scholarly journals Development of nanosized catalysts for processing synthesis gas to methanol

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana Chekushina ◽  
Zhang Lianzi ◽  
Kirill Vorobyev
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Synthesis Gas ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Chemical Waste ◽  
Reaction Conversion ◽  
Nanosized Catalysts ◽  
Composition Structure ◽  
New Compounds

Conversion of carbon dioxide into chemical waste-free feedstock (carbonates, cyclocarbonates, synthesis gas) requires the use of a two-stage reaction (conversion of carbon monoxide under pressure, followed by purification of the converted gas from carbon dioxide with hot potash or monoethanolamine and removal of residual carbon oxides by catalytic hydrogenation) of the reaction. The main problem with this transformation is that, for energetic reasons, these reactions are difficult to coordinate with each other. To ensure the compatibility of the processes from a thermodynamic point of view, appropriate nanocatalysts are needed to obtain a useful product in the course of the reactions. The authors carried out field tests of various catalysts, discovered the compatibility of the reaction with two catalysts with the required properties: a copper compound for the first stage of the reaction and a compound of zinc oxide for the second stage, and also demonstrated the feasibility of this reaction using phenylethylene contained in a hydrocarbon compound. The numerous processes that can be used to produce methanol can be divided into three categories: indirect, direct, and biofuel. Indirect conversion is widespread throughout the world. This conversion takes place in a process in which biomass, coal or natural gas is converted to a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide known as synthesis gas. The syngas is converted to methanol using a variety of conversion methods. Research on the development and improvement of nanocatalysts for the chemical processing of carbon dioxide into methanol has been carried out. An algorithm has been developed for modeling the composition, structure, and properties of nanocatalysts, and a number of new compounds have been synthesized that are capable of retaining cations with different oxidation states and sizes in the crystal lattice. Work has been carried out to improve nanocatalysts based on nickel for deep methanol hydrotreating.

Steam Methane Reforming of Natural Gas with Substantial Carbon Dioxide Contents – Process Optimization for Gas-to-Liquid Applications

2014 ◽  
Vol 548-549 ◽  
pp. 316-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wahab Maqbool ◽  
Sang Jin Park ◽  
Euy Soo Lee
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Synthesis Gas ◽  
Methane Reforming ◽  
Fischer Tropsch ◽  
Simulation And Optimization ◽  
Steam Methane Reforming ◽  
Steam Methane ◽  
Gas To Liquid

Steam methane reforming has been a conventional process to produce synthesis gas which is an important feedstock to many chemicals. However, for gas to liquid (GTL) applications this reforming process is not suitable as it produces synthesis gas with very high hydrogen to carbon monoxide ratio than required by the Fischer Tropsch synthesis in GTL line. In this work, a GTL process is designed in which synthesis gas is produced by steam reforming from a natural gas feedstock containing relatively substantial carbon dioxide contents in it. Synthesis gas composition is tailored by tail gas recycling from the Fischer Tropsch products. Process simulation and optimization is performed on Aspen HYSYS to produce synthesis gas with hydrogen to carbon monoxide ratio of 2 which is desired in GTL technology.

CFD Study on Syngas Dispersion for Biomass Process Industry

2014 ◽  
Vol 625 ◽  
pp. 410-413
Author(s):  
Noor Ain Ab Kadir ◽  
Risza Rusli ◽  
Noor Azurah Zaina Abidin
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Synthesis Gas ◽  
Process Industry ◽  
Dense Gas ◽  
Sulphur Compounds ◽  
Gas Dispersion ◽  
Accidental Release

Synthesis gas (syngas) refers to a mixture primarily of hydrogen (H2) and carbon monoxide (CO) which may also contain significant but lower concentrations of methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) as well as smaller amounts of impurities such as chlorides, sulphur compounds, and heavier hydrocarbons. Available syngas dispersion study found in literatures mostly focused on pure gas dispersion specifically H2 compared to the syngas mixture. It has been reported in most literatures that available commercial tools tend to give an overestimated results for these types of gas since it is more suitable for dense gas rather than the light gas. Therefore, the current study aim to investigate potential dispersion and evaluate the flammability of syngas release from biomass processes using CFD-FLUENT. Results of the mixture simulation is compared with the results obtain from simulation of pure H2 release. When all components in syngas were release together, competition to gain oxygen increased resulting in lesser mixing of syngas-oxygen and increasing the concentration of the syngas mixture. As a result, H2 in syngas concentration is higher compared to pure H2 when accidental release from biomass process.

An overview on dry reforming of methane: strategies to reduce carbonaceous deactivation of catalysts

RSC Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (110) ◽  
pp. 108668-108688 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shalini Arora ◽  
R. Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Synthesis Gas ◽  
Dry Reforming ◽  
Dry Reforming Of Methane ◽  
Catalytic Reforming

Catalytic reforming of methane (CH4) with carbon dioxide (CO2), known as dry reforming of methane (DRM), produces synthesis gas, which is a mixture of hydrogen (H2) and carbon monoxide (CO).

scholarly journals It’s Our Fault: A Global Comparison of Different Ways of Explaining Climate Change

Human Ecology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Schnegg ◽  
Coral Iris O’Brian ◽  
Inga Janina Sievert
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Local Knowledge ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Global Comparison ◽  
Local Phenomenon ◽  
World Regions ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Specific Factors

AbstractInternational surveys suggest people increasingly agree the climate is changing and humans are the cause. One reading of this is that people have adopted the scientific point of view. Based on a sample of 28 ethnographic cases we argue that this conclusion might be premature. Communities merge scientific explanations with local knowledge in hybrid ways. This is possible because both discourses blame humans as the cause of the changes they observe. However, the specific factors or agents blamed differ in each case. Whereas scientists identify carbon dioxide producers in particular world regions, indigenous communities often blame themselves, since, in many lay ontologies, the weather is typically perceived as a local phenomenon, which rewards and punishes people for their actions. Thus, while survey results show approval of the scientific view, this agreement is often understood differently and leads to diverging ways of allocating meaning about humans and the weather.

scholarly journals Controlled atmosphere GMAW welding of transportation vehicles and production machines parts made from 30MnB5 steel

2018 ◽  
Vol 216 ◽  
pp. 03001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evgeny Ivanayskiy ◽  
Aleksei Ishkov ◽  
Aleksandr Ivanayskiy ◽  
Iakov Ochakovskii
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Controlled Atmosphere ◽  
Shielding Gas ◽  
Reducing Atmosphere ◽  
Metal Composition ◽  
Gmaw Welding ◽  
Welding Materials

The paper studies the influence of shielding gas on the composition and the structure of weld joint metal of 30MnB5 steel applied in essential parts of automobiles and tractors. The welding was performed in inert, oxidizing and reducing atmospheres. It was established that TIG welding with argon used as shielding gas did not provide the required mechanical properties when using conventional welding materials. Carbon dioxide during MAG welding caused partial burning of alloying elements. Carbon monoxide used as shielding gas was proved to form reducing atmosphere enabling to obtain chemical composition close to the base metal composition. Metallographic examinations were carried out. The obtained results provided full-strength weld, as well as the required reliability and durability of welded components and joints.

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