scholarly journals Nutrient and metal concentrations in Nepenthes macfarlanei Hemsl. (Nepenthaceae) from a Malaysian montane forest

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 10976
Author(s):  
Francis Q. BREARLEY
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Limitation ◽  
N:P Ratio ◽  
Montane Forest ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Carnivorous Plants ◽  
Foliar Nutrients ◽  
Metal Concentrations ◽  
Foliar N ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Foliar N Concentration

Palaeotropical pitcher plants (Nepenthes) are a fascinating evolutionary case but their nutrient relationships are poorly known. To determine nutrient and metal concentrations in Nepenthes macfarlanei from Peninsular Malaysia, and contribute to our understanding of nutrient relationships in this genus, plants were sampled from the Genting Highlands – a disturbed montane forest location. Whilst many foliar nutrients showed typical concentrations, the foliar N concentration was, surprisingly, greater than most lowland species although the N:P ratio (c. 24) indicated nitrogen limitation in line with other studies on Nepenthes.  Of particular note was the variable but high (< 240 µg g-1) lead concentrations that have not been reported in carnivorous plants before. This data adds to our understanding of the nutrient relationships of carnivorous plants and shows that they may accumulate high concentrations of certain metals.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Trace Metal Levels in Tissues of Two Commercial Fish Species in Kapar and Mersing Coastal Waters, Peninsular Malaysia

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fathi Alhashmi Bashir ◽  
Mohammad Shuhaimi-Othman ◽  
A. G. Mazlan
Keyword(s):  
Trace Metal ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Metal Concentrations ◽  
Commercial Fish ◽  
Metal Levels ◽  
The Relationship

This study is focused on evaluating the trace metal levels in water and tissues of two commercial fish species Arius thalassinus and Pennahia anea that were collected from Kapar and Mersing coastal waters. The concentrations of Fe, Zn, Al, As, Cd and Pb in these coastal waters and muscle, liver and gills tissues of the fishes were quantified. The relationship among the metal concentrations and the height and weight of the two species were also examined. Generally, the iron has the highest concentrations in both water and the fish species. However, Cd in both coastal waters showed high levels exceeding the international standards. The metal level concentration in the sample fishes are in the descending order livers > gills > muscles. A positive association between the trace metal concentrations and weight and length of the sample fishes was investigated. Fortunately the level of these metal concentrations in fish has not exceeded the permitted level of Malaysian and international standards.

Growth and N status of Populus in mixture with red alder on recent volcanic mudflow from Mount Saint Helens

1990 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul E. Heilman
Keyword(s):  
Late Summer ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilization ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Red Alder ◽  
Total N ◽  
Foliar N ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Foliar N Concentration

Eleven months after the May 1980 eruption of Mount Saint Helens in southeastern Washington, United States, three Populus clones were planted in an experiment on the Toutle River mudflow deposit. The trees grew at an abnormally slow rate and by 3 years were overtopped by a dense stand (14 600 ± 3600 trees/ha) of red alder seeded naturally onto the site. Over the 6-year period of the study, the total N content of the soil increased an average of 56 kg•ha−1•year−1•. Foliar N concentration in Populus increased significantly from a mean late summer – early autumn value in the 2nd year (1982) of 0.69% N to a value of 2.06% N at the end of the seventh growing season. The mean annual height growth of the largest Populus averaged <0.5 m/year in the first 3 years, increasing to an average of over 1.0 m/year in the 5th and 6th years. Fertilizer treatments with N (as urea) and N + P (as urea plus treble superphosphate) placed in the soil near the individual Populus at a maximum rate of 5.3 g N/tree increased height growth in the year of fertilization (1982) and the following year (the response in height growth for the 2 years totaled 64%). After 1984, no significant effects of fertilizer on height growth, total height, or diameter were evident. Nitrogen fertilization significantly increased foliar N concentration (1.54% N with the highest N treatment vs. 0.69% N in the control) in the year of treatment only. Phosphorus fertilization had no significant effect on growth or foliar P concentration. At 6 years, only 2% of the Populustrichocarpa Torr. & Gray clone and 13% of the tallest Populus hybrid were equal to or above the mean height of alder dominants and codominants (6.2 m). Additionally, the diameter growth of Populus was severely limited: the trees had only 8% of the cross-sectional area of "normal" trees for their height. Results indicated that on sites of low N such as the mudflow, Populus may not compete satisfactorily in mixture with alder. Such behavior is in sharp contrast to sites of high N, where red alder cannot compete with Populus.

A New Orchid Species of Dendrobium Sect. Calcarifera from Terengganu, Peninsular Malaysia (Orchidaceae: Dendrobiinae)

Phytotaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 383 (2) ◽  
pp. 213
Author(s):  
EDWARD ENTALAI BESI ◽  
DOME NIKONG ◽  
MUSKHAZLI MUSTAFA ◽  
RUSEA GO
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Montane Forest ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Orchid Species ◽  
Summit Region ◽  
A New Species

Dendrobium mizanii, a new species to science belonging to Dendrobium Sect. Calcarifera was discovered in a summit region of a disturbed montane forest in Setiu, Terengganu, and named after His Majesty Sultan of Terengganu, Tuanku Mizan Zainal Abidin. A description, illustration, field and comparison with the closely related species D. crocatum from Peninsular Malaysia and D. doloissumbinii from Borneo are provided here.

scholarly journals Codonoboea (Gesneriaceae) in Terengganu, Peninsular Malaysia, including three new species

PhytoKeys ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 131 ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
Ruth Kiew ◽  
Chung-Lu Lim
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Rain Forest ◽  
Montane Forest ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
The State ◽  
Mountainous Areas ◽  
Lowland Rain Forest ◽  
Botanical Exploration ◽  
Three New Species

Of the 92 Codonoboea species that occur in Peninsular Malaysia, 20 are recorded from the state of Terengganu, of which 9 are endemic to Terengganu including three new species, C. norakhirrudiniana Kiew, C. rheophytica Kiew and C. sallehuddiniana C.L.Lim, that are here described and illustrated. A key and checklist to all the Terengganu species are provided. The majority of species grow in lowland rain forest, amongst which C. densifolia and C. rheophytica are rheophytic. Only four grow in montane forest. The flora of Terengganu is still incompletely known, especially in the northern part of the state and in mountainous areas and so, with botanical exploration, more new species can be expected in this speciose genus.

Concentrations and speciation of lead, zinc and cadmium in seawater-like smelter effluent and adjacent marine environments, Port Pirie, South Australia

1983 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 375 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Ferguson
Keyword(s):  
South Australia ◽  
Tidal Channel ◽  
Significant Extent ◽  
Dissolved Metals ◽  
Metal Concentrations ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Unicellular Algae ◽  
Particulate Metal ◽  
Lead Zinc ◽  
High Concentrations

High concentrations of particulate and dissolved lead, zinc and cadmium (total dissolved Pb, 750�g l-1; Zn, 4300�g 1-1; Cd, 64 �g l-1; particulate Pb, 236 �g l-1; Zn, 64 �g l-1; Cd, < 1 �g l-1) occur in seawater- like effluent from a lead-zinc smelting complex at Port Pirie. This effluent is discharged through a silled tidal channel into the offshore marine environment, where dilution by seawater eventually reduces the metal concentrations to values similar to those in near-surface seawater in Spencer Gulf, remote from centres of industrial activity (average total dissolved Pb, 0 4 �g 1-1; Zn, < 10 μg l-1; Cd, 0 3 �g l-1; average particulate Pb, <0.05 �g l-1; Zn, 0 21 �g I-1). Precipitation of dissolved metals or conversion of originally weakly complexed dissolved metals to more strongly complexed species does not occur to a significant extent. Particulate metal concentrations are influenced by resuspension of metal-rich sediments and by uptake of dissolved cadmium by unicellular algae that grow in the tidal channel.

Changes in Cu, Ni, and Zn availability following simulated conversion of biosolids-amended forest soils back to agricultural use

Soil Research ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 286 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. McLaren ◽  
A. Black ◽  
L. M. Clucas
Keyword(s):  
Soil Solution ◽  
Forest Soils ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Forest Litter ◽  
Metal Availability ◽  
Metal Concentrations ◽  
Organic Complexes ◽  
Agricultural Use ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Wheat Germination

In this study we examined the bioavailability and chemistry of Cu, Ni, and Zn in metal-spiked, biosolids-amended forest (Pinus radiata) soils that had undergone a simulated conversion back to agricultural use. Mixing of the biosolids-treated forest litter into the underlying mineral soil resulted in high concentrations of each metal in easily extractable and soil solution forms. There was also very little change in these concentrations during a subsequent 2-year incubation period of the samples. Chemical speciation of the soil solutions using WHAM 6 showed that Cu was dominated by organic complexes, whereas most Ni and Zn was present as Ni2+ and Zn2+, with generally <5% of these elements present as organic complexes. Addition of lime to the soils substantially decreased both readily extractable and soil solution metal concentrations. However, even in their unlimed state, although plant metal concentrations were increased by the original biosolids treatments, there were no adverse effects due to the metals on plant growth as determined in a wheat germination and seedling growth test. In this study, the DGT technique showed considerable promise for assessing metal availability to plants. However, the study suggests that conversion of biosolids-treated forest soils back for agricultural use is unlikely to result in any substantial problems related to the metal loadings built up in the forest litter layer.

scholarly journals Fall-Applied Nitrogen Improves Performance of 1-0 Slash Pine Nursery Seedlings after Outplanting

1998 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kris M. Irwin ◽  
Mary L. Duryea ◽  
Earl L. Stone
Keyword(s):  
Field Performance ◽  
Pinus Elliottii ◽  
Slash Pine ◽  
First Year ◽  
North Central ◽  
Central Florida ◽  
Foliar N ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Foliar N Concentration

Abstract This study examined the effects of supplemental nitrogen (N) applied to slash pine (Pinus elliottii var. elliottii [Engelm.]) seedlings in a north central Florida nursery. Treatments were applied during a 4 wk period during November and December, 1989, as follows: control (no fall fertilization—current nursery practice); low N (one application of NH4NO3 at 57 kg N/ha); and high N (three applications at the same rate). At time of lifting and outplanting, there were no significant morphological differences among the treatments, but foliar N concentration increased significantly in accord with treatment. Field performance was evaluated at five site-prepared locations. First-year survival of high N and low N treatments were 15 and 12% greater, respectively, than unfertilized seedlings. First-year heights of the high and low N treatments were 15 and 7% greater, respectively, than the control. South. J. Appl. For. 22(2):111-116.

Variation in foliar nitrogen and aboveground net primary production in young postfire lodgepole pine

2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 1024-1035 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica G. Turner ◽  
Erica A.H. Smithwick ◽  
Daniel B. Tinker ◽  
William H. Romme
Keyword(s):  
Primary Production ◽  
Net Primary Production ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Tree Density ◽  
Aboveground Net Primary Production ◽  
Foliar Nitrogen ◽  
Net Production ◽  
Foliar N ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
Foliar N Concentration

Understanding nutrient dynamics of young postfire forests may yield important insights about how stands develop following stand-replacing wildfires. We studied 15-year-old lodgepole pine stands that regenerated naturally following the 1988 Yellowstone fires to address two questions: (1) How do foliar nitrogen (N) concentration and total foliar N vary with lodgepole pine density and aboveground net primary production? (2) Is foliar N related to litter production and to rates of gross production, consumption, and net production of soil NH4+ and NO3–? Foliar N concentration of new lodgepole pine needles averaged 1.38%; only stands at very high density (>80 000 trees·ha–1) approached moderate N limitation. Foliar N concentration in composite (all-age) needles averaged 1.08%, varied among stands (0.87%–1.39%), and declined with increasing tree density. The foliar N pool averaged 48.3 kg N·ha–1, varied among stands (3.6–218.4 kg N·ha–1), and increased with aboveground net primary production. Total foliar N was not related to laboratory estimates of net production of NH4+ or NO3– in soils. Lodgepole pine foliage is a strong N sink, and N does not appear to be limiting at this early successional state. The initial spatial patterns of postfire tree density strongly influence landscape patterns of N storage.

Site preparation burning to improve southern Appalachian pine–hardwood stands: photosynthesis, water relations, and growth of planted Pinusstrobus during establishment

1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 2278-2285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine J. Elliott ◽  
James M. Vose
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Photosynthetic Capacity ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Southern Appalachians ◽  
Xylem Water Potential ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Foliar N ◽  
Southern Appalachian ◽  
Foliar N Concentration

We examined the physiological performance and growth of Pinusstrobus L. seedlings the first growing season after planting on two clear-cut and burned sites in the southern Appalachians. Growth of the seedlings was related to physiological measurements (net photosynthesis (PN), transpiration, leaf conductance, and xylem water potential), soil water, foliar N, seedling temperature, and light environment using regression analysis. Diameter growth increased with increasing foliar N concentration and decreased as competitor biomass increased. Competition reduced growth by lowering foliar N, shading seedlings, and possibly reducing photosynthetic capacity. Increased temperature and lower available soil water may obscure these relationships on a harsh site.

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