The Influence of Herbicide Formulation on Weed Control in Four Tillage Systems

Weed Science ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael D. Johnson ◽  
Donald L. Wyse ◽  
William E. Lueschen
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Corn Residue ◽  
Chisel Plow ◽  
Preemergence Herbicides ◽  
Moldboard Plow ◽  
Ridge Tillage

The objectives of this research were to compare the weed control efficacy of liquid, granular, and microencapsulated formulations of preemergence herbicides in moldboard plow, chisel plow, ridge tillage, and no-tillage corn and soybean production systems, and to determine whether herbicide formulation can influence herbicide interception and retention on surface corn residue. Common lambsquarters populations were threefold higher in corn than in soybeans. A mixed population of giant foxtail and green foxtail was highest in the chisel plow and lowest in the ridge tillage system as were total weed numbers. Percent weed control was not influenced by tillage when considered across all herbicide treatments. Weed control was not influenced by herbicide formulation in the moldboard plow, chisel plow, or ridge tillage systems, but granular herbicide applications provided better weed control than liquid applications in the no-tillage system and across various rates of corn residue in an experiment with no tillage variables. Two- to threefold less granular-applied herbicide was intercepted by surface corn residue at the time of application compared to liquid-applied herbicide. Increasing amounts of postapplication rainfall decreased the difference among formulations with regard to both total soil reception of the herbicide and resultant weed control. There was no consistent advantage for the microencapsulated formulation over the other herbicide formulations. Surface corn residue controlled many weeds without the aid of a herbicide and actually contributed to overall weed control even where herbicides were applied. This suggests that the binding of preemergence herbicides on surface crop residue may not be the cause of weed control failures in reduced-tillage systems as is often assumed to be the case.

Herbicide Programs in No-Tillage and Conventional-Tillage Soybeans (Glycine max) Double Cropped After Wheat (Triticum aestivum)

Weed Science ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry D. Sims ◽  
David R. Guethle
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Mississippi River ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Preemergence Herbicides ◽  
Herbicide Programs ◽  
Large Crabgrass

Postemergence and commonly used preemergence plus postemergence herbicide programs were evaluated for weed control in conventional and no-tillage soybeans double cropped after winter wheat in the northern Mississippi River Delta. Broadleaf weed species present varied with tillage, location, and year. Large crabgrass was present in both tillage systems for all locations and years. Conventional tillage usually resulted in higher densities of large crabgrass, common cocklebur, and smooth pigweed. Soil-applied preemergence herbicides alone did not provide season-long ivyleaf and entireleaf morningglory or common cocklebur control in either tillage system. For weed control and soybean yields comparable to weed-free controls, postemergence broadleaf herbicides were required in both tillage systems following the soil-applied herbicide programs, alachlor plus linuron and alachlor plus metribuzin. Postemergence herbicide programs provided excellent season-long annual grass and broadleaf weed control when sethoxydim was applied separately from the broadleaf herbicides. Antagonism of large crabgrass control resulted when sethoxydim was tank mixed with postemergence broadleaf herbicides, compared to separate applications of the postemergence grass and broadleaf herbicides. In three out of four studies, soybean yields in handweeded controls were similar between tillage systems.

Weed seedbank response to crop rotation and tillage in semiarid agroecosystems

Weed Science ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Dorado ◽  
J. P. Del Monte ◽  
C. López-Fando
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Mouse Ear ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Number Of Seeds

In a semiarid Mediterranean site in central Spain, field experiments were conducted on a Calcic Haploxeralf (noncalcic brown soil), which had been managed with three crop rotations and two tillage systems (no-tillage and conventional tillage) since 1987. The crop rotations consisted of barley→vetch, barley→sunflower, and a barley monoculture. The study took place in two growing seasons (1992–1994) to assess the effects of management practices on the weed seedbank. During this period, spring weed control was not carried out in winter crops. In the no-tillage system, there was a significant increase in the number of seeds of different weed species: anacyclus, common purslane, corn poppy, knotted hedge-parsley, mouse-ear cress, spring whitlowgrass, tumble pigweed, venus-comb, andVeronica triphyllos.Conversely, the presence of prostrate knotweed and wild radish was highest in plots under conventional tillage. These results suggest large differences in the weed seedbank as a consequence of different soil conditions among tillage systems, but also the necessity of spring weed control when a no-tillage system is used. With regard to crop rotations, the number of seeds of knotted hedge-parsley, mouse-ear cress, and spring whitlowgrass was greater in the plots under the barley→vetch rotation. Common lambsquarters dominated in the plots under the barley→sunflower rotation, whereas venus-comb was the most frequent weed in the barley monoculture. Larger and more diverse weed populations developed in the barley→vetch rotation rather than in the barley→sunflower rotation or the barley monoculture.

Integrating Cereals and Deep Tillage with Herbicide Programs in Glyphosate- and Glufosinate-Resistant Soybean for Glyphosate-Resistant Palmer Amaranth Management

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holden D. Bell ◽  
Jason K. Norsworthy ◽  
Robert C. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Palmer Amaranth ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Deep Tillage ◽  
Late Season ◽  
Amaranth Seed ◽  
Herbicide Programs ◽  
Moldboard Plow

A field experiment was conducted at Marianna, AR in 2012 and 2013 to test various combinations of (1) soybean production systems: full-season tillage (rye plus deep tillage using a moldboard plow), full season (no rye plus no tillage), late-season tillage (wheat plus deep tillage), and late season (no wheat plus no tillage); (2) soybean cultivars: glufosinate or glyphosate resistant; and (3) four herbicide programs for management of glyphosate-resistant Palmer amaranth. At soybean harvest, Palmer amaranth control was 95 to 100% when flumioxazin plus pyroxasulfone was applied PRE. In both years full-season tillage and late-season tillage systems in combination with flumioxazin plus pyroxasulfone applied PRE increased Palmer amaranth control over the same systems in the absence of flumioxazin plus pyroxasulfone applied PRE. The addition of deep tillage in the form of a moldboard plow to the full-season and late-season systems reduced Palmer amaranth densities at harvest. Similarly, Palmer amaranth seed production was often lower in the full-season tillage and late-season tillage systems compared with the full-season and late-season no-tillage systems, regardless of soybean cultivar and herbicide programs. Overall, the use of deep tillage in the full-season or late-season systems in combination with a PRE application of flumioxazin plus pyroxasulfone provided greater control of Palmer amaranth, decreasing both density and seed production and increasing soybean grain yields.

scholarly journals Potential Impacts of Soil Tillage System on Isoflavone Concentration of Soybean as Functional Food Ingredients

Land ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 386
Author(s):  
Liliana Mureșan ◽  
Doina Clapa ◽  
Orsolya Borsai ◽  
Teodor Rusu ◽  
Thomas T. Y. Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Food Ingredients ◽  
Minimum Tillage ◽  
Isoflavone Concentration ◽  
Tillage System

Soybean is an important natural source of isoflavones, but their concentration is likely to be influenced by external factors, such as climatic conditions and soil tillage systems. However, there is minimal information about the effects of such external factors on the isoflavone concentration in soybeans grown in Europe. Therefore, in this study, field experiments were established in Romania to investigate the potential impacts of three different soil tillage systems—conventional, minimum tillage and no-tillage—on crop yields and the isoflavone concentration of soybeans for three experimental years, 2014–2016. Our experimental results indicated that the soil tillage systems had little impact on the soybean yields each year. However, the 2016 yield was found to be higher than the 2014 and 2015 yields under all three soil systems. For every experimental year, the higher yield was recorded by the conventional system, followed by the minimum tillage system and no-tillage system under first weed control (weed control two (wct2): S-metolaclor 960 g/L, imazamox 40 g/L and propaquizafop 100 g/L). Likewise, the soil tillage system did not have a significant influence on the total isoflavone concentrations. Nevertheless, we noticed some variations in the individual isoflavone concentration (daidzin, genistin, glycitin, daidzein, genistein) in each year. Altogether, the minimum tillage and no-tillage systems may be employed as a suitable soil tillage system in soybean farming without an impact on the total isoflavone.

Population Dynamics and Control of Annual Weeds in Corn (Zea mays) as Influenced by Tillage Systems

Weed Science ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas D. Buhler
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Redroot Pigweed ◽  
Green Foxtail ◽  
Dynamics And Control ◽  
Chisel Plow ◽  
And Control ◽  
Ridge Tillage

Field research was conducted at Hancock, WI, from 1985 through 1987 to evaluate effects of conventional tillage, chisel plow, ridge tillage, and no-tillage systems on population dynamics and control of annual weed species in corn grown continuously on a loamy sand soil without irrigation. In all years of the study, green foxtail densities were greater in chisel plow and no-tillage than in the conventional tillage system, while ridge tillage had densities lower than all other tillage systems. Common lambsquarters density in the chisel plow system reached nearly 500 plants m−2compared to less than 75 plants m−2in the other tillage systems when averaged over years. Average redroot pigweed densities in the no-tillage and chisel plow systems were 307 and 245 plants m−2compared to less than 25 plants m−2in the conventional and ridge tillage systems. Horseweed was observed only in no-tillage and ridge tillage plots. Green foxtail and redroot pigweed were more difficult to control in chisel plow and no-tillage than in the conventional and ridge tillage systems with several herbicide treatments. Corn yields were not affected by tillage systems under weed-free conditions. Corn yield differences among tillage systems when the same herbicide treatment was applied appeared to be due to differences in weed control.

Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) Control in a Conservation Tillage System for Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)

1991 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Wayne Keeling ◽  
Kerry T. Siders ◽  
John R. Abernathy
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Palmer Amaranth ◽  
High Plains ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Amaranthus Palmeri ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Strip Tillage ◽  
Preemergence Herbicides

Weed control is a limiting factor for adoption of conservation tillage systems on the Texas Southern High Plains. A field study was established to evaluate Palmer amaranth control with strip-tillage dinitroaniline herbicide incorporation in wheat residue. Preemergence herbicides were applied alone and in combination with strip-tilled incorporated herbicides. Significant cotton injury or stand reductions were not observed with any treatment. Effective (>80%) early season Palmer amaranth control was achieved with trifluralin or pendimethalin in conjunction with preemergence herbicides. Preemergence herbicides alone did not provide adequate control.

Tillage system influences hydrophobicity but not water repellency of a clay loam soil in southwestern Ontario

2019 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
pp. 575-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.J. Miller ◽  
M.L. Owen ◽  
X.M. Yang ◽  
C.F. Drury ◽  
W.D. Reynolds ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Repellency ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Clay Loam Soil ◽  
Soil Water Repellency ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Soil Hydrophobicity ◽  
Moldboard Plow

A 21 yr field study comparing zone tillage (ZT), no-tillage (NT), and moldboard plow tillage (MP) was used to elucidate tillage effects on soil hydrophobicity (SH) and soil water repellency index (RI) in a cool, humid clay loam soil in southwestern Ontario. The SH was 38% (P ≤ 0.05) greater for ZT and NT than MP, and it was similar between crop row (0.34) and crop inter-row (0.37) for ZT. The RI values were not different among tillage systems, or between the crop row versus crop inter-row positions under the three tillage systems.

Influence of Tillage Systems on Weed Abundance in Southwestern Ontario

1993 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 699-705 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Gordon Thomas ◽  
Brenda L. Frick
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Soil Disturbance ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Weed Communities ◽  
Multivariate Ordination ◽  
Ordination Techniques ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Soil Inversion ◽  
Moldboard Plow

Weed data were collected over three tillage systems and two years in southwestern Ontario, in fields of corn, soybean, and winter wheat. Tillage systems involved soil inversion by moldboard plow, soil disturbance without inversion, and no tillage. The data were subjected to multivariate ordination techniques to determine if weed communities were associated with the different crops, tillage systems, or years. Crop, year, and tillage system all had significant effects on the weed community. Weed communities in corn and winter wheat were least similar; those in soybean were intermediate. Several grass weeds were more abundant in the drier of the two years. Some variation was related to tillage system but the effect of tillage was less than that of either crop or year.

scholarly journals Intercepted solar radiation by maize crops subjected to different tillage systems and water availability levels

2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (12) ◽  
pp. 1331-1341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Homero Bergamaschi ◽  
Genei Antonio Dalmago ◽  
João Ito Bergonci ◽  
Cleusa Adriane Menegassi Bianchi Krüger ◽  
Bruna Maria Machado Heckler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Extinction Coefficient ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Crop Cycle

The objective of this work was to evaluate changes in the photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) interception efficiency and PPFD extinction coefficient for maize crop subjected to different soil tillage systems and water availability levels. Crops were subjected to no-tillage and conventional tillage systems combined with full irrigation and non-irrigation treatments. Continuous measurements of transmitted PPFD on the soil surface and incoming PPFD over the canopy were taken throughout the crop cycle. Leaf area index and soil water potential were also measured during the whole period. Considering a mean value over the maize cycle, intercepted PPFD was higher in the conventional tillage than in the no-tillage system. During the initial stages of plants, intercepted PPFD in the conventional tillage was double the PPFD interception in the no-tillage treatment. However, those differences were reduced up to the maximum leaf area index, close to tasseling stage. The lowest interception of PPFD occurred in the conventional tillage during the reproductive period, as leaf senescence progressed. Over the entire crop cycle, the interception of PPFD by the non-irrigated plants was about 20% lower than by the irrigated plants. The no-tillage system reduced the extinction coefficient for PPFD, which may have allowed a higher penetration of solar radiation into the canopy

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