sunflower rotation, whereas venus-comb was the most frequent weed in the barley monoculture. Larger and more diverse weed populations developed in the barley→vetch rotation rather than in the barley→sunflower rotation or the barley monoculture.

GROWTH AND NPK UPTAKE BY SOYBEAN CULTIVARS IN NORTHERN U.S.A. UNDER REDUCED TILLAGE SYSTEMS

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 1101-1111 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J. DEIBERT ◽  
R. A. UTTER
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
No Till ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Late Maturity

A field study was conducted during 1985–1987 on a Fargo clay soil to evaluate growth, and NPK content at beginning flowering, pod fill, and mature seed at harvest of an early- (McCall) and a late-maturity (Dawson) soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) cultivar as influenced by conventional (plow) or reduced (sweep, intertill, no-till) tillage systems and weed control methods. Excellent seed emergence was obtained on all tillage systems. Fall application of granular herbicide provided excellent weed control but herbicide plus cultivation caused reduced plant growth. Tillage system did not significantly affect plant and seed dry matter production. Yearly differences in dry matter production between early- and late-maturity cultivars depended on precipitation distribution. N and P uptake at pod fill was equal to seed uptake while K in the seed was one-half that measured at pod fill. Stratification of P and K in the surface soil profile of the reduced tillage systems was not detrimental and possibly enhanced early growth when root development was not extensive. Plants exhibited chlorosis on only the plow system under wet soil conditions indicating improved internal drainage under the reduced tillage systems. Interactions of climate with tillage system and cultivar maturity were more pronounced in this soybean study than previously reported which may be related to the cool, dry northern area.Key words: Soybean, no-till, zero-till, weed control, plant nutrients, cultivars, soil nutrient stratification

scholarly journals Bacterivorous nematodes correlate with soil fertility and improved crop production in an organic minimum tillage system

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan H. Schmidt ◽  
Johannes Hallmann ◽  
Maria R. Finckh
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Minimum Tillage ◽  
Cover Cropping ◽  
Organic Farming Systems

AbstractOrganic farming systems are generally based on intensive soil tillage for seed bed preparation and weed control, which in the long-term often leads to reduced soil fertility. To avoid this, organic farming systems need to adopt conservation agriculture practices, such as minimum tillage and diligent crop rotations. However, minimum tillage generally delays soil warming in spring causing reduced nitrogen mineralization and thus poor plant growth. This negative effect needs to be compensated. We hypothesize that, in a diverse crop rotation, organic minimum tillage based on frequent cover cropping and application of dead mulch will improve soil fertility and thus crop production as confirmed by a number of chemical and biological soil indicators.We made use of two long-term field experiments that compare typical organic plough-based systems (25 cm) with minimum tillage systems (<15 cm) including application of transfer mulch to potatoes. Both tillage systems were either fertilized with compost or equivalent amounts of mineral potassium and phosphate. In 2019, soil samples from both fields were collected and analyzed for soil pH, organic carbon, macro-, micronutrients, microbial biomass, microbial activity and total nematode abundance. In addition, performance of pea in the same soils was determined under greenhouse conditions.Results from the field experiments showed an increase of macronutrients (+52%), micronutrients (+11%), microbial biomass (+51%), microbial activity (+86%), and bacterivorous nematodes (+112%) in minimum tillage compared with the plough-based system. In the accompanying greenhouse bioassay, pea biomass was 45% higher under minimum than under plough tillage. In conclusion, the study showed that under organic conditions, soil fertility can be improved in minimum tillage systems by intensive cover cropping and application of dead mulch to levels higher than in a plough-based system. Furthermore, the abundance of bacterivorous nematodes can be used as a reliable indicator for the soil fertility status.

scholarly journals Influence of basic tillage systems on economic efficiency of soybean cultivation

2021 ◽  
Vol 937 (2) ◽  
pp. 022128
Author(s):  
L Zhichkina ◽  
K Zhichkin ◽  
M Saidmurodova ◽  
D Kokurin ◽  
Ju Romanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Direct Costs ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Lower Yield ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Effective System ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Yield Formation

Abstract Soybeans have become widespread in the world crop production as a valuable oilseed and high-protein crop with a unique biochemical composition. In the Russia in 2015-2019 annually there is an increase in acreage, yield and gross yield of soybeans. The research purpose is to substantiate the most effective system of basic soil cultivation during the soybeans cultivation in the Samara region. The research tasks included: to study the peculiarities of the soybeans yield formation depending on the main tillage systems, to evaluate the economic efficiency of the main tillage systems. It was found that the basic tillage system provided the best conditions for the formation of the soybean in 2018-2019. Thus, the highest yield was obtained in the variant with plowing by 20-22 cm and amounted to 14.9 cwt/ha, the lowest in the variant without autumn mechanical tillage - 10.1 cwt/ha. The calculation showed that the soybeans cultivation in all variants was effective. Direct costs in the soybeans cultivation varied according to the studied options from 15879.28 rubles/ha to 17767.34 rubles/ha, the cost price - from 1192.4 rubles/cwt to 1572.2 rubles/cwt. The basic tillage system with elements of minimization reduced direct costs, however, due to the lower yield, the highest net income was obtained in the variant with plowing by 20-22 cm and amounted to 19482.7 rubles/ha, with a profitability of 109.7%.

The Influence of Herbicide Formulation on Weed Control in Four Tillage Systems

Weed Science ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael D. Johnson ◽  
Donald L. Wyse ◽  
William E. Lueschen
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Corn Residue ◽  
Chisel Plow ◽  
Preemergence Herbicides ◽  
Moldboard Plow ◽  
Ridge Tillage

The objectives of this research were to compare the weed control efficacy of liquid, granular, and microencapsulated formulations of preemergence herbicides in moldboard plow, chisel plow, ridge tillage, and no-tillage corn and soybean production systems, and to determine whether herbicide formulation can influence herbicide interception and retention on surface corn residue. Common lambsquarters populations were threefold higher in corn than in soybeans. A mixed population of giant foxtail and green foxtail was highest in the chisel plow and lowest in the ridge tillage system as were total weed numbers. Percent weed control was not influenced by tillage when considered across all herbicide treatments. Weed control was not influenced by herbicide formulation in the moldboard plow, chisel plow, or ridge tillage systems, but granular herbicide applications provided better weed control than liquid applications in the no-tillage system and across various rates of corn residue in an experiment with no tillage variables. Two- to threefold less granular-applied herbicide was intercepted by surface corn residue at the time of application compared to liquid-applied herbicide. Increasing amounts of postapplication rainfall decreased the difference among formulations with regard to both total soil reception of the herbicide and resultant weed control. There was no consistent advantage for the microencapsulated formulation over the other herbicide formulations. Surface corn residue controlled many weeds without the aid of a herbicide and actually contributed to overall weed control even where herbicides were applied. This suggests that the binding of preemergence herbicides on surface crop residue may not be the cause of weed control failures in reduced-tillage systems as is often assumed to be the case.

scholarly journals Bacterivorous Nematodes Correlate with Soil Fertility and Improved Crop Production in an Organic Minimum Tillage System

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (17) ◽  
pp. 6730
Author(s):  
Jan H. Schmidt ◽  
Johannes Hallmann ◽  
Maria R. Finckh
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Minimum Tillage ◽  
Cover Cropping ◽  
Tillage System

Reduced nutrient mineralization rates under minimum tillage are usually compensated by mineral fertilizer application. These, however, cannot be applied in organic farming systems. We hypothesized that an organic minimum tillage system based on frequent cover cropping and application of dead mulch would improve soil fertility and compensate for the potential negative effects of minimum tillage. Two long-term field experiments were set up in 2010 and 2011 to compare plowing versus minimum tillage including the application of transferred mulch. A second factor, the application of compost versus mineral potassium and phosphorus, was also compared. In 2019, soils were analyzed for soil pH, organic carbon, macro- and micronutrients, microbial biomass, microbial activity, and total nematode abundance. In addition, performance of pea in the same soils was determined under greenhouse conditions. Across both experiments, macronutrients (+52%), micronutrients (+11%), microbial biomass (+51%), microbial activity (+86%), and bacterivorous nematodes (+112%) increased in minimum tillage compared to the plow-based system. In the greenhouse, pea biomass was 45% higher in the soil that had been subjected to minimum tillage compared to the plow. In conclusion, soil fertility can be improved in organic minimum tillage systems, which include intensive cover cropping and the application of dead mulch, over plow-based systems.

Effect of tillage system and crop sequence on irrigated sugarbeet production

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 739-747 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Moyer ◽  
J. Nitschelm ◽  
P. Regitnig ◽  
R. E. Blackshaw ◽  
H. C. Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Erosion ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Plant Residue ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Dry Beans ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Minimum Tillage ◽  
Tillage System

Sugarbeets (Beta vulgaris L.) are grown on intensively tilled-irrigated land in southern Alberta, which is subject to soil erosion by wind. Experiments were conducted on commercial fields near Burdett, AB, to determine the effect of the tillage system and previous crops on sugarbeet production. The previous crops were dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) or wheat (Triticum aestivium L.) and the tillage systems were conventional (moldboard plow, vibrashank cultivator, harrow, packer), minimum (double disc, self-cleaning harrow, glyphosate) or no tillage (glyphosate). After dry beans, sugarbeet fresh weight and extractable sugar yields were similar with all tillage systems. All of the tillage systems left less than 100 g m-2 of plant residue on the soil surface in the spring following dry beans, which is insufficient to protect the soil from wind erosion. After wheat, sugarbeet yields were similar with minimum and conventional tillage but lower with no tillage. Both minimum and no-tillage systems left sufficient plant residue on the soil surface to protect the soil from erosion (> 200 g m-2). Sugarbeet stand density following wheat was lower with no tillage than conventional or minimum tillage, reflecting poor seed placement and daily maximum soil temperature (5 cm depth) of up to 10°C lower under no tillage than conventional tillage. After wheat, there was a trend toward lower densities of hard-seeded annuals, such as redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.), after no tillage than conventional tillage. Of the cropping systems tested in this study, only the minimum tillage system after wheat provided optimum sugarbeet yield and left enough plant residue to protect the soil from wind erosion. Key words: Crop rotation, bean, wheat, sugarbeet, no-tillage

scholarly journals Research Concerning the Influence of Soil Tillage Systems on Weeds Control and Corn Hybrids Yield Cultivated in Southeastern Romania

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-44
Author(s):  
Claudiu Chițoi ◽  
Costică Ciontu ◽  
Maria Toader
Keyword(s):  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Corn Hybrids ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Minimum Tillage ◽  
Corn Crop ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Weeds Control

Abstract The paper presents the yield results obtained in 2017 for the corn crop grown in the soil and climate conditions of Southern Romania (Calarasi county). The purpose of the research was to analyze the behavior and yield of a range of corn hybrids from different FAO groups: DKC 4590 (FAO 350), PP9911 (FAO 410) and Olt (FAO 430) under different soil tillage systems. The conventional tillage system applied was plowing at 20 and 30 cm, while scarifying at 30 and 40 cm and Tiger 3 MT at 20 and 30 cm were used for the minimum tillage system. The average yield of the three hybrids analyzed was 8,130.3 kg/ha in the conventional tillage system (plowing at 20 and 30 cm) with mechanical weeding, while for the conventional tillage system without mechanical weeding the yield was 7,682.2 kg/ha. The minimum tillage variants (scarifying and Tiger 3 MT) recorded an average yield of 6,746.4 kg/ha when mechanical weeding was applied and 6,474.9 kg/ha for the variants without mechanical weeding. Regarding the degree of weeding by tillage system, in the conventional tillage system (plowing at 20 and 30 cm) with mechanical weeding the number of weeds was 4.2 plants/m2 and 9.3 plants/m2 for the variants without mechanical weeding. The minimum tillage variants (scarifying and Tiger 3 MT) recorded 12.8 weeds/m2 when mechanical weeding was applied and 16.2 weeds/m2 for the variants without mechanical weeding.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document