scholarly journals Influence of the Crown Shape on the Input of the Fruit and the Productive Potential of Cherry Trees in a High-Density System

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerian BALAN ◽  
Igor IVANOV ◽  
Petru BALAN
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
High Density ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
The Third ◽  
Crown Shape ◽  
Slender Spindle ◽  
Low Volume

The purpose of this study was to practice and improve the use of low volume crowns in a high-density system in order to obtain qualitative cherry production that would be competitive on the market and to make efficient use of the labor force. The research was carried out in the intensive cherry orchard planted in the autumn of 2011 with “Ferrovia”, “Kordia”, and “Regina” varieties, grafted on Gisela 6 (Prunus cerasus × Prunus canescens) rootstock interspaced at 4x2.5 m and managed according to the Ameliorated natural crown systems with low volume, Ameliorated Slender Spindle and Vase shaped crown. Harvest, diameter, firmness, dry matter content and fruit weight were determined. The trees started to yield in the third year after planting. The harvest in the second year of yielding was 4-5 kg/tree. The average harvest in the third year of yielding was 9640-13290 kg/ha. For all three varieties the harvested quantity and fruit size were correlated with the crown shape. The Ameliorated Slender Spindle crown provided the highest production per hectare, while the Flattened Vase Shaped crown provided the lowest yield but had the highest values of the fruit size (28.2-28.4 mm) and of the soluble dry matter in the fruit (17.9-18.6 Brix%).

scholarly journals Collection accessions and source material as a determining factor for producing new melon cultivars

2020 ◽  
Vol 181 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-27
Author(s):  
E. A. Varivoda ◽  
Т. G. Koleboshina ◽  
М. S. Kornilova
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Source Material ◽  
High Yield ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Main Trend ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
High Dry Matter

Background. The main trend in melon breeding is the development of cultivars with good taste, high yield, and disease resistance. The task may be solved through a scientific search for new source material meeting these requirements.Materials and methods. The research was performed at Bykovsky Cucurbit Breeding Experiment Station. Melon accessions of various origin and F1 hybrids from the nursery of source material served as the research material. In total, during the period of 2015–2017, over 100 melon accessions were studied: 45 accessions from the VIR collection, 61 from various companies, and 12 developed at various research institutions. In the nursery of source material, the accessions were hybridized and the resulting hybrid combinations were tested, including tests against infections. All of them were evaluated for their economically useful traits, yield, taste qualities, and resistance to bio- and abiostressors. During the trials they were compared with the best released cultivars approved for dryland conditions according to the developed guidelines.Results. The purpose of this work was to study the genetic collections of melons and obtain new source forms for further breeding. As a result of the study of the collection material, 12 accessions were identified with the following economically useful traits: high yield (exceeding the reference by more than 20%), high dry matter content (from 14 to 19%), large fruit size (fruit weight higher than 4.0 kg), and other features. After hybridization and testing in F1, the following 5 hybrid combinations were distinguished: Ekler × Osen; Dyuna × Mayskaya, Sheker and No 323; Katyusha × Mestny (k-7459, Georgia); Harmony × Mestny (k7461, Georgia), characterized by a set of features important for breeding.Conclusion. Thus, for further improvement by breeding and release of new melon cultivars, source accessions were selected with a yield exceeding 15.0 t/ha, dry matter content of 13.0%, bright fruit color, and resistance to diseases.

scholarly journals Quality and Nutritional Compounds of Prunus Cerasus L. Var. Austera Fruit Grown in Central Italy

HortScience ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 1005-1012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simona Proietti ◽  
Stefano Moscatello ◽  
Fiorella Villani ◽  
Federica Mecucci ◽  
Robert P. Walker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Nutritional Characteristics ◽  
Growing Environment ◽  
Nutritional Compounds

Key nutritional characteristics of the fruit flesh of 41 sour cherries growing in the region of Umbria in central Italy have been determined. Fruit size, flesh dry matter content, nonstructural carbohydrates, organic acids, and anthocyanins were the analyzed parameters. Both the growing environment and genotype were statistically significant for most of the characteristics. Morello sour cherries were characterized by a large amount of sorbitol (up to 44.2 mg·g−1 FW), which contributed significantly to the dry matter content of the flesh, malic acid content that was higher (up to 48.4 mg·g−1 FW) than any published values for cherry flesh, and high anthocyanin content (up to 383.4 mg per 100 g FW). Cyanidin 3-glucosyl rutinoside was the most abundant compound. The analyzed germplasm could be the basis for breeding programs and new industrial products with high nutritional value.

scholarly journals Influence of the Planting Distance and the Crown Shape on the Fruit Harvest and the Productive Potential of Cherry Trees in a High-Density System

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor IVANOV ◽  
Valerian BALAN ◽  
Ananie PEŞTEANU ◽  
Sergiu VAMASESCU ◽  
Petru BALAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Production ◽  
High Density ◽  
Crown Shape ◽  
Productive Potential ◽  
Slender Spindle ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Low Volume ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Planting Distance ◽  
Cherry Trees

Cherry technology is permanently modernized due to new varieties, vegetal rootstocks and new tree management systems. The cherry varieties “Bigarreau Burlat”, “Ferrovia” and “Lapins”, grafted on Gisela 6 (Prunus cerasus × Prunus canescens) rootstock at distances of 5x1.5 m; 5x2.0 m; 5x2.5 m, were studied in the southern area of the Republic of Moldova. The trees were shaped by the Ameliorated natural reduced-volume crown and Slender Spindle Ameliorated form. Cherry trees start to yield in the fourth year after planting; the largest total fruit production from the tree was obtained in the variant with trees planted at a distance of 5x2.5 m and per hectare, when the trees were planted at a distance of 5x1.5 m. In the fourth year of yielding, the production of “Ferrovia” cherry variety, where the trees were shaped by the Ameliorated natural crown with low volume constituted 15368-18155 kg/ha, and at the time the “Slender Spindle Ameliorated” form, constituted 16904 -20074 kg/ha. Although the results are preliminary, it seems that high-density planting systems combined with low-power vegetal rootstocks and improved crowns can give higher yields of cherries in the first 4 years than the traditional improved crown system with low volume.

Effects of water stress on dry matter content and partitioning in four grapevine cultivars (Vitis vinifera L.)

OENO One ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Gómez-del-Campo ◽  
Pilar Baeza ◽  
C. Ruiz ◽  
José Ramón Lissarrague
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Irrigation Treatment ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Full Irrigation ◽  
Dry Matter Partitioning ◽  
Accumulation Pattern

<p style="text-align: justify;">Three-year-old grapevines of four cultivars (Garnacha tinta (Grenache noir), Tempranillo, Chardonnay and Airén) were grown on 35 L container under full irrigation and restricted irrigation conditions in order to determine the effect of water stress on carbohydrate allocation. Total grapevine dry matter was measured at pruning, fruitset, veraison and harvest. Roots, wood, shoots, leaves and clusters were dried separately. Shoots were the most affected organs by water stress, while wood was the least affected. Vines under water stress partitioned more dry matter to wood and roots to the detriment of fruits and shoots. The period from fruitset to veraison was the most active for dry matter accumulation under conditions of stress, whereas non-water stressed vines accumulated more dry matter from veraison to harvest. Under both irrigation treatments, fruits competed with roots for dry matter partitioning. Irrigation treatment and cultivar determined fruit size. Fruit size determined dry matter partitioning between organs and the dry matter accumulation pattern.</p>

scholarly journals Biometrical characteristics of R2 generation of anther-derived pepper (Capsicum spp.) plants

2012 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 53-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Kisiała ◽  
Dorota Olszewska ◽  
Aleksandra Niklas-Nowak ◽  
Paweł Nowaczyk
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Extract Content ◽  
Capsicum Spp ◽  
Dh Lines ◽  
Pericarp Thickness ◽  
Fruit Characters ◽  
Number Of Seeds

Eight anther-derived DH lines of pepper hybrids: two red-fruited (AP14, AP15) and two yellow lines (AP25 and AP32) of <i>C. annuum</i> (ATZ1 × PO)F<sub>2</sub>, two lines of (<i>C. frutescens</i> × <i>C. annuum</i>)F<sub>1</sub> (FA1, FA2), and two of (<i>C. frutescens</i> × <i>C. chinense</i>)F<sub>1</sub> (FCH2, FCH3), were studied regarding important morphological plant and fruit characters. <i>C. annuum</i> breeding line 'ATZ1' was used as a standard. The following traits were evaluated: total fruit yield, fruit weight, weight of placenta with seeds, technological matter, pericarp thickness, extract content, dry matter content, weight and number of seeds per fruit. The level of homogeneity within the DH lines was analysed with a one-way analysis of variance, additionally the values of coefficient of variation (CV) were determined for the tested plant characters. The highest phenotypic uniformity was noted for the red-fruited lines obtained from anthers of (ATZ1 × PO)F<sub>2</sub> and for the DH lines of (<i>C. frutescens</i> × <i>C. annuum</i>) F<sub>1</sub>, while the least uniform were FCH2 and FCH3 lines of (<i>C. frutescens</i> × <i>C. chinense</i>)F<sub>1</sub>. The DH lines AP14 and AP15, as well as FA1 and FA2 were phenotype homogeneous in respect of weight of fruit, technological matter, pericarp thickness and extract content. For these parameters, also the values of CV were the lowest. Statistically significant interline polymorphism between the androgenic lines of the same origin was detected among the lines of <i>C. annuum</i> (ATZ1 × PO)F<sub>2</sub>.

scholarly journals CHANGES IN PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF CORNELIAN CHERRY (CORNUS MAS L.) FRUITS IN DEPENDENCE ON DEGREE OF RIPENING AND ECOTYPES

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-262
Author(s):  
Iwona Szot ◽  
Paweł Szot ◽  
Tomasz Lipa ◽  
Bożena Sosnowska ◽  
Bohdan Dobrzański
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Fruit Shape ◽  
High Ratio ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Cornelian Cherry ◽  
Cornus Mas ◽  
Wide Range

Cornelian cherry in Poland belongs to the alternative fruit species. The fruits are suitable for fresh consumption, however they can be used for processing: juice, jams, jellies, syrups, tinctures. Fruits are abundant in mineral elements, vitamin C, organic acids, iridoids, anthocyanins and due to that they have health-promoting significance. In this experiment, the fruit quality of several 16-year-old ecotypes in the Lublin region was compared. They were compared in terms of the beginning of fruit ripening and fruit size (length, diameter, mass), fruit shape index, share of stone in the fruit, SSC, TA, SSC/TA, reducing sugar, dry matter content and anthocyanins content. The color of fruit was evaluated in two dates, visually and using HanterLab spectrophotometer. Cornelian cherry fruits began to mature at the beginning of August and at the latest at the end of August. With the increase of the maturity degree, the SSC, reducing sugars, TA, dry matter and anthocyanins increased significantly. There was no difference in the taste of light red fruits and dark red fruits, which were characterized by similar ratio of SSC/TA. Ecotype No. 11, as the earliest maturing, with big round fruits, dark red colored with the highest content of anthocyanins, could be distinguished. As well as ecotypes No. 4 and 5, ripening in mid-August, and having a high ratio of SSC/TA, providing a good taste. Studied ecotypes could be used in breeding programs to incorporate a wide range of quality and agronomic characteristics into a final cornelian cherry cultivar.

scholarly journals Coating Waxes on Pepper Fruits cv. Caribbean and Quality on Different Storage Conditions

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 826A-826
Author(s):  
Juan E. Manzano-Méndex ◽  
Judith Zambrano
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Storage Time ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Fresh Fruit ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Fruit Samples

Pepper fruits (Capsicum annum L. c.v. Caribbean) were treated with two commercial was coatings, Primafresh and Prolong. Fruits were sprayed with Primafresh (original concentration) and Prolong at 0.5% and 1.5% (w/v) concentration. Fruit samples were taken for analysis each of 5 days during 20 days from storage rooms at 1, 5, 10, and 15C. Parameters TSS, titratable acidity, pH, fresh fruit weight loss, texture, and dry matter content were analyzed. TSS and dry matter decreased with the storage time. Titratable acidity increased until 10 days after storage and decreased when fruit were stored for a longer time. The lowest texture deformation was observed at 1 and 5C. Coating treatments reduced the rate of fresh fruit weight loss of peppers compared to uncoated ones.

scholarly journals Growth and yield of cucumber under no-tillage cultivation using rye as a cover crop

2012 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Jelonkiewicz ◽  
Andrzej Borowy
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crop ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
The Third ◽  
Seed Sowing ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium

In the first two years of study, method of cultivation did not affect the emergence of cucumber seedlings. In the third year, a drought occurring during the spring was the cause of poor seedling emergence on no-tilled plots. Six weeks after seed sowing, the shoots of cucumbers grown on the no-tilled plots were much shorter, especially in the last study year. At the time of cucumber seed sowing, no-tilled soil contained less phosphorus and potassium and in the middle of the fructification period the content of these elements in cucumber leaves was higher under no-tillage cultivation. Additional spring fertilization of rye with ammonium nitrate resulted in a higher N-NO<sub>3</sub> content in soil and later in a higher nitrogen content of cucumber leaves. The content of calcium and magnesium in soil and than in cucumber leaves was independent of the cultivation method. In the first two years, method of cultivation did not affect the yield of cucumber fruits and in the third year the yield was much lower under no-tillage because of poor seedling emergence. Moreover, in the third year the fruits were smaller and dry matter content of the fruit was significantly higer under no-tillage cultivation.

Dry matter content and fruit size affect flavour and texture of novel Actinidia deliciosa genotypes

2010 ◽  
Vol 91 (4) ◽  
pp. 742-748 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simona Nardozza ◽  
Joanna Gamble ◽  
Lauren G Axten ◽  
Mark W Wohlers ◽  
Michael J Clearwater ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Actinidia Deliciosa ◽  
Dry Matter Content

scholarly journals Correlative relation of yield and fruit quality with some phenological phases in peach

Genetika ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera Rakonjac
Keyword(s):  
Flowering Time ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Phenotypic Correlation ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Ripening Time

Ripening time of peach cultivars that are grown up in our country is extended over a time period of almost four months. In addition to that, one of more important objectives of the peach breeding is creation of the cultivars having either very early or very late ripening time. Our so far experience is that the peach cultivars which ripening time is in the extremes is of lower fruit quality. The aim of this study, therefore, was to determine relationship and the nature of the dependence between flowering time or ripening time from one side and yield, yield components (initial and final fruit set, fruit weight and stone weight) and chemical composition of fruit (content of total dry matter, content of soluble solids, content of total, invert and reduced sugar and content of total acid) on the other side. Twenty peach cultivars each having a different ripening time were using as material. The relationship between characteristics was determined on the basis of values of genetic and phenotypic correlation coefficients. Genetic and phenotypic coefficients of correlation were calculated based on the results of monofactorial analysis of covariance where the years considered as replications. It was confirmed that flowering time was positive genetic and phenotypic correlated with initial fruit set and with final fruit set. The existence of significant genetic and phenotypic correlation between ripening time and fruit weight, between ripening time and dry matter content and between ripening time and soluble solid content represented difficulty in creation of new peach cultivars of early ripening time and improved fruit quality .

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