scholarly journals Morphology and anatomy of the diaspores and seedling of Paspalum (Poaceae, Poales)

2013 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 1389-1396
Author(s):  
MAYRA T. EICHEMBERG ◽  
VERA L. SCATENA
Keyword(s):  
Biodiversity Conservation ◽  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Growth Forms ◽  
Paspalum Dilatatum ◽  
The Family ◽  
Grassland Biodiversity

ABSTRACT The knowledge regarding of the diaspore and post-seminal development of Paspalum L. is important for grassland biodiversity conservation, based on their representativeness and genetic improvement of forage. The morphology of the diaspore and the post-seminal development of Paspalum dilatatum Poir. (rhizomatous), P. mandiocanum Trin. var. subaequiglume Barreto (stoloniferous), P. pumilum Nees. (decumbent caespitose) and P. urvillei Steud. (erect caespitose) was described to distinguish species with different growth forms and to survey the characters useful for taxonomy. P. dilatatum differs by presenting oval diaspores larger than the others, with five prominent nerves and trichomes; P. urvillei presents diaspores with one central nerve that is more developed than the two lateral nerves and trichomes; P. mandiocanum var. subaequiglume presents diaspores with trichomes only in the margin; and P. pumilum differs by presenting glabrous diaspores. The caryopsis involves the seed that presents the differentiated embryo and disposed laterally, an elliptical hilum in all of the studied species and a rostellum in P. dilatatum and P. mandiocanum var. subaequiglume. The post-seminal development is similar in the four species and begins with germination that is marked by the emergence of the coleorhiza, followed by the coleoptile. These characteristics are common to other Poaceae previously studied, indicating a pattern to the family and do not distinguish the growth forms.

scholarly journals Breeding strategy in small and closed livestock populations

2007 ◽  
Vol 23 (5-6-1) ◽  
pp. 269-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Bogdanovic ◽  
R. Djedovic ◽  
P. Perisic ◽  
M.M. Petrovic
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Breeding Strategy ◽  
Effective Size ◽  
Small Populations ◽  
Female Head ◽  
Animal Genetic Resources ◽  
Marginal Areas ◽  
The Family ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Commercial Breeding

This paper reviews the main characteristics of small and/or closed livestock populations. Although the emphasis during the realization of the genetic improvement in animal breeding is put on commercial breeding programmes, autochthonous breeds, races, strains, even herds of domestic animas, at the same time represent a potentially important segment for achieving the maintenance of the overall livestock production. These programmes are particularly important for the improvement of populations of animal genetic resources, as well as for the improvement of production in rural marginal areas. One of the main parameters for determining the size, and also the potential danger of a population is a so called effective size of the population (Ne). This parameter is determined according to the available number of male and female head of breeding stock in the population or in the herd and it varies under the influence of the sexes, changes in the size of the families, changes in the size of the population during time, as well as overlapping of the generations. Apart from the improvement of the economically important traits, the breeding programmes in small populations first of all must provide the increase of the effective size of the population aiming to limit or decrease the inbreeding, as well as the decrease of the variance in the size of the family. This is mainly achieved with so called "circular breeding plans" the sires being replaced by sons in the reproduction, and dams by daughters. The shortage of the generation interval by the change of the presence of some age categories i.e. larger number of young animals and animals that are at the peak of production comparing to a small number of older animals, can additionally influence on the genetic improvement of the traits.

Interaction of ecology, taxonomy and distribution in some Mesembryanthemaceae

Bothalia ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 14 (3/4) ◽  
pp. 653-659 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. E. K. Hartmann
Keyword(s):  
Plant Communities ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
The Other ◽  
Distribution Data ◽  
Precipitation Data ◽  
Strong Correlations ◽  
Growth Forms ◽  
Structural Pattern ◽  
Arid Conditions ◽  
The Family

Many taxa of the family Mesembryanthemaceae show close correlations between distribution and environmental factors, e.g. occurrence on limestone or quartzite only, but few cases have been studied in detail. Recent investigations in anatomy, morphology, life cycles, physiology, and in energetic properties indicate that fundamentally different patterns are developed in adaptation to arid conditions, even in reaction to identical edaphic and climatic factors.On the other hand, little is known about the immediate influence of changes in the natural environment. Studies in populations of the subgenus Cephalophyllum of the genus  Cephalophyllum N.E. Br. show strong correlations between precipitation data and habit, which can superimpose genetic dispositions. In addition, growth forms are well adapted to certain types of plant communities, so that superficially, a diffuse structural pattern results.Long term studies, in the field and in the greenhouse, of growth forms in relation to time, to precipitation, and to associations, allow first suggestions for adaptive pathways in the evolution of the group, and the results form a basis for taxonomic decisions in this highly confused taxon. Finally, the example offers aspects for the better understanding of interaction between ecology and distribution data.

The Pressures and Countermeasures of Grassland Biodiversity Conservation in Northern China

2014 ◽  
Vol 955-959 ◽  
pp. 3696-3700
Author(s):  
Zhi Rong Zheng ◽  
Chao Yang Feng ◽  
Sheng Xing Ye ◽  
Zhao Yan Diao ◽  
Shi Hai Lv
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Biodiversity Conservation ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Grassland Ecosystem ◽  
Resource Exploitation ◽  
Rapid Population Growth ◽  
Ecological Compensation ◽  
Grassland Biodiversity

In this study, we sought to analyze the pressures of the grassland ecosystem in China and explore practical countermeasures to protect grassland biodiversity. The prominent ecological problems in grassland biodiversity conservation included rapid population growth, economic development, resource exploitation and global climate change, among which human interferences strongly influenced the grassland ecosystem. Rapid population growth and economic development still severely restricted biodiversity conservation, but coal resource exploitation gradually developed a new serious pressure for grassland biodiversity. In addition, climate change further aggravated biodiversity loss. According to these pressures, we proposed several practical countermeasures such as readjusting the industrial structure, and relieving the pressures of grassland, and conducting near-natural restoration as well as carrying out ecological compensation. This study will provide the scientific reference for manager and policy-makers of grassland biodiversity conservation.

scholarly journals The zoological yearbook Selevinia: an overview

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (19) ◽  
pp. 157-160
Author(s):  
Anatoliy Kovshar ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Biodiversity Conservation ◽  
English Summary ◽  
Animal Behaviour ◽  
Snow Leopard ◽  
Lynx Lynx ◽  
Panthera Pardus ◽  
The Family ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Central Scientific

Since 1993, the first zoological journal Selevinia has been launched in Almaty. Selevinia publishes articles in various branches of zoology, including taxonomy, fauna, parasitology, and many others. The articles published in the journal contain information on the fauna of Kazakhstan and neighbouring countries. Articles on the fauna, as well as on ecology and animal behaviour predominate. In total, 963 scientific works (495 articles, 155 short reports, and 313 notes) were published in the first 20 volumes of the journal (1993–2013), including 132 theriological articles. A bibliographic review of theriological articles is given, in particular about the composition of fauna (3) and on several species of different systematic groups, e.g. rodents and bats (5), ungulates (5), and carnivorans (16). Among the latter, articles on representatives of the family Felidae predominate, such as on the Turkestan lynx (Lynx lynx isabellinus), the caracal (Lynx caracal), the African wildcat (Felis lybica), the snow leopard (Uncia uncia), and the leopard (Panthera pardus). All issues of the journal are freely available online. According to the interlibrary exchange, the journal reaches 63 libraries in 35 countries. Some articles are published in English, the rest having English summary that facilitates access by foreign readers to scientific articles published in the journal. Selevinia issues for 2012-2019 are posted electronically with full access to texts on several websites, including the websites of the Institute of Zoology of Kazakhstan, the Central Scientific Library of the Academy of Sciences of Kazakhstan, and the Kazakhstan Association for Biodiversity Conservation.

scholarly journals Biodiversity conservation in Botanical Gardens: collection of Cycadales Pers. ex Bercht. & J. Presl representatives in the greenhouses of the Peter the Great Botanical Garden (BIN RAS)

2021 ◽  
pp. 10-14
Author(s):  
E.M. Arnautova ◽  
◽  
M.A. Yaroslavtseva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Biodiversity Conservation ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Growth Forms ◽  
Botanical Gardens ◽  
Peter The Great

The role of Botanical Gardens in biodiversity conservation is considered. The analysis of the greenhouse collection of Cycadales representatives is carried out. Both the general characteristics of this group of plants (distribution, growth forms, reproduction, taxonomy) and the characteristics of the families and genera Cycadales presented in the collection of the Peter the Great Botanical Garden are given. In the greenhouses, 47 species of Cycadales belonging to 9 genera are grown, all species have a conservation status: CR - 7 species, EN - 10 species, VU - 6 species, NT - 16 species, LC - 8 species.

Remarkable cases of parallel evolution of the placodioid thallus growth form in the Lecanographaceae (Arthoniales) with the description of a new species of Alyxoria from Mexico

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 415-424
Author(s):  
Damien Ertz ◽  
Alejandro Huereca ◽  
Sergio Manuel Salcedo-Martínez ◽  
Anders Tehler
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Growth Form ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Parallel Evolution ◽  
Systematic Position ◽  
Growth Forms ◽  
The Family ◽  
Lichenized Fungus ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Lichen Growth

AbstractThe new species Alyxoria sierramadrensis is described from Mexico where it inhabits limestone rocks. The lichen developing from this fungus is characterized by a placodioid to subfoliose thallus with a white pruinose surface; rounded to shortly elongated ascomata with a black epruinose margin and a widely exposed, white pruinose hymenial disc; hyaline, 3-septate ascospores, 17–25 × 7–9 μm; the presence of anthraquinones rendering the medulla orange. Phylogenetic analyses of nuLSU, mtSSU and RPB2 sequences place this species in the genus Alyxoria (Lecanographaceae). This generic affiliation is surprising because all known Alyxoria species have a crustose thallus. Lecanographaceae mainly includes species without a thallus (lichenicolous taxa) or with a thin crustose thallus, the only exception being Simonyella variegata with a fruticose thallus. The new species belongs to the Alyxoria ochrocheila subgroup, which includes lichens also frequently known to have anthraquinones, white pruinose hymenial discs and 3-septate ascospores. Phylogenetic analyses further determined the systematic position of the monotypic genus Phoebus. This genus, considered as an Arthoniales of uncertain family affiliation, is shown to belong to the Lecanographaceae. With its placodioid thallus, it is another example of a lichenized fungus with a deviating morphology in thallus structure for the family, increasing the number of remarkable cases of parallel evolution of lichen growth forms within the Arthoniales. Phoebus hydrophobius is newly recorded for Mexico.

scholarly journals Floristic composition of Jahangirnagar University Campus - A semi-natural area of Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-60
Author(s):  
Saleh Ahammad Khan ◽  
Sharmin Sultana ◽  
Gazi Mosharof Hossain ◽  
Shayla Sharmin Shetu ◽  
Md Abdur Rahim
Keyword(s):  
Biodiversity Conservation ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
University Campus ◽  
Natural Area ◽  
Fuel Wood ◽  
The Family ◽  
Plant Taxon ◽  
Number Of Plant Species

This study represents comprehensive taxonomic information on current floristic composition in the semi-natural campus area of Jahangirnagar University. This study reveals that this campus area harbours a total of 917 species belonging to 574 genera and 145 families of vascular plants. 70.34% of these species are wild and the rest are cultivated/planted. 63.79% of the species are native and 36.21% are exotic to Bangladesh. Pteridophytes and Gymnosperms are represented by 22 and 12 species, respectively, whereas, Angiosperms by 883 species. Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons) and Liliopsida (monocotyledons) are composed of 618 and 265 species, respectively. The family Poaceae with 89 species is the largest, which is followed by Fabaceae with 44 species and Asteraceae with 40 species. Most of the species are herbs (56.16%) and growing in diverse habitats. All species are economically or ecologically important, but mostly as medicinal, ornamental, fodder and forage, fruit, vegetable, timber and fuel wood. The study area houses 15 plant species, previously listed as threatened to Bangladesh. Thus, the study area is floristically rich in respect to its number of plant species belonging to different groups and its size. This area might serve as a campus-based excellent center of biodiversity conservation by strengthening the existing management and adopting necessary policies and strategies. Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 28(1): 27-60, 2021 (June)

scholarly journals Recycling and Management of Waste at Source (Home)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tej Kumar Nepal
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Biodiversity Conservation ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Solid Waste Management ◽  
Governmental Organization ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Global Issue ◽  
The Family ◽  
The World

Solid waste management is a global issue that affects every individual living in the world directly or indirectly. Failing to manage the waste properly will cause harm on public health, our natural environment, and even our happiness and prosperity. When asked about the reason behind the failure of third time plastic ban in Bhutan, one of the Bhutanese said it’s because of the lack of cooperation from public to support the move of government. Clean Bhutan, a non-governmental organization (NGO) that aims Zero Waste Bhutan by 2030, has collected around 5,900 metric tons of waste from December 2014 to February 2018. This project will create some awareness regarding the management of waste at individual level when people come in contact with the family of the researcher. It also talks abot how waste management and biodiversity conservation can go side by side.

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