scholarly journals New Varieties of Topinambour (Helianthus tuberosus) Obtained at V.R.D.S. Buzau

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 269
Author(s):  
Costel Vinatoru ◽  
Bianca Zamfir ◽  
Camelia Bratu
Keyword(s):  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Jerusalem Artichoke ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Agricultural Crop ◽  
Helianthus Tuberosus ◽  
Breeding Method ◽  
Cold Temperatures ◽  
Specific Technology

Introduction: It is not known precisely the introduction of this species in our country, most research indicates XVI century but there are opinions that consider that this species is present in our country since the Dacian times.Until now has not been cultivated on a large area and it has not been obtained a distinct biological Romanian variety. It can be said that this species has been neglected until now as vegetable crop. This crop gives a high yield in tubers, it grows better in poor soils than most crops, and it is resistant to pests and common plant diseases as well as to cold temperatures (Kosaric, N.,1994). Selection for high yield, inulin content and other economically important traits are useful for improving this crop (Mullin, W. J.,1994). Unlike most crops that store carbon as starch, a polymer of glucose, in the Jerusalem artichoke carbon is stored as inulin, a fructose polymer (Kays, 2007).Aims: The research started in 1996, aimed to obtain  biological stabilized and genetically distinct varieties with reduced variability of the main characters, developing specific technology culture in accordance with DUS and rehabilitation of species through the promotion and expansion as vegetable crops in order to revaluate its many uses.Materials and Methods: It was evaluated the local genetic heritage in this species, representing valuable germplasm base composed of 24 genotypes. After purchasing the basic biological material, the evaluated genotypes were collected and 3 of them were detained as progeny. The breeding method used was the clonal selection.Results: The researches were completed with a valuable germplasm collection in this species, were obtained three varieties with distinct characteristics: L1, which shows pink-brown tubers with a tubers yield of over 3.8 kg / plant and a vegetative mass with a height of 2,5 m, L2, white tuber variety with an yield potential of 3.4 kg / plant and a rich vegetative mass with a height of over 2.8 m and L3 that shows pink tubers with an average yield of 2.4 kg / plant and an average plant height of 0.8 m.Conclusion: The research ended with the evaluation of a valuable germplasm collection. Three stabilized genetically varieties with distinct phenotypic characteristics were obtained. Among them, L1 was patented and the other two will be submitted in 2017. It was developed a specific technology for each variety and has been promotional offered improved material to growers with the aim of extending these varieties as vegetable crops.References Kays, Stanley J., and Stephen F. Nottingham. Biology and chemistry of Jerusalem artichoke: Helianthus tuberosus L. CRC press, 2007.2. Kosaric, N., et al. "The Jerusalem artichoke as an agricultural crop." Biomass5.1 (1984): 1-36.3. Mullin, W. J., et al. "The macronutrient content of fractions from Jerusalem artichoke tubers (Helianthus tuberosus)." Food chemistry 51.3 (1994): 263-269.

scholarly journals VARIABILTY AND STABILTY OF TUBER YIELD OF JERUSALEM ARTICHOKE (Helianthus tuberosus L.) / VARIABILIDAD Y ESTABILIDAD DEL RENDIMIENTO DE TUBERCULOS DEL TOPINAMBO / VARIABILITÉ ET STABILITÉ DU RENDEMENT DU TUBERCULE DE TOPINAMBUR

Helia ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 24 (35) ◽  
pp. 25-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janoš Berenji ◽  
Vladimir Sikora
Keyword(s):  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Jerusalem Artichoke ◽  
Tuber Size ◽  
Yield Stability ◽  
Tuber Number ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Helianthus Tuberosus ◽  
Variety Trial ◽  
Stable Performance ◽  
The Stability

SUMMARYThe objective of this paper was to estimate the genetic and ecological variation as well as the stability of tuber yield per plant, tuber number per plant and tuber size of Jerusalem artichoke based on the results of a variety trial carried out with 20 different Jerusalem artichoke varieties during the period of 1994-2000. Significant genetic as well as ecologycal variation was observed for all of the traits studied. The most promissing varieties showing high tuber yield combined with high yield stability were “BT-4”, “Violet Rennes” and “UKR 4/ 82”. It is encouraging that the highest yielding varieties exibited a rather stable performance over environments.

scholarly journals Early generation selection strategy for yield and yield components in white oat

2005 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 357-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovani Benin ◽  
Fernando Irajá Félix de Carvalho ◽  
Antônio Costa de Oliveira ◽  
Claudir Lorencetti ◽  
Igor Pires Valério ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Indirect Selection ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Direct Selection ◽  
Selection Strategy ◽  
Breeding Method ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Selection For

Several studies have searched for higher efficiency on plant selection in generations bearing high frequency of heterozygotes. This work aims to compare the response of direct selection for grain yield, indirect selection through average grain weight and combined selection for higher yield potential and average grain weight of oat plants (Avena sativa L.), using the honeycomb breeding method. These strategies were applied in the growing seasons of 2001 and 2002 in F3 and F4 populations, respectively, in the crosses UPF 18 CTC 5, OR 2 <FONT FACE=Symbol>´</FONT> UPF 7 and OR 2 <FONT FACE=Symbol>´</FONT> UPF 18. The ten best genetic combinations obtained for each cross and selection strategy were evaluated in greenhouse yield trials. Selection of plants with higher yield and average grain weight might be performed on early generations with high levels of heterozygosis. The direct selection for grain yield and indirect selection for average grain weight enabled to increase the average of characters under selection. However, genotypes obtained through direct selection presented lower average grain weight and those obtained through the indirect selection presented lower yield potential. Selection strategies must be run simultaneously to combine in only one genotype high yield potential and large grain weight, enabling maximum genetic gain for both characters.

scholarly journals Jake hard red spring wheat

2020 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-135
Author(s):  
D. Spaner ◽  
M. Iqbal ◽  
A. Navabi ◽  
K. Strenzke ◽  
B. Beres
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Breeding Method ◽  
Hard Red Spring Wheat ◽  
University Of Alberta ◽  
Bulk Breeding ◽  
Moderately Resistant

Jake hard red spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was developed using a modified bulk breeding method at the University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB. Jake is an awned, hollow-stemmed line with high yield potential, medium tall plants, and medium maturity. During the three years (2015–2017) of evaluation in the Parkland Wheat Cooperative test, Jake yielded 6% higher than the mean of all of the checks, and matured 0.7 and 1.7 d later than Parata and Splendor but 2.9 d earlier than Glenn. Jake was 91.2 cm tall, shorter than AC Splendor (95.8 cm), but similar in height to Glenn (91.8 cm) and Parata (92 cm). The lodging score of Jake (2.2) was lower than Parata (3.1) and AC Splendor (3.1), but similar to Glenn. The test weight of Jake (80.8) was higher than AC Splendor (78.3), similar to Parata (80.5), but lower than Glenn (82.5). The grain weight of Jake (35.6 g) was similar to Parata (35.6 g), but lower than Glenn (36.7 g) and AC Splendor (37.4 g), while the NIR Protein of Jake (15.9%) was higher than Glenn (15.5%) and similar to the other checks. Jake was moderately resistant to resistant to leaf, stem, and stripe rusts, and moderately resistant to common bunt during the 3 yr of testing. The reaction of Jake to Fusarium head blight was variable and ranged from moderately susceptible to moderately resistant, with DON values similar to Carberry and Glenn. Three years of end-use quality evaluation has indicated that Jake is acceptable for the CWRS class.

scholarly journals Responses of Total Biomass, Shoot Dry Weight, Yield and Yield Components of Jerusalem Artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) Varieties under Different Terminal Drought Duration

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 198
Author(s):  
Aunchana Chaimala ◽  
Sanun Jogloy ◽  
Nimitr Vorasoot ◽  
Banyong Toomsan ◽  
Nuntawoot Jongrungklang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Yield Components ◽  
Jerusalem Artichoke ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Improvement Program ◽  
Drought Duration ◽  
Terminal Drought ◽  
High Yield Potential

As a secondary crop planting in the double-cropping system, terminal drought is the major constraint of Jerusalem artichoke production in the rainfed area. This study aims to estimate the effects of different durations of terminal drought on total biomass, tuber yields, harvest index, yield components, and to identify high yield potential and low yield reduction genotypes for the varietal improvement program. A split-plot design with four replications was conducted under field experiment for two years. Three drought durations including non-drought stress (SD0), drought from 60 and 45 days after transplanting until harvest (SD1 and SD2, respectively), were assigned in main plots and six genotypes were arranged in subplots. Crop parameters were greater decreased under a long-drought duration than under short-drought duration. The genotypes were identified; HEL256, JA37 and JA125 had high yield potential under SD0 conditions, whereas there was high yield reduction under drought conditions. In contrast, JA60 and HEL253 were identified as low yield potential and low yield reduction genotypes. This information suggested that high yield potential genotypes and low yield reduction genotypes should be selected and generated progeny population for improvement of new varieties with high yield potential and low yield reduction for growing in terminal drought-prone environments.

Phenotypic diversity and relationships among a worldwide durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum) germplasm collection under rainfed conditions of Iran

2013 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Mohammadi ◽  
Ahmed Amri
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Genetic Advance ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Rainfed Conditions ◽  
The Mean

Information on the variation available for different plant attributes has enabled germplasm collections to be effectively utilised in crop improvement. This study evaluated 380 durum wheat landraces, representing a worldwide durum wheat collection from 16 geographical origins, for several phenological and agronomic traits under rainfed conditions of Iran during three consecutive cropping seasons (2008–11). The experimental design was an unreplicated trial for all landraces, augmented by four repeated check cultivars. Best linear unbiased predictions (BLUPs) representing adjusted genotypic means were generated for individual trials using a mixed model. Multivariate analyses were used to measure the phenotypic diversity within the germplasm collection and relationships among landraces from different geographical regions. Combined analysis of variance indicated significant differences between years, landraces, and their interaction effects, indicating high variability among the germplasm across the years for each studied trait. Low heritability coupled with low genetic advance as a percentage of the mean was observed for days to heading (DTH) and days to maturity (DTM), whereas moderate heritability with moderate genetic advance as a percentage of the mean was exhibited for grain yield (YLD) followed by 1000-kernel weight (TKW) and plant height (PHT). According to Shannon’s phenotypic diversity index, collections from Iran (which represented a high percentage of germplasm tested) exhibited lower diversity in quantitative traits, especially for phenological traits, i.e. DTH and DTM, relative to landraces from other origins. Biplot analyses indicated several significant patterns among landraces from different geographical regions. The landraces with American and Australian origins were closely associated with each other and can be characterised by low yield productivity, high PHT, and high infestation by wheat stem sawfly (WSS). In contrast, the germplasm from Asian origins showed high yield potential and high TKW with good tolerance to WSS. The results indicated that the Iranian landraces with the lowest yield tend to be late in flowering and maturity. In conclusion, landraces with a wide genetic diversity were identified and can be used to achieve breakthrough in the durum wheat genetic improvement.

Noor hard red spring wheat

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Iqbal ◽  
Dean Spaner ◽  
Klaus Strenzke ◽  
Izabela Ciechanowska ◽  
Brian L Beres
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Breeding Method ◽  
Hard Red Spring Wheat ◽  
University Of Alberta ◽  
End Use ◽  
Bulk Breeding

Noor hard red spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was developed using a modified bulk breeding method at the University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada. Noor is an apically awnletted, hollow-stemmed line with a combination of high yield potential, good lodging tolerance, and medium maturity. During the three years (2016-18) of evaluation in the Parkland Wheat Cooperative test, Noor yielded 12% higher than the mean of all checks, and matured similarly to Carberry and Glenn but 3.1 and 2.6 days later than AC Splendor and Parata, respectively. Noor was 94.9 cm tall, shorter than AC Splendor (98.4cm), similar in height to Glenn (94.0cm) and Parata (93.5cm) but taller than Carberry (86.0 cm). The lodging score of Noor (2.1) was lower than Parata (3.0) and AC Splendor (3.0) but similar to Carberry (2.3) and Glenn (2.1). The test weight (kg hL-1) of Noor (80.0) was higher than AC Splendor (78.6), similar to Carberry (80.2) and Parata (80.4) but lower than Glenn (82.2). Grain weight (35 g) and NIR Protein of Noor (14.1%) was lower than all checks. Overall, Noor was rated resistant (R) to the prevalent races of leaf, stem and stripe rusts during the three years of testing. Noor was rated Intermediate (I) to common bunt and Fusarium head blight. Three years of end-use quality evaluation indicated that Noor is acceptable for the Canada Western Red Spring class, with fewer flags.

scholarly journals New Pea (Pisum sativum L.) Accesions Obtained at V.R.D.S. Buzau

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 271
Author(s):  
Costel Vinatoru ◽  
Bianca Zamfir ◽  
Camelia Bratu
Keyword(s):  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Breeding Method ◽  
Pisum Sativum L ◽  
Control Variant

Introduction: Climatic conditions are favourable for cultivation of this species throughout our country. Pea entered Europe in its southeast regions and progressed into its interior via Danube.( Ljuština, Marija, 2010) Concerns for growing this species at V.R.D.S.Buzau existed since the establishment (1957). The assortment of varieties has been recently enriched with a new patented variety named Getica.  Pea (Pisum sativum L.) was the original model organism used in Mendel’s discovery (1866) of the laws of inheritance, making it the foundation of modern plant genetics. (Smýkal, 2012). Pulses, including peas, have long been important components of the human diet due to their content of starch, protein and other nutrients. (Wendy J. Dahl, 2011).Aims: Assortment enriching with new valuable varieties in this species, with high yield capacity and high quality, with different periods of maturation in order to reschedule over a long period of time.Materials and Methods: Researches started with collecting germplasm in this species which currently contains 31 genotypes. As genotype control variant in evaluating and sorting the material used for variety improvement was used the well-known variety Getica. After evaluating this collection four genotypes were retained. Breeding method used was especially recurrent individual selection.Results: The researches finalised with the achievement of four new accessions which show different maturity ages; the earliest was L1 that reached technical maturity on June 1 and the late was L4 that reached technical maturity in June 25. The control variant matured in June 5. In terms of plant height, the most vigorous was L4 with 105 cm height and L3 showed a dwarf port with an average height of 56 cm.Conclusion: It has conducted and evaluated a valuable germplasm collection that can be harnessed to improve future research work, also were obtained four new varieties with distinct characteristics, different ripening periods that will  be proposed for patenting. The results received after promoting new creations among farmers by distributing promotional biological material (seeds) are very positive.References Ljuština, Marija, and Aleksandar Mikić. "A Brief Review on the Early Distribution of Pea (Pisum sativum L.) in Europe." Field & Vegetable Crops Research/Ratarstvo i povrtarstvo 47.2 (2010).Smýkal, Petr, et al. "Pea (Pisum sativum L.) in the genomic era." Agronomy 2.2 (2012): 74-115.Wendy J. Dahl, Lauren M. Foster and Robert T. Tyler (2012). Review of the health benefits of peas (Pisum sativum L.). British Journal of Nutrition, 108, pp S3-S10. doi:10.1017/S0007114512000852. 13 December 2011)

FloRunTM ‘331’ Peanut Variety

EDIS ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry L. Tillman
Keyword(s):  
Seed Size ◽  
Growth Habit ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
University Of Florida ◽  
High Oleic ◽  
Central Stem ◽  
Research And Education ◽  
The University ◽  
High Yield Potential

FloRunTM ‘331’ peanut variety was developed by the University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, North Florida Research and Education Center near Marianna, Florida.  It was released in 2016 because it combines high yield potential with excellent disease tolerance. FloRunTM ‘331’ has a typical runner growth habit with a semi-prominent central stem and medium green foliage.  It has medium runner seed size with high oleic oil chemistry.

Evaluation of Agronomic Traits of Sponge Gourd (Luffa cylindrica) Inbred Lines Under Plastic House in Thua Thien Hue

2017 ◽  
Vol 126 (3E) ◽  
Author(s):  
Trương Thị Hồng Hải ◽  
Nguyễn Thị Diệu Thể ◽  
Phan Thu Thảo
Keyword(s):  
Skin Color ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Leaf Traits ◽  
Pure Line ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Fruit Shape ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Sponge Gourd

In order to establish the pure line of sponge gourd containing aroma feature, we selected the desirable inbred lines by using a self-pollinating method. The present study was investigated to estimate the morphological traits and fruit quality of 6 sponge gourd inbred lines which generated at 4th generation of an aroma Luffa accession B29 under plastic house conditions. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications, from May to November in 2016. Five plants per replication were examined. The results indicated that all inbred lines could grow well under plastic house conditions. The inbred lines had the same stem and leaf traits; whereas fruit shape, skin color and fruit veins color were observed differently among inbred lines. The aromatic trait was retained in all inbred lines either before or after cooking. The high yield was found in lines BC1 and BC2 by 10.1 tons/ha and 10.7 tons/ha, respectively. These inbred lines should be examined in open field condition to confirm the presence of aromatic trait and yield potential before completion of the procedures for recognition of new Luffa varieties.  

Coordinated Rice Improvement Project in India: Its Significant Achievements and Future prospects

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (Special) ◽  
pp. 82-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
LV Subba Rao ◽  
RA Fiyaz ◽  
AK Jukanti ◽  
G Padmavathi ◽  
J Badri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Improvement Project ◽  
Nutritional Security ◽  
Food Grain ◽  
Rice Improvement ◽  
Food And Nutritional Security ◽  
Sincere Effort

India is the second largest producer of rice in the world and it is the most important staple food grain. All India Coordinated Rice Improvement Project (AICRIP) was initiated with objective of conducting multi-location trials to identify suitable genotypes of high yield potential along with appropriate crop management practices. Since its inception AICRIP contributed significantly in meeting the growing demand both within and outside India. Significant progress has been achieved through AICRIP in terms of varietal release thereby increasing the crop productivity and also meeting the food and nutritional security. This paper makes a sincere effort in bringing out the significant achievements/milestones achieved under the AICRIP program and also gives a few directions for widening the areas under AICRIP.

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