scholarly journals Influence of Technology and Environment on the Pollen Germination Capacity in Cherry

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreea Flavia ANDRECAN ◽  
Viorel MITRE ◽  
Olimpia IORDĂNESCU ◽  
Mirela Irina CORDEA
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Pollen Fertility ◽  
Pollen Germination ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Germination Capacity ◽  
Bud Formation ◽  
High Maximum

Pollen of four cherry cultivars (‘Lapins, ‘Kordia’, ‘Sylvia’, ‘Regina’) was collected and examined with microscop to determine its germination capacity. It was observed that pollen fertility varied from 18.7 % to 80.1 %. Environmental conditions of the studied area as well as applied treatments affected pollen germination capacity. Due to the high maximum temperature recorded in 13.03.2018, bud formation was induced 18 day earlier than in the previous years, growth started on March 31st, when the temperature was 21.5˚C. Regarding production, the highest yield was obtained in ‘Regina’ variety 9.7 kg/tree, ‘Kordia’ 9.3 kg/tree, ‘Lapins’ 8.8 kg/tree and Sylvia 8.2 kg/tree. In autumn of the previous year, the trees were fertilized with urea, in a concentration of 3 kg per ha, and in the spring with CROPAID, in a concentration of 5 liters per ha. The results show that germination percentage was much higher in the pollen collected from the treated trees than in the untreated ones.

scholarly journals Biology of Flowering, Fruit and Viability of Pollen of Varieties and Forms of Quince Cultivated on the Territory of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 64-69
Author(s):  
L. Bayramov
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Fertility ◽  
Pollen Germination ◽  
Glucose Solution ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Germinated Pollen ◽  
Autonomous Republic

Abstract. The zones of distribution of varieties and forms of quince on the territory of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic have been established, phenological observations have been carried out, their flowering and fruiting have been studied. On the territory of the Autonomous Republic, flowering of varieties and forms of quince begins in the second decade of April, depending on the distribution zone, with an average daily temperature of 12–13 °C and lasts 12–13 days, depending on weather conditions. Each flower has 10–12 stamens arranged in one row. The article also studied the viability of pollen in a number of quince varieties. Pollen viability was studied in the varieties Sary, Tursh, Ordubad, Gara and wild forms. Pollen fertility was determined by staining with acetocarmine. Pollen germinates in 2–5–10–15 and 20% glucose solution. Counting of germinated pollen grains was carried out under a microscope. The study showed that of all the experimental varieties, the pollen fertility of the Sary quince and Tursh quince varieties is high (up to 96.6–97.1%). The best medium for the germination of quince pollen is a 10–15% glucose solution. Pollen germination in this solution reaches 47.4–88.0%. In distilled water (control), the germination of quince pollen reached from 9.7% to 35.6% for varieties. Quince pollen remains viable for 31–43 days.

scholarly journals Impact of Initial Environmental Conditions on Germination, Growth, and Development of Cucumis Sativus at Lamjung

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 211-216
Author(s):  
A. Chapagain ◽  
A. Khanal
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Final Height ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Vegetable Crop ◽  
Leaf Initiation ◽  
True Leaf ◽  
Edible Fruit ◽  
Germination Speed

Cucumber is the fourth most important vegetable crop worldwide favored for its edible fruit. Cucumber cannot be grown in the winter months due to its intolerance to cold and frost. An experiment was conducted in IAAS, Lamjung to test the effectiveness of various nursery raising conditions for achieving earlier harvest in spring. Three treatments viz. cold frame, hotbed, and open were selected and replicated 30 times each. Data on germination speed, germination percentage, true leaf initiation, plant height, tendril initiation, days to first flowering, days to harvesting, length and diameter of fruit and fruit yield were recorded. Hotbed achieved earlier germination (8 days) followed by cold frames (8.57 days) and open (12.73 days) respectively with cold frame having the highest germination percentage (98%) followed by a hotbed (96%) and open (90%). True leaf initiation was earlier in a cold frame (21.5 days), followed by hot bed (22.83 days) and open (30.97 days). Transplanting of cold frame and hotbed seedlings could be performed 10 days prior to open. Final height attained was significantly maximum for cold-frame plants (97.93 cm) and minimum for a hotbed (76.19 cm) with open being indifferent (86.17 cm) to cold frame and hotbed. Days to tendril initiation, days to flowering and days to first harvest were 57.52, 66.87 and 82.93 days respectively for cold-frame which was significantly minimum compared to hotbed (64.04, 70.38 and 86.95 days) and open (65.73, 71.23, 85.58 days), both being indifferent. Significantly maximum yield was obtained from cold-frame (1465.73 g) with open yielding significantly minimum (1004.06 g) and hotbed being indifferent (1122.45 g) to cold frame and open. Cold-frames are found to be comparatively effective to hotbed and open condition with 3.12 days earlier and 35% higher yield.

Germination of the Salt-Tolerant Grass Diplachne fusca. II. Salinity Responses

1989 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 239 ◽  
Author(s):  
BA Myers ◽  
WC Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Daily Minimum Temperature ◽  
Daily Maximum Temperature ◽  
Daily Maximum ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Nacl Solution ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Similar Reduction ◽  
Threshold Temperatures

The responses -of germination of the salt-tolerant grass Diplachne fusca (L.) Beauv. to salinity and various temperature regimes are described. At temperatures of 30/20°C (12 h light and dark periods), final germination was 70% in distilled water, decreased to 50% in 175 mol m-3 NaCl (π = - 0.8 MPa) and 7% in 380 mol m-3 NaCl (π = -1.8 MPa). Increasing salinity from 0-130mol m-3 NaCl decreased the final germination percentage, but did not modify the threshold temperatures (day or night temperature > 27°C) at which germination occurred. Presoaking in distilled water or 1% CaCl2· 2H20 solution did not significantly affect the final germination percentage of seeds which were subsequently placed in solutions with a range of salinities from 0-210 mol m-3 NaCl (*#960 = 0 to - 1.0 MPa). How- ever, addition of CaCl2 to NaCl solution increased the final germination percentage compared with that in pure NaCl solution. Presoaking in concentrated (400 mol m-3) NaCl solution caused a decrease in subsequent germinability of 20 or 40% in 0 and 40 mol m-3 NaCl, respectively. Under field conditions (in soil with mean daily maximum temperature of 33°C and mean daily minimum temperature of 15°C), rates of seedling establishment were similar (16% of seed sown) in soils irrigated with 0 or 50 mol m-3 NaCl, and were 1% in those irrigated with 100 mol m-3 NaCl. The inhibition of germination in NaCl solution was largely an osmotic effect since there was a similar reduction in the final germination percentage in iso-osmotic solutions of NaCl and mannitol. However, the proportion of seeds germinating in NaCl solution was enhanced by adding calcium. The inhibition of germination was greater in sulfate solutions compared with that in chloride solutions and, to a lesser degree, in potassium compared with sodium solutions. The practical implications of our results are discussed. The incorporation of gypsum into the soil and measures to leach salts from the topsoil are recommended before D. fusca is sown on saline land.

MOISTURE AND TEMPERATURE RELATIONS OF HEARTWOOD FUNGI IN SUBALPINE SPRUCE

1957 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 935-944 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. Etheridge
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Optimum Moisture Content ◽  
Malt Agar ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Temperature Requirements ◽  
Maximum Development

The optimum moisture content for maximum development in wood was higher for butt-rotting fungi than for trunk-rotting fungi but the optimum and maximum temperature for growth on malt agar was about 5 °C. lower for the butt-rotting fungi. The fungi appeared to have the power of regulating to some extent the moisture content of the wood to a level more suitable for their development. There is evidence of a relationship between the maximum growth of the fungi on agar and their maximum development in wood. The possibility that adaptation to different host environmental conditions might explain differences in the moisture and temperature requirements of the fungi is discussed.

scholarly journals The effect of achene heteromorphism on germination in the shaggy soldier [Galinsoga ciliata (Rafin) S.F. Blake]

2012 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Kucewicz ◽  
Aneta Wardzyńska ◽  
Anna Źróbek-Sokolnik
Keyword(s):  
Growing Season ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Germination Capacity ◽  
Soil Storage ◽  
Dry Storage ◽  
Temperature Requirements ◽  
Similar Temperature ◽  
High Level ◽  
Galinsoga Ciliata ◽  
Over Time

Heteromorphic achenes are formed within each capitulum of <i>Galinsoga ciliata</i> (Rafin) S.F. Blake. We examined (1) the effects of the duration of dry storage on germination and (2) the effect of burial in soil on viability and germination of heteromorphic diaspores. Fresh harvested peripheral achenes remained dormant, while central achenes germinated at 60%. Both achene types became non-dormant after one month of dry storage. In successive months of dry storage, peripheral achenes demonstrated a higher germination percentage than central achenes. The peripheral and central achenes showed similar temperature requirements during dry storage. A similar germination pattern was observed in both achene types, with a germination peak in March (96% of peripheral achenes at 12, 26 and 34<sup>o</sup>C; 90% of central achenes at 26 and 34<sup>o</sup>C). The germination capacity deteriorated over time. After 19 months of dry storage, both achene morphs failed to germinate at 12oC. At a 26<sup>o</sup> and 34<sup>o</sup>C, the same group of achenes continued to germinate at a relatively high level. After six and seven months of soil storage, 90-95% of both achene types remained alive. Dimorphic achenes were characterized by similar germination percentage (89-99%) at all temperature intervals, whereas peripheral achenes exhumed in May were the fastest to germinate. After 18 months of storage in soil (successive growing season), most of the harvested achenes were dead. The studied achenes did not form a permanent seed bank.

scholarly journals GERMINATION OF THREE WILDFLOWER SPECIES AFTER SEED PRIMING

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1087f-1087
Author(s):  
G. B. McClure ◽  
F. J. Sundstrom ◽  
N. S. Robbins
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Optimum Concentration ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Land Restoration ◽  
Industrial Sites ◽  
Coreopsis Tinctoria ◽  
Successful Establishment ◽  
Adverse Environmental Conditions

Wildflower species are being used for highway median vegetation, land restoration programs, and revegetation of industrial sites. Rapid, uniform germination is critical to establishment of new stands Seed priming techniques may increase the potential for successful establishment under adverse environmental conditions. The influence of seed priming of Gaillardia puchella, Monarda citriodora, and Coreopsis tinctoria on germination at 10° and 25° C was investigated. Seeds of the three species were placed in five levels of oxygenated KNO3 (3.5, 3.25, 3.0, 2.75, and 2.5%) solutions, or a control of oxygenated distilled water for 144 hr. Germination percentage and rate of germination (MRG) were improved for Gaillardia and Coreopsis at 10° and 25°C. Germination percentage and MRG for Monarda were not effected by priming at 25°C, but both were significantly improved at 10°C, The optimum concentration of KNO3 for greatest rapid germination was dependent on the seed variety, These results suggest that in most cases wildflower germination percentage and rates ware improved by the priming procedure.

scholarly journals Effects of Two Salts Compounds on Mycelial Growth, Sporulation, and Spore Germination of Six Isolates ofBotrytis cinereain the Western North of Algeria

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boualem Boumaaza ◽  
Mohamed Benkhelifa ◽  
Moulay Belkhoudja
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Calcium Chloride ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Liquid Culture ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Germination Capacity ◽  
Calcium Salts ◽  
Sodium Salts ◽  
High Tunnels ◽  
Three Stages

Six isolates ofBotrytis cinereawere isolated from leaves and stems of different tomato varieties taken from four areas in the northwest of Algeria where tomato is mostly grown in greenhouses and high tunnels. The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of two salts, NaCl and CaCl2, on three stages ofBotrytis cinerea’slife cycle. All isolates tested were stimulated in 50 to 150 ppm; NaCl was the most effective treatment to increase mycelial growth at two tested concentrations. However, at 300 ppm concentration, CaCl2completely inhibited the growth of mycelium; they reach 34.78% for the isolate TR46 and 26.72% for isolate F27. The sodium and calcium salts stimulated conidia production in liquid culture. We noticed that the effect of calcium chloride on sporulation was average while sodium chloride. In the medium containing 50 ppm, calcium chloride and sodium chloride increased the germination capacity of most isolates compared with the control. Other calcium salts, at 100 or 300 ppm, decreased the germination percentage of the conidia. With the exception of sodium salts, the inhibitions of germination reduce at 150 or 300 compared with the control. Conidial germination was slightly inhibited by sodium chloride only when the concentration was over 300 ppm.

Pollen viability in Kunzea pomifera (Myrtaceae) as influenced by sucrose concentration and storage

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 553 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Page ◽  
G. M. Moore ◽  
J. Will ◽  
G. M. Halloran
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Germination ◽  
Storage Time ◽  
Sucrose Concentration ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Liquid Media ◽  
Controlled Pollination ◽  
Fresh Pollen ◽  
And Storage

In vitro germination of freshly collected pollen was examined for five genotypes of Kunzea pomifera in liquid media with 5% and 10% sucrose. There were no significant differences in germination level between the different sucrose concentrations for each of the genotypes. Pollen-germination levels were significantly different among genotypes, ranging from 7 to 89%. Pollen of one genotype, stored for 12 months at 4°C and 10% relative humidity, was evaluated for germination at intervals over this period, and while significant differences in the levels of pollen germination after different storage periods were found, there was no correlation between germination percentage and storage time. Pollen of the K. pomifera accession Kmt1 stored under such conditions for 370 days was used in controlled pollination with accession Kmt2, resulting in 3.4 seeds per fruit, which was significantly fewer than the 17.2 seeds per fruit when using fresh pollen.

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