scholarly journals Photosynthetic metabolism and quality of Eugenia pyriformis Cambess. seedlings on substrate function and water levels

2014 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 2039-2048 ◽  
Author(s):  
SILVANA P.Q. SCALON ◽  
TATIANE S. JEROMINI ◽  
ROSILDA M. MUSSURY ◽  
DAIANE M. DRESCH
Keyword(s):  
Water Retention ◽  
Poultry Litter ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Internal Concentration ◽  
Chlorophyll Index ◽  
Photosynthetic Metabolism ◽  
Dickson Quality Index

The aim of this research was to evaluate the quality and photosynthetic metabolism of “uvaia” seedlings (Eugenia pyriformis Cambess.) on different substrates and water regimes. The seeds were sown in tubes of 50 x 190 mm in the following substrates: Sand (S), Latosol + Sand (L + S) (1:1), Latosol + Sand + Semi Decomposed Poultry Litter (L + S1 + PL) ( 1:1:0.5), Latosol + Sand + Semi Decomposed Poultry Litter (L + S2 + PL) (1:2:0.5), Latosol + Bioplant® (L + B) (1:1), and the water levels assessed were 50, 75 and 100% of water retention capacity. At 60, 90, 120 and 150 days the seedlings were evaluated according to their chlorophyll index, leaf area (cm2) and Dickson Quality Index (DQI) and at 150 days their internal concentration of carbon (mol m–2 s–1), stomatal conductance (mol m–2 s–1), transpiration rate (mmol m–2 s–1), photosynthesis (µmol m–2 s–1) and efficiency of water use (µmol de CO2 / mmol de H2O). Until their 150th days, the seedlings had higher quality and photosynthetic metabolism when cultured with substrates containing latosol + sand + poultry litter on the two variations assessed and water retention capacity of 50%.

Effect of Storage Time on the Physicochemical and Sensory Properties of Man-tou (Chinese Steamed Bread)

2007 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kun Sha ◽  
Ping Qian ◽  
Li-Jun Wang ◽  
Zhan-hui Lu ◽  
Li-Te Li
Keyword(s):  
Water Retention ◽  
Storage Time ◽  
Soluble Starch ◽  
Prolonged Storage ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Study Quality ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Steamed Bread

In this study, quality of Man-tou, the Chinese traditional steamed bread during storage was studied. Values for water retention capacity, total water solubles, soluble starch, and soluble amylose and amylopectin of Man-tou decreased with storage time. Results showed that hardness, chewiness and gumminess of Man-tou increased, while, springiness cohesiveness and resilience decreased along with prolonged storage time (p<0.05). Sensory evaluation results showed that all sensory rating of Man-tou, including softness, stickiness, cohesiveness, elasticity, taste and total score, dropped drastically within 24 h of storage time (p<0.05). Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC) was used to determine crystalline structure of amylopectin in Man-tou, and the value for enthalpy of crystallization was found increased with storage time. Amylopectin crystallization was significantly associated to Man-tou firming (p<0.01).

scholarly journals Identifying runoff processes on the plot and catchment scale

2006 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 2063-2100 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Schmocker-Fackel ◽  
F. Naef ◽  
S. Scherrer
Keyword(s):  
Water Retention ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Catchment Scale ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Simplified Method ◽  
Infiltration Parameters

Abstract. Rainfall-runoff models that adequately represent the real hydrological processes and that do not have to be calibrated, are needed in hydrology. Such a model would require information about the runoff processes occurring in a catchment and their spatial distribution. Therefore, the aim of this article is (1) to develop a methodology that allows the delineation of dominant runoff processes (DRP) in the field and with a GIS, and (2) to illustrate how such a map can be used in rainfall-runoff modelling. Soil properties were assessed of 44 soil profiles in two Swiss catchments. On some profiles, sprinkling experiments were performed and soil-water levels measured. With these data, the dominant runoff processes (DRP) were determined using the Scherrer and Naef (2003) process decision scheme. At the same time, a simplified method was developed to make it possible to determine the DRP only on the basis of maps of the soil, topography and geology. In 67% of the soil profiles, the two methods indicated the same processes; in 24% with minor deviations. By transforming the simplified method into a set of rules that could be introduced into a GIS, the distributions of the different DRPs in two catchments could be delineated automatically so that maps of the dominant runoff processes could be produced. These maps agreed well with manually derived maps and field observations. Flood-runoff volumes could be quite accurately predicted on the basis of the rainfall measured and information on the water retention capacity contained in the DRP map. This illustrates the potential of the DRP maps for defining the infiltration parameters used in rainfall-runoff models.

scholarly journals Production of kale seedlings on substrates containing proportions of organic compost

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. e58010817707
Author(s):  
José Luís Trevizan Chiomento ◽  
Isabel Cristina Lourenço da Silva ◽  
Lourival Dantas Fagundes ◽  
Rafael Tronco Homrich ◽  
Nicolas dos Santos Trentin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Aerial Part ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
The One ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Organic Compost

One of the difficulties in the kale seedlings production in containers is to ensure the production of aboveground biomass with a limited portion of roots, restricted to a small volume of substrate. Thus, we investigated whether substrates with organic compost added to it associated with kale cultivars interfere in the quality of seedlings produced in a greenhouse. Here, we studied two kale cultivars and five substrates. The experiment was designed in randomized blocks, with treatments arranged in a bifactorial scheme (2 x 5), with three replications. We carried out the physical and chemical characterization of the substrates and evaluated attributes of the aerial part and root system of the kale seedlings. The results showed that the substrate with the highest water retention was the one without the addition of organic compost. The greater the proportion of organic compound added to the substrate, the higher the nitrogen, phosphorus and organic carbon values. Seedlings produced in the substrate with greater water retention capacity had better performance in relation to the morphology of the aerial part and the morphology of the root system. We conclude that seedlings of kale cultivars associated with substrates with higher water retention have better quality. Seedlings of the ‘Gaudina’ cultivar stand out for their better phytometric morphology, while seedlings of the ‘Manteiga’ cultivar have higher quality of root biomass.

scholarly journals Use of organic fertilization with irrigation in coffee production in brazilian cerrado

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
André Luís Teixeira Fernandes ◽  
Eusímio Felisbino Fraga Júnior ◽  
Márcio José de Santana ◽  
Reginaldo De Oliveira Silva ◽  
Marcelo Moreira Dias
Keyword(s):  
Water Retention ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Brazilian Cerrado ◽  
Soil Water Retention ◽  
Organic Fertilization ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Productive Development

Coffee irrigation has increased in the main Brazilian coffee regions. However, in recent years, with climate change, years with water deficits greater than 150 mm have been observed, affecting the vegetative and productive development of the crop and also the replenishment of surface and underground springs. One practice that increases soil water retention capacity is organic fertilization. This work evaluated different combinations of irrigation and organic fertilization on the yield and quality of coffee produced in the Minas Gerais cerrado region. The treatments were: T1: total irrigation; T2: no irrigation; T3: total irrigation + organic fertilization (chicken manure, 10 ton ha-1); T4: no irrigation + organic fertilization (chicken manure, 10 ton ha-1); T5: 50% irrigation + organic fertilization (chicken manure, 10 ton ha-1). After 7 harvests, it was concluded that the treatment that combined organic fertilization with application of half of the necessary irrigation presented the best yield, superior to the treatment with total irrigation and exclusively mineral nutrition.

scholarly journals USE OF NANOCOMPOSITE HYDROGEL WITH N-UREA IN THE PRODUCTION OF EGGPLANT SEEDLINGS

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 80-85
Author(s):  
Josiane Souza Salles ◽  
Marçal Henrique Amici Jorge ◽  
Edilson Costa ◽  
Raphael Augusto de Castro e Melo ◽  
Alexandre Henrique Freitas de Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Nanocomposite Hydrogel ◽  
State University ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Mato Grosso Do Sul ◽  
Dickson Quality Index

The use of quality seedlings of eggplant is directly related to the success of their production, with polymers added to the substrate, which work as water conditioners, increase the water retention capacity, and provide better seedling quality. The study aimed to evaluate the use of nanocomposite hydrogel enriched with different proportions of N-urea in the production of eggplant seedlings. The experiment was conducted at the State University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Cassilândia, MS, Brazil, from June to August 2019, under sombrite® 30%. Five treatments were evaluated, using the commercial substrate, Carolina Soil®: 1) commercial substrate without hydrogel; 2) commercial substrate with 0.075g of pure hydrogel (0.00g of N-urea)/15 mL of a substrate; 3) commercial substrate with 0.075g of hydrogel and 10% N-urea/15 mL of a substrate; 4) commercial substrate with 0.075g of hydrogel and 20% N-urea/15 mL of a substrate, and 5) commercial substrate with 0.075g of hydrogel and 40% N-urea/15 mL of a substrate. The experiment was conducted with four replications of 25 seedlings. The emergence speed index, percentage of emergence, height, number of leaves, stem diameter, shoot dry matter, root dry matter, and total dry matter were evaluated, as well as the Dickson Quality Index. The data were subjected to analysis of variance (SPEEDSTAT statistical software) and grouping test of means. A regression analysis was performed to adjust equations for some of the variables. The best seedlings can be obtained using the dosage of 28.83% N-urea with 0.075g of hydrogel per 15 ml of the substrate, according to the DQI adjustment, which includes several traits of the seedlings, thus reflecting on its quality.

scholarly journals Quality of tomato seedlings produced in substrates

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 319-331
Author(s):  
José Luís Trevizan Chiomento ◽  
Gabriela Oliveira Cavalli ◽  
Thomas Dos Santos Trentin ◽  
Alana Grando Dornelles
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Seedling Quality ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Tomato Seedlings ◽  
Tomato Cultivars

A difficulty in the production of tomato seedlings in containers is to assure the production of shoot biomass with limited portion of roots, restricted to a small volume of substrate. Therefore, we investigated if substrates associated with tomato cultivars interfere in the seedling quality. In this study, the treatments used were two tomato cultivars and three substrates. The experiment was designed in randomized blocks, with treatments arranged in a two-factorial scheme (2 x 3), with four replications. We carried out the physical and chemical characterization of the substrates and evaluated the attributes of the shoot and the root system of tomato seedlings. The results showed that the substrate with the highest water retention was Horta 2® and the lightest material was TN Gold®. Still, seedlings produced on the substrate with greater water retention capacity had higher performance in relation to the shoot morphology and the root system morphology. We conclude that the seedling quality of tomato cultivars is not associated with the studied substrates and that seedlings produced in substrate with greater water retention have better quality.

scholarly journals Carcass characteristics and meat quality of lambs fed high levels of spineless cactus in the diet

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 416-425
Author(s):  
S.B.L. Bezerra ◽  
R.M.L. Véras ◽  
A.M.V. Batista ◽  
A. Guim ◽  
M.V. Maciel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meat Quality ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Quadratic Effect ◽  
Quadratic Effects ◽  
Intramuscular Fat Content

The objective was to evaluate the effect of increasing the dietary inclusion of spineless cactus (Nopalea cochenillifera Salm Dyck) on the carcass characteristics and meat quality of confined lambs. Thirty-two male Santa Inês lambs with an average age of 140 days and an initial body weight of 20.4 ± 2.60 kg were used in this study. The lambs were housed in individual stalls for 70 days and individually fed a ration with spineless cactus included at 0, 241, 519, or 753 g/kg of dry matter (DM). The lambs were slaughtered, and characteristics of the carcass and meat were recorded and analysed. Inclusion of spineless cactus had a quadratic effect on the bodyweight at slaughter and on the empty bodyweight of the lambs. The inclusion of 500 g/kg of spineless cactus provided the highest predicted cold carcass weight (16.03 kg). There was a quadratic effect of the inclusion of spineless cactus on the weight of meat cuts and leg composition of lambs. The inclusion of spineless cactus did not influence pH, tenderness, and water-retention capacity of the meat. However, the intramuscular fat content increased 1 mg for every 10 g/kg inclusion of spineless cactus in the diet. Quadratic effects were observed of the inclusion of spineless cactus on the weights of the liver, heart, rumen, blood, skin and internal fat of the lambs. Up to 500 g/kg of spineless cactus could be included in the diet of confined lambs.

scholarly journals Identifying runoff processes on the plot and catchment scale

2007 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 891-906 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Schmocker-Fackel ◽  
F. Naef ◽  
S. Scherrer
Keyword(s):  
Water Retention ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Catchment Scale ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Simplified Method ◽  
Infiltration Parameters

Abstract. Rainfall-runoff models that adequately represent the real hydrological processes and that do not have to be calibrated, are needed in hydrology. Such a model would require information about the runoff processes occurring in a catchment and their spatial distribution. Therefore, the aim of this article is (1) to develop a methodology that allows the delineation of dominant runoff processes (DRP) in the field and with a GIS, and (2) to illustrate how such a map can be used in rainfall-runoff modelling. Soil properties were assessed of 44 soil profiles in two Swiss catchments. On some profiles, sprinkling experiments were performed and soil-water levels measured. With these data, the dominant runoff processes (DRP) were determined using the Scherrer and Naef (2003) process decision scheme. At the same time, a simplified method was developed to make it possible to determine the DRP only on the basis of maps of the soil, topography and geology. In 67% of the soil profiles, the two methods indicated the same processes; in 24% with minor deviations. By transforming the simplified method into a set of rules that could be introduced into a GIS, the distributions of the different DRPs in two catchments could be delineated automatically so that maps of the dominant runoff processes could be produced. These maps agreed well with manually derived maps and field observations. Flood-runoff volumes could be quite accurately predicted on the basis of the rainfall measured and information on the water retention capacity contained in the DRP map. This illustrates the potential of the DRP maps for defining the infiltration parameters used in rainfall-runoff models.

scholarly journals Quality attributes and properties of surubim (Pseudoplatystoma spp.) meat

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 3957
Author(s):  
Letícia Emiliani Fantini ◽  
Jorge Antonio Ferreira de Lara ◽  
Ádina Cléia Botazzo Delbem ◽  
Thiago Tetsuo Ushizima ◽  
Jayme Aparecido Povh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shear Force ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Quality Attributes ◽  
Nonparametric Tests ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Net Charge ◽  
Significant Difference

The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality attributes and properties of fillets from surubins (Pseudoplatystoma spp.) reared in cages and fishponds. The design of the study was completely randomized, with two treatments (cage and fishpond) and 16 replicates each. The fillets from fishes reared in cage and fishpond had a mean total weight of 134.71 ± 33.11 g and 151.56 ± 18.56 g, respectively. The following parameters were analyzed: pH, water retention capacity (WRC), color (L* brightness), (a* red), (b* yellow), and shear force (SF). The data were subjected to analysis of variance and the means were compared by Tukey’s and Mann-Whitney (nonparametric) tests. Statistically significant differences (p<0.05) were observed for WRC, SF, and pH variables. Only for color attributes (L*), (a*), (b*), no statistically significant difference (p>0.05) was detected between the treatments. A lower pH (6.17 ± 0.23) was observed in fillets from surubins reared in cage. As this is close to the isoelectric point of myofibrillar proteins, it reduces their net charge and, consequently, their capacity to retain water. Lower WRC of fillets obtained from fishes reared in cage (61.46 ± 1.62%) implies loss of nutritional value through the exudate released which results in drier fillets and compromised tenderness. In fillets from cage production, SF (1.06 ± 0.22 kgf) was higher than those from fishpond, i.e., the higher the shear force, the lower the tenderness of the fillet. On the basis of the observation that fillets from fishes reared in fishponds were more tender, this study confirmed that the quality of surubin fillets is influenced by the production system.

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