scholarly journals Quality and Nutritional Compounds of Prunus Cerasus L. Var. Austera Fruit Grown in Central Italy

HortScience ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 1005-1012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simona Proietti ◽  
Stefano Moscatello ◽  
Fiorella Villani ◽  
Federica Mecucci ◽  
Robert P. Walker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Nutritional Characteristics ◽  
Growing Environment ◽  
Nutritional Compounds

Key nutritional characteristics of the fruit flesh of 41 sour cherries growing in the region of Umbria in central Italy have been determined. Fruit size, flesh dry matter content, nonstructural carbohydrates, organic acids, and anthocyanins were the analyzed parameters. Both the growing environment and genotype were statistically significant for most of the characteristics. Morello sour cherries were characterized by a large amount of sorbitol (up to 44.2 mg·g−1 FW), which contributed significantly to the dry matter content of the flesh, malic acid content that was higher (up to 48.4 mg·g−1 FW) than any published values for cherry flesh, and high anthocyanin content (up to 383.4 mg per 100 g FW). Cyanidin 3-glucosyl rutinoside was the most abundant compound. The analyzed germplasm could be the basis for breeding programs and new industrial products with high nutritional value.

scholarly journals Nutritional value and digestible dry matter production of oat genotypes for ensiling

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Vinicius Iank Bueno ◽  
Matheus Gonçalves Ribeiro ◽  
Fernando Alberto Jacovaci ◽  
Tamara Tais Três ◽  
Guilherme Fernando Mattos Leão ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Nutritional Characteristics ◽  
Block Scheme ◽  
Before And After

Abstract This study evaluated dry matter yield and nutritional characteristics of different oat genotypes (Avena spp.) for ensiling. Treatments consisted of genotypes of white oat IPR 126 (Avena sativa), black oat Cabocla IPR and Agrocoxilha (Avena strigosa), and BRS Madrugada and BRS Centauro (Avena vertis). Oats were harvested at the phenological stage of milk/dough grain. The design was a completely randomized block scheme, with five treatments and three replications per treatment. The IPR Cabocla genotype showed the highest dry matter content (before and after silo opening) and in vitro dry matter digestibility of fresh forage. No differences were observed for in vitro dry matter digestibility and dry matter losses among silages. The highest silage digestible dry matter yield (kg ha-1) was observed for the BRS Centauro genotype. Thus, despite the better nutritional quality presented by the IPR Cabocla genotype before ensiling, BRS Centauro genotype presented a higher yield of digestible dry matter per hectare.

Effects of water stress on dry matter content and partitioning in four grapevine cultivars (Vitis vinifera L.)

OENO One ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Gómez-del-Campo ◽  
Pilar Baeza ◽  
C. Ruiz ◽  
José Ramón Lissarrague
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Irrigation Treatment ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Full Irrigation ◽  
Dry Matter Partitioning ◽  
Accumulation Pattern

<p style="text-align: justify;">Three-year-old grapevines of four cultivars (Garnacha tinta (Grenache noir), Tempranillo, Chardonnay and Airén) were grown on 35 L container under full irrigation and restricted irrigation conditions in order to determine the effect of water stress on carbohydrate allocation. Total grapevine dry matter was measured at pruning, fruitset, veraison and harvest. Roots, wood, shoots, leaves and clusters were dried separately. Shoots were the most affected organs by water stress, while wood was the least affected. Vines under water stress partitioned more dry matter to wood and roots to the detriment of fruits and shoots. The period from fruitset to veraison was the most active for dry matter accumulation under conditions of stress, whereas non-water stressed vines accumulated more dry matter from veraison to harvest. Under both irrigation treatments, fruits competed with roots for dry matter partitioning. Irrigation treatment and cultivar determined fruit size. Fruit size determined dry matter partitioning between organs and the dry matter accumulation pattern.</p>

scholarly journals Evaluation of Maize “Turda” Germplasm as Sources of Earliness in Breeding Programs

2012 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioan HAS ◽  
Voichița HAS ◽  
Ana Copandean ◽  
Teodora SCHIOP ◽  
Carmen ROTAR
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Base Material ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Local Populations ◽  
Synthetic Populations

Evaluation of the early maize ( Zea mays L.) germplasm is important for the development of new inbred lines and commercial hybrids adapted to cooler regions. Choice of populations to use in improving elite maize hybrids is a critical decision in maize breeding programs. Our objectives were: I) to examine the variation for earliness in a set of 256 local populations, 56 synthetic populations and 504 inbred lines; II) to determine the performance and heterosis of this germplasm; III) to identify the genotypes (local populations, inbred lines) for the initiation of the primary cycle for directional selection for the studied characters. Seven synthetic populations and six inbred lines formed the base material of this genetic study. The seven synthetic populations and their topcrosses to four inbred lines: two flint inbred lines (TD 233 and CO 255) and two dent inbred lines (TC 184 and TC 209) and also a diallel type p(p-1) system with 30 single-cross hybrids and the six parental forms were evaluated at four environments in: two years 2009 and 2010 and two locations Turda and Targu- Mures. The highest values of additive effects for grain dry matter content were recorded at: Tu Syn Mara (ĝ n = +1.80), Tu SRR 5D (2I) (1) (ĝn = +0.62) and Tu Syn 1 (ĝn = +0.45). Therefore, Tu Syn Mara, Tu SRR 5D (2I)(1) and Tu Syn 1 produced hybrids with the most early maturity. The highest general combining ability (GCA) for dry matter accumulation in grains has registered the inbred lines TC209 (ĝ = +1.36) and TC208 (ĝ = +0.71).

scholarly journals CHANGES IN PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF CORNELIAN CHERRY (CORNUS MAS L.) FRUITS IN DEPENDENCE ON DEGREE OF RIPENING AND ECOTYPES

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-262
Author(s):  
Iwona Szot ◽  
Paweł Szot ◽  
Tomasz Lipa ◽  
Bożena Sosnowska ◽  
Bohdan Dobrzański
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Fruit Shape ◽  
High Ratio ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Cornelian Cherry ◽  
Cornus Mas ◽  
Wide Range

Cornelian cherry in Poland belongs to the alternative fruit species. The fruits are suitable for fresh consumption, however they can be used for processing: juice, jams, jellies, syrups, tinctures. Fruits are abundant in mineral elements, vitamin C, organic acids, iridoids, anthocyanins and due to that they have health-promoting significance. In this experiment, the fruit quality of several 16-year-old ecotypes in the Lublin region was compared. They were compared in terms of the beginning of fruit ripening and fruit size (length, diameter, mass), fruit shape index, share of stone in the fruit, SSC, TA, SSC/TA, reducing sugar, dry matter content and anthocyanins content. The color of fruit was evaluated in two dates, visually and using HanterLab spectrophotometer. Cornelian cherry fruits began to mature at the beginning of August and at the latest at the end of August. With the increase of the maturity degree, the SSC, reducing sugars, TA, dry matter and anthocyanins increased significantly. There was no difference in the taste of light red fruits and dark red fruits, which were characterized by similar ratio of SSC/TA. Ecotype No. 11, as the earliest maturing, with big round fruits, dark red colored with the highest content of anthocyanins, could be distinguished. As well as ecotypes No. 4 and 5, ripening in mid-August, and having a high ratio of SSC/TA, providing a good taste. Studied ecotypes could be used in breeding programs to incorporate a wide range of quality and agronomic characteristics into a final cornelian cherry cultivar.

scholarly journals Influence of the Crown Shape on the Input of the Fruit and the Productive Potential of Cherry Trees in a High-Density System

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerian BALAN ◽  
Igor IVANOV ◽  
Petru BALAN
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
High Density ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
The Third ◽  
Crown Shape ◽  
Slender Spindle ◽  
Low Volume

The purpose of this study was to practice and improve the use of low volume crowns in a high-density system in order to obtain qualitative cherry production that would be competitive on the market and to make efficient use of the labor force. The research was carried out in the intensive cherry orchard planted in the autumn of 2011 with “Ferrovia”, “Kordia”, and “Regina” varieties, grafted on Gisela 6 (Prunus cerasus × Prunus canescens) rootstock interspaced at 4x2.5 m and managed according to the Ameliorated natural crown systems with low volume, Ameliorated Slender Spindle and Vase shaped crown. Harvest, diameter, firmness, dry matter content and fruit weight were determined. The trees started to yield in the third year after planting. The harvest in the second year of yielding was 4-5 kg/tree. The average harvest in the third year of yielding was 9640-13290 kg/ha. For all three varieties the harvested quantity and fruit size were correlated with the crown shape. The Ameliorated Slender Spindle crown provided the highest production per hectare, while the Flattened Vase Shaped crown provided the lowest yield but had the highest values of the fruit size (28.2-28.4 mm) and of the soluble dry matter in the fruit (17.9-18.6 Brix%).

scholarly journals Some physiological changes in Waldsteinia trifolia (Roch.) leaves in different months of the year

2012 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-91
Author(s):  
Renata Wojciechowska ◽  
Tadeusz Kobyłko ◽  
Anna Hostyńska
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Electrolyte Leakage ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Leaf Discs ◽  
High Dry Matter

The study concerned an evergreen herbal plant <i>Waldsteinia trifolia</i> Roch. This species can be found more and more often in garden plantings in Poland. The aim of the study was to estimate the content of photosynthetic pigments, anthocyanins and dry matter as well as the permeability of cytoplasmatic membranes of <i>Waldsteinia</i> leaves. Plants grew in an ornamental plant collection at the premises of the Faculty of Horticulture of the Agricultural University in Kraków. The study was conducted in 2006 and 2007 in the following months: March, May, June, September, October and November. The permeability of cytoplasmatic membranes was estimated based on electrolyte leakage from leaf discs at 20°C in relation to total electrolytes in the tissue after unfreezing. The first days with temperature drops down to around 0°C in autumn resulted in a decrease in chlorophyll a, b and carotenoid content, but significantly increased anthocyanin content. The ratio of chlorophyll a to b and the ratio of total chlorophylls to carotenoids did not change in particular months. In both years of study, similar changes in dry matter content of the <i>Waldsteinia</i> leaves were observed. Dry matter content significantly increased in June and November and decreased in May and October. In June and in autumn, after first slight frosts, an increase of electrolyte leakage from the leaf discs was observed. However, high dry matter content (40.3%) was accompanied by lower permeability of the cytoplasmatic membranes of the leaves after winter during March. These results have shown good adaptation of <i>Waldsteinia trifolia</i> plants to the climatic conditions in Poland.

Dry matter content and fruit size affect flavour and texture of novel Actinidia deliciosa genotypes

2010 ◽  
Vol 91 (4) ◽  
pp. 742-748 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simona Nardozza ◽  
Joanna Gamble ◽  
Lauren G Axten ◽  
Mark W Wohlers ◽  
Michael J Clearwater ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Actinidia Deliciosa ◽  
Dry Matter Content

scholarly journals Low-cost, handheld near-infrared spectroscopy for root dry matter content prediction in cassava

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenna Hershberger ◽  
Edwige Gaby Nkouaya Mbanjo ◽  
Prasad Peteti ◽  
Andrew Smith Ikpan ◽  
Kayode Ogunpaimo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Test Sets ◽  
Root Dry Matter Content

Over 800 million people across the tropics rely on cassava as a major source of calories. While the root dry matter content (RDMC) of this starchy root crop is important for both producers and consumers, characterization of RDMC by traditional methods is time-consuming and laborious for breeding programs. Alternate phenotyping methods have been proposed but lack the accuracy, cost, or speed ultimately needed for cassava breeding programs. For this reason, we investigated the use of a low-cost, handheld NIR spectrometer for field-based RDMC prediction in cassava. Oven-dried measurements of RDMC were paired with 21,044 scans of roots of 376 diverse clones from 10 field trials in Nigeria and grouped into training and test sets based on cross-validation schemes relevant to plant breeding programs. Mean partial least squares regression model performance ranged from R2p = 0.62 - 0.89 for within-trial predictions, which is within the range achieved with laboratory-grade spectrometers in previous studies. Relative to other factors, model performance was highly impacted by the inclusion of samples from the same environment in both the training and test sets. Random forest variable importance analysis of root spectra revealed increased importance in a region previously identified as predictive of water content in plants (~950 - 990 nm). With appropriate model calibration, the tested spectrometer will allow for field-based collection of spectral data with a smartphone for accurate RDMC prediction and potentially other quality traits, a step that could be easily integrated into existing harvesting workflows of cassava breeding programs.

scholarly journals Promising green banana and plantain genotypes for making flour

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronielli Cardoso Reis ◽  
Eliseth de Souza Viana ◽  
Stephanie Lima Ferreira de Assis ◽  
Luise de Oliveira Sena ◽  
Andrea dos Santos de Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Resistant Starch ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Nutritional Characteristics ◽  
Flour Yield ◽  
Flour Production ◽  
Green Banana

Abstract: The objective of this work was to characterize banana and plantain genotypes and to identify the most promising for flour production. Sixteen plantain genotypes and four banana cultivars were evaluated for dry matter content and flour yield. The obtained flours were characterized by color (L*, C*, and h*) and by moisture, total and resistant starch, ash, protein, lipid, and fiber contents. A low genetic variability was observed among plantains for the evaluated physicochemical and nutritional characteristics. The Chifre de Vaca, Comprida, Terra Ponta Aparada, Trois Vert, Terrinha, and Terra Maranhão plantains showed the highest dry matter contents and flour yield. The Chifre de Vaca, Comprida, Curare Enano, Mongolo, Trois Vert, and Terra Maranhão plantains and the 'Pacovan', 'Prata Anã', 'BRS Platina', and 'BRS SCS Belluna' bananas had resistant starch levels above 60%. The flour from 'BRS SCS Belluna' presented the highest contents of ash, protein, and fiber, as well as the lowest caloric value. Considering dry matter content, flour yields, and resistant starch, the Chifre de Vaca, Comprida, Trois Vert, and Terra Maranhão plantains are the best options to produce flour. From a nutritional point of view, 'BRS SCS Belluna' is a good option for producing flour rich in resistant starch, mineral, protein, and fiber contents.

scholarly journals Collection accessions and source material as a determining factor for producing new melon cultivars

2020 ◽  
Vol 181 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-27
Author(s):  
E. A. Varivoda ◽  
Т. G. Koleboshina ◽  
М. S. Kornilova
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Source Material ◽  
High Yield ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Main Trend ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
High Dry Matter

Background. The main trend in melon breeding is the development of cultivars with good taste, high yield, and disease resistance. The task may be solved through a scientific search for new source material meeting these requirements.Materials and methods. The research was performed at Bykovsky Cucurbit Breeding Experiment Station. Melon accessions of various origin and F1 hybrids from the nursery of source material served as the research material. In total, during the period of 2015–2017, over 100 melon accessions were studied: 45 accessions from the VIR collection, 61 from various companies, and 12 developed at various research institutions. In the nursery of source material, the accessions were hybridized and the resulting hybrid combinations were tested, including tests against infections. All of them were evaluated for their economically useful traits, yield, taste qualities, and resistance to bio- and abiostressors. During the trials they were compared with the best released cultivars approved for dryland conditions according to the developed guidelines.Results. The purpose of this work was to study the genetic collections of melons and obtain new source forms for further breeding. As a result of the study of the collection material, 12 accessions were identified with the following economically useful traits: high yield (exceeding the reference by more than 20%), high dry matter content (from 14 to 19%), large fruit size (fruit weight higher than 4.0 kg), and other features. After hybridization and testing in F1, the following 5 hybrid combinations were distinguished: Ekler × Osen; Dyuna × Mayskaya, Sheker and No 323; Katyusha × Mestny (k-7459, Georgia); Harmony × Mestny (k7461, Georgia), characterized by a set of features important for breeding.Conclusion. Thus, for further improvement by breeding and release of new melon cultivars, source accessions were selected with a yield exceeding 15.0 t/ha, dry matter content of 13.0%, bright fruit color, and resistance to diseases.

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