scholarly journals Effect of Nitrogen Nutritional Stress on some Mineral Nutrients and Photosynthetic Apparatus of Zea mays L. and Vigna unguiculata L.

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 376-382
Author(s):  
Akinbode Foluso OLOGUNDUDU ◽  
Adelusi Ajayi ADELUSI
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Nutritional Stress ◽  
Magnesium Ion ◽  
Photosynthetic Parameters ◽  
Chlorophylls A And B

The study investigated the responses of maize (Zea mays L.) and cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) seedlings metabolic activities and photosynthetic apparatus to nitrogen nutritional stress. Germination of seeds was done using treated sand in sixty plastic pots and the seedlings were divided into four nutrient regimes. A group of the seedlings was nutrient stressed by administering 200 ml of complete nutrient solution minus nitrogen (-N) while the other groups were fed with five times (X5N) and ten times (X10N) the optimal concentration of nitrogen and the last regime was fed with full nutrient solution (FN). The photosynthetic parameters studied included chlorophylls ‘a’ and ‘b’ respectively; carotenes and xanthophyll while the mineral elements investigated include potassium, calcium and magnesium. The result of the growth analysis showed that nitrogen deficiency promotes an increase in the content of abscisic acid (ABA), causing stomatal closure and a reduction in photosynthesis. This explains the higher rate of leaf abscission in -N plants. A comparison of calcium ion and magnesium ion concentrations in both optimal and stressed conditions reveals that the two ions show antagonism in uptake. There is a correlation between nitrogen and magnesium accumulation as magnesium ion plays a vital role in chlorophyll biosynthesis, protein synthesis and photosynthesis. The pattern of accumulation of photosynthetic apparatus in both maize and cowpea follow a similar pattern. Chlorophyll a dictated the growth pattern of other photosynthetic apparatus in both Zea mays and Vigna unguiculata.

scholarly journals Effect of Nitrogen Nutritional Stress on Some Growth Parameters of Zea mays L. and Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akinbode Foluso OLOGUNDUDU ◽  
Adekunle ADELUSI
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nutritional Stress ◽  
Optimal Concentration ◽  
Shoot Height

This study investigated the responses of maize (Zea mays L.) and cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) seedlings growth parameters to nitrogen nutritional stress. This was with a view to determining whether nitrogen nutritional stress would retard or enhance maize and cowpea growth, partly, wholly or not at all through its effect on biomass accumulation and some morphological parameters. Germination of seeds was done using treated sand in sixty plastic pots. A group of the seedlings was nutrient stressed by administering 200 ml of complete nutrient solution minus nitrogen (-N) while the other groups were fed with five times (X5N) and ten times (X10N) the optimal concentration of nitrogen and the last regime was fed with full nutrient solution (FN). The effects of optimal concentration and nitrogen stress on the growth rates (as measured by their fresh and dry weight) were studied. The result of the growth analysis showed that there was increase in shoot height with supraoptimal concentrations of nitrogen treatments (X10N and X5N) while there was a decrease in shoot height with minus nitrogen (-N) regimes. The observed higher biomass (dry matter yield) under the FN regimes in both Zea mays and Vigna unguiculata were attributed to optimal nutrient assimilation rate.

scholarly journals Phytotoxic Effect of Tithonia rotundifolia (Miller) S.F.Blake on Chlorophyll and Protein Contents of Vigna unguiculata L. and Zea mays L.

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Ilori Olasupo John ◽  
Olutobi Oluwafunmilayo Otusanya
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Potted Plants ◽  
Phytotoxic Effect ◽  
Biochemical Analyses ◽  
Germination And Growth ◽  
Range Test

A large number of plants impose inhibitory effects on the germination and growth of neighbouring or successional plants by releasing allelochemicals into the soil. This study investigated the phytotoxic effects of Tithonia rotundifolia (Miller) S.F.Blake on the chlorophyll and protein contents of Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walpers and Zea mays L.. This was with a view to determining the susceptibility of these crops to allelochemicals in the extracts prepared from T. rotundifolia. Seeds of the test plants were sown in pots filled with top humus soil. At two weeks, seedlings in each pot were thinned down to 10 seedlings per pot. Potted plants of the test crops were supplied with 400 ml of the appropriate water extracts while the control potted plants were supplied with 400 ml of water. Biochemical analyses were carried out according to standard methods. The data obtained were analysed by (ANOVA) to determine significant (P< 0.05) effects. The means were compared using Duncan Multiple Range Test. The chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll and protein contents in V. unguiculata and Z. mays and were significantly inhibited by the extract from T. rotundifolia. The inhibitory effects of these allelochemicals increased with concentration. The phytotoxic effect of T. rotundifolia was species dependent. It was concluded that the extract contains water-soluble allelochemicals which inhibited the biochemical parameters of the test crops. T. rotundifolia should be controlled where it grows in association with cultivated crops.

scholarly journals Changes in Chlorophyll and Protein Contents of Vigna unguiculata, Glycine max, Zea mays and Sorghum bicolor Raised in Soil Incorporated with the Shoots of Tithonia rotundifolia

2020 ◽  
pp. 33-39
Author(s):  
O. J. Ilori ◽  
O. O. Otusanya
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Protein Accumulation ◽  
Total Chlorophyll ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L

Tithonia. rotundifolia is an allelopathic weed that grows in association with cultivated crops in Nigeria. Allelopathy is a phenomenon of plant releasing allelochemicals into the environment that can inhibit or stimulate the growth of other plants and microorganisms. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of soil incorporated with the fresh shoots of T. rotundifolia on chlorophyll and protein accumulation of Vigna unguiculata L. Glycine max L., Zea mays L. and Sorghum bicolor L.  250 g of fresh shoots of T. rotundifolia were worked into each plot of 2 m2 dimension and the test crops were sown in the plots. Plots with no T. rotundifolia shoots were included as control plots. The experiment was performed in completely randomized block design (CRBD). The parameters measured were chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b total chlorophyll and protein content. The results showed a stimulation in chlorophyll contents in the test crops except inhibition in chl b and total chlorophyll in Zea mays L. Also, there was a stimulation of protein in Zea mays L. and Sorghum bicolor L. The study suggests that incorporation of shoots of Tithonia rotundifolia could imparts stimulatory allelopathic effects.

scholarly journals TIPOLOGIAS DE PRODUTORES E COMPONENTES DOS SISTEMAS DE PRODUÇÃO IDENTIFICADOS NA COMUNIDADE AÇAIZAL, MONTE ALEGRE, PARÁ

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 316
Author(s):  
Sandy Santos da Fonseca ◽  
Roberta Rowsy Amorim de Castro
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽  
Oriza Sativa

Este artigo objetivou identificar e caracterizar as tipologias de produtores e os componentes dos sistemas de produção desenvolvidos nas unidades produtivas da Comunidade Açaizal, localizada no município de Monte Alegre, estado do Pará. Trabalhou-se com um universo amostral de 33 famílias, deste participaram do estudo 21 famílias. Para o levantamento da diversidade de tipologias utilizou-se de formulário semiestruturado. Identificou-se seis (6) tipos de unidades de produção, sendo cinco (5) familiares e uma patronal, algumas destas subdivididas em tipos específicos. Nas unidades familiares predomina a mão de obra familiar, a pequena propriedade e a diversificação de sistemas de produção conforme o tamanho dos lotes. Os sistemas de produção operados por essas famílias são de cultivos de ciclo curto como milho (Zea mays L.), feijão caupi (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.), arroz (Oriza sativa), mandioca (Manihot esculenta Crantz.) e perenes como pastagens, sistemas de criação de animais como bovinos, aves e suínos e sistema extrativista representado pelas áreas de mata primária e mata ciliar. Com relação às unidades patronais, predomina a criação extensiva de bovinos de corte, mão de obra contratada e mecanização do solo na formação de pastagens. O trabalho aponta para a elaboração de estratégias de acordo com as especificidades das tipologias identificadas, visando à perpetuação das atividades, a reprodução social, melhoria das técnicas de cultivos, criações e manejo do solo.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Agricultura Familiar, Sistema de Produção, Unidade Produtiva.

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