scholarly journals Pollination of Rapeseed (Brassica napus) by Africanized Honeybees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) on Two Sowing Dates

2014 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 2087-2100 ◽  
Author(s):  
EMERSON D. CHAMBÓ ◽  
NEWTON T.E. DE OLIVEIRA ◽  
REGINA C. GARCIA ◽  
JOSÉ B. DUARTE-JÚNIOR ◽  
MARIA CLAUDIA C. RUVOLO-TAKASUSUKI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Foraging Activity ◽  
Cross Pollination ◽  
Single Colony ◽  
Covered Area ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Physiological Quality ◽  
Favorable Weather ◽  
Africanized Honeybees

In this study, performed in the western part of the state of Paraná, Brazil, two self-fertile hybrid commercial rapeseed genotypes were evaluated for yield components and physiological quality using three pollination tests and spanning two sowing dates. The treatments consisted of combinations of two rapeseed genotypes (Hyola 61 and Hyola 433), three pollination tests (uncovered area, covered area without insects and covered area containing a single colony of Africanized Apis mellifera honeybees) and two sowing dates (May 25th, 2011 and June 25th, 2011). The presence of Africanized honeybees during flowering time increased the productivity of the rapeseed. Losses in the productivity of the hybrids caused by weather conditions unfavorable for rapeseed development were mitigated through cross-pollination performed by the Africanized honeybees. Weather conditions may limit the foraging activity of Africanized honeybees, causing decreased cross-pollination by potential pollinators, especially the Africanized A. mellifera honeybee. The rapeseed hybrids respond differently depending on the sowing date, and the short-cycle Hyola 433 hybrid is the most suitable hybrid for sowing under less favorable weather conditions.

scholarly journals Yield and Physical and Physiological Quality of Salvia hispanica L. Seeds Grown at Different Sowing Dates

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrícia Carine Hüller Goergen ◽  
Ubirajara Russi Nunes ◽  
Raquel Stefanello ◽  
Isabel Lago ◽  
Anderson Rodrigues Nunes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Main Stem ◽  
Salvia Hispanica ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Physiological Quality ◽  
Salvia Hispanica L ◽  
Physiological Tests

Variations in the sowing date of chia (Salvia hispanica L.) reflect directly on the physiological potential of the produced seeds. This study aimed to analyze the yield and the physical and physiological quality of seeds from the main stem and branches of Salvia hispanica plants grown at different sowing dates. A field experiment was conducted in the crop year of 2016/2017 in five sowing dates (16/09/22, 16/10/28, 17/01/03, 17/02/08 and 17/03/24) in a randomized complete block design with four replicates. Harvest at each sowing date was done when 80% of the leaves of each plant exhibited a darker color, indicating that they were dry. Seed yield was determined in each plant compartment (main stem and branches) and final ear length (cm) and diameter (cm) were also measured at all sowing dates. The following physical and physiological tests were performed to determine seed quality: water content, mass of one thousand seeds, germination test, first count germination, length (root and hypocotyl) and dry matter of the seedlings. Chia can be sown from September to February providing seed yield with high physical and physiological quality. The physical and physiological quality of the chia seeds does not differ between main stem and branches. In late sowing, there is the risk of frost occurrence what may impair the physiological quality and the yield of chia seeds. The best sowing month for obtaining higher yield of chia seeds in a south subtropical region is January.

scholarly journals The effect of sowing date and plant density on the yield of maize (Zea mays L.) under different weather conditions

2018 ◽  
pp. 205-208
Author(s):  
Ákos Tótin ◽  
Péter Pepó
Keyword(s):  
Plant Density ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Chernozem Soil ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The University

Maize has high productivity and produces huge vegetative and generative phytomass, but this crop is very sensitive to agroecological (mainly to climatic, partly to pedological conditions) and agrotechnical circumstances. In Hungary, maize is grown on 1.1–1.2 million hectares, the national average yields vary between 4–7 t ha-1 depending on the year and the intensity of production technology. The longterm experiment was set up in 2015–2016 on chernozem soil in the Hajdúság (eastern Hungary). The maize research was set up on chernozem soil at the Látókép MÉK (Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management) research area of the University of Debrecen. We examined the following commonly used hybrids of Hungary: SY ARIOSO (FAO 300), P9074 (FAO 310), P9486 (FAO 360), SY Octavius (FAO 400), GK Kenéz (FAO 410), DKC 4943 (FAO 410). The experiment was set up in three different plant densities. These were 60, 76, 90 thousand plant ha-1. The experiment was set up with three different sowing dates, early, average and late sowing. The yield was measured using a special plot harvester (Sampo Rosenlew 2010), measuring the weight of the harvested plot and also taking a sample from it. As a next step, we calculated the yield (t ha-1) of each plot at 14% of moisture content to compare them to each other. We evaluated the obtained data using Microsoft Excel 2015.

scholarly journals Effect of Sowing Date on Germination and Vigour of Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr) Seeds

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
MM Rahman ◽  
MM Rahman ◽  
MM Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Soybean Seeds ◽  
Rabi Season ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
High Germination ◽  
Physiological Quality ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Plot Design

An experiment was carried out at the Agronomy Field Laboratory of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during three consecutive seasons in 2004-2006 to find out the effect of sowing date on physiological quality of soybean seed. The experiments included six sowing dates viz. 4 Nov, 24 Nov, 14 Dec, 3 Jan, 23 Jan and 12 Feb and two cultivars namely G-2 and PB-1 in Rabi 2004-05; four sowing dates viz. 25 Jul, 14 Aug, 3 Sept and 23 Sept and three cultivars namely G-2, PB-1 and BS-5 in Kharif II 2005; four sowing dates viz. 26 Nov, 16 Dec, 5 Jan, and 25 Jan, and two cultivars viz. G-2 and PB-1 in Rabi 2005-06. The experiments were conducted in split-plot design with three replications. Results revealed that cultivar G-2 had higher germination and vigour than cultivar PB-1 or BS-5 in all the three seasons. November and December sowing produced seeds with higher germination and vigour for all the cultivars in Rabi season. On the other hand, September sowing produced seeds with high germination and vigour during Kharif II. The study indicated that soybean seeds with high germination and vigour could be obtained by sowing during November to December in Rabi season and August to September in Kharif-II season. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/agric.v11i1.15245 The Agriculturists 2013; 11(1) 67-75

scholarly journals Sowing dates and their effect on productivity and grain quality of the winter wheat varieties

2021 ◽  
pp. 95-103
Author(s):  
L. A. Radchenko ◽  
Т. L. Ganotskaya ◽  
А. F. Radchenko ◽  
S. S. Babanina
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

The analysis of the Crimean weather conditions during the autumn vegetation period of winter wheat indicates climate warming and, in this regard, the necessity to adjust the optimal sowing dates. The purpose of the current study was to estimate the productivity and grain quality of winter bread wheat varieties depending on different sowing dates. The objects of the study were five winter wheat varieties sown in 5 dates from October 1 to November 30 with an interval of 15 days. Field trials were conducted with appropriate observations, records, measurements and analyzes, according to the methodology of the State Variety Testing. Statistical processing of the trials was carried out by the B.A. Dospekhov’s method of dispersion and correlation analyzes. The study was carried out through three years, two vegetation periods of which (2017–2018 and 2019–2020) were dry, one period (2018-2019) was favorable for the development of winter grain crops. According to the results of the analysis of variance, there have been identified significant differences in the effect of all three factors (‘variety’, ‘length’ and ‘year’) and their correlation in all combinations on the productivity formation. The factors ‘sowing date’ (33%) and ‘correlation between date and year’ (49%) had the greatest influence on the productivity formation. In 2018, the most optimal for all studied varieties was the second sowing date (15.10), in 2019 it was the first (1.10), and under the conditions of 2020, the later sowing dates were more favorable, and the 4th period was marked as optimal (15.11). The mean productivity of all varieties at the optimum sowing dates was 4.0; 5.5 and 3.46 t/ha, respectively. The factors ‘sowing date’, ‘year’, and the correlation between them significantly influenced protein percentage in grain. Their effect on the manifestation of the above trait was 29%, 14% and 23%, respectively; on gluten content it was 29%, 16% and 21%, respectively.

Effect of sowing date and N fertilisation on the yield and yield stability of maize ( Zea mays L.) hybrids in a long-term experiment

2008 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Berzsenyi ◽  
Q. Dang
Keyword(s):  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Yield Stability ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Long Term Experiment ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
Set Up ◽  
High Yields ◽  
N Rates

The effect of sowing date, N fertilisation and genotype on the grain yield and yield stability of maize was studied between 1991 and 2006 in a long-term N fertilisation experiment set up on chernozem soil in Martonvásár, Hungary. The N treatments (0, 60, 120, 180 and 240 kg ha −1 ) represented the main plot of the three-factor, split-split-plot experiment, with the sowing date (early, optimum, late, very late) in the sub-plots and hybrids from different maturity groups in the sub-sub-plots. The highest yields were obtained for the early and optimum sowing dates (8.712 and 8.706 t ha −1 ). Compared with the optimum sowing date, a delay of ten or twenty days led to yield losses of 5% and 12.5%, respectively. In the late and very late sowings and in years with unfavourable weather conditions, yield increments were only observed up to an N rate of 60 kg ha −1 , while in the early and optimum sowings and in favourable years yield increments were significant up to 120 kg ha −1 N. Yield stability was smallest in the early and very late sowings, in the control and for high N rates, and in the early and late maturity hybrids. It can be concluded that high yields and yield stability are not mutually exclusive.

scholarly journals Utilization of the cropgro-soybean model to estimate yield loss caused by Asian rust in cultivars with different cycle

Bragantia ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 308-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael de Ávila Rodrigues ◽  
João Eduardo Pedrini ◽  
Clyde William Fraisse ◽  
José Maurício Cunha Fernandes ◽  
Flávio Barbosa Justino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Yield Loss ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Soybean Rust ◽  
Pedotransfer Functions ◽  
Crop Models ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Asian Soybean Rust ◽  
Generalized Likelihood Uncertainty Estimation ◽  
Favorable Weather

In recent years, crop models have increasingly been used to simulate agricultural features. The DSSAT (Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer) is an important tool in modeling growth; however, one of its limitations is related to the unaccounted-for effect of diseases. Therefore, the goals of this study were to calibrate and validate the CSM CROPGRO-Soybean for the soybean cultivars M-SOY 6101 and MG/BR 46 (Conquista), analyze the performance and the effect of Asian soybean rust on these cultivars under the environmental conditions of Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The experimental data for the evaluation, testing, and adjustment of the genetic coefficients for the cultivars, M-SOY 6101 and MG/BR 46 (Conquista), were obtained during the 2006/2007, 2007/2008 and 2009/2010 growing seasons. GLUE (Generalized Likelihood Uncertainty Estimation) was used for the estimation of the genetic coefficients, and pedotransfer functions have been utilized to estimate the physical characteristics of the soil. For all of the sowing dates, the early season cultivar, M-SOY 6101, exhibited a lower variance in yield, which represents more stability with regard to the interannual climate variability, i.e., the farmers who use this cultivar will have in 50% of the crop years analyzed, a higher yield than a late-season cultivar. The MG/BR 46 (Conquista) cultivar demonstrated a greater probability of obtaining higher yield in years with favorable weather conditions. However, in the presence of the Asian soybean rust, yield is heavily affected. The early cultivar, M-SOY 6101, showed a lower risk of being affected by the rust and consequently exhibited less yield loss considering the scenario D90 (condensation on the leaf surface occurs when the relative humidity is greater than or equal to 90%), for a sowing date of November 14.

EFFECT OF SOWING DATE ON GRAIN YIELD OF CRAB GRASS

2001 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-297
Author(s):  
S. O. Bakare ◽  
M. G. M. Kolo ◽  
J. A. Oladiran
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Interaction Effect ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Significant Interaction Effect ◽  
Sowing Dates

There was a significant interaction effect between the variety and the sowing date for the number of productive tillers, indicating that the response to sowing date varied with the variety. A significant reduction in the number of productive tillers became evident when sowing was delayed till 26 June in the straggling variety as compared to sowing dates in May. Lower numbers of productive tillers were also recorded when the sowing of the erect variety was further delayed till 10 July. The grain yield data showed that it is not advisable to sow the straggling variety later than 12 June, while sowing may continue till about 26 June for the erect variety in the study area.

Application of physiological understanding in soybean improvement. I. Understanding phenological constraints to adaptation and yield potential

2011 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Lawn ◽  
A. T. James
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Environmental Control ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Companion Paper ◽  
Interaction Effects ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Eastern Australia

The purpose of this paper and its companion1 is to describe how, in eastern Australia, soybean improvement, in terms of both breeding and agronomy, has been informed and influenced over the past four decades by physiological understanding of the environmental control of phenology. This first paper describes how initial attempts to grow soybean in eastern Australia, using varieties and production practices from the southern USA, met with limited success due to large variety × environment interaction effects on seed yield. In particular, there were large variety × location, variety × sowing date, and variety × sowing date × density effects. These various interaction effects were ultimately explained in terms of the effects of photo-thermal environment on the phenology of different varieties, and the consequences for radiation interception, dry matter production, harvest index, and seed yield. This knowledge enabled the formulation of agronomic practices to optimise sowing date and planting arrangement to suit particular varieties, and underpinned the establishment of commercial production in south-eastern Queensland in the early 1970s. It also influenced the establishment and operation over the next three decades of several separate breeding programs, each targeting phenological adaptation to specific latitudinal regions of eastern Australia. This paper also describes how physiological developments internationally, particularly the discovery of the long juvenile trait and to a lesser extent the semi-dwarf ideotype, subsequently enabled an approach to be conceived for broadening the phenological adaptation of soybeans across latitudes and sowing dates. The application of this approach, and its outcomes in terms of varietal improvement, agronomic management, and the structure of the breeding program, are described in the companion paper.

scholarly journals Effective Seed Yield and Flowering Synchrony of Parents of CIMMYT Three-Way-Cross Tropical Maize Hybrids

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 161
Author(s):  
Alberto A. Chassaigne-Ricciulli ◽  
Leopoldo E. Mendoza-Onofre ◽  
Leobigildo Córdova-Téllez ◽  
Aquiles Carballo-Carballo ◽  
Félix M. San Vicente-García ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Flowering Synchrony ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Grain Filling Period ◽  
Hybrid Maize

Genotype, environmental temperature, and agronomic management of parents influence seed yield in three-way cross hybrid maize seed production. The objective of this research was to generate information on the seed production of six three-way cross hybrids and their progenitors, adapted to tropical lowlands. Data on days to—and duration of—flowering, distance to spike and stigmas, and seed yield of five female single crosses and five male inbred lines were recorded for different combinations of four planting densities and four sowing dates in Mexico. The effect of planting density was not significant. The male inbred line T10 was the earliest and highest seed yield and T31 the latest, occupying second place in yield. The single crosses T32/T10 and T13/T14 were the earliest and had the highest effective seed yield. At the earliest sowing date, the females were later in their flowering, accumulated fewer growing degree days (GDD), and obtained higher yields since the grain-filling period coincided with hot days and cool nights. To achieve greater floral synchronization and therefore greater production of hybrid seed, differential planting dates for parents are recommended based on information from the accumulated GDD of each parent. The three-way cross hybrids were classified according to the expected seed yield of the females and the complexity in the synchronization of flowering of their parents.

Selection of drought-resistant crops for South Steppe of Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-22
Author(s):  
V. V. Gamayunova ◽  
L. H. Khonenko ◽  
M. I. Fedorchuk ◽  
O. A. Kovalenko
Keyword(s):  
Humus Content ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Chemical Application ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Drought Resistant

The cultivation expediency of more drought-resistant crops, in particular sorghum, millet, false flax, safflower and others, instead of sunflower in the area of the Southern Steppe of Ukraine is substantiated. This is, first of all, required by climate change both in Ukraine and in the world. Since 2004, researches of field crops were carried out in the conditions of the Educational and Scientific Practical Center of the Mykolaiv National Agrarian University. Soil phase is the southern chernozem with humus content in the 0–30 cm soil layer which consist of 2.96–3.21 %, with medium and high level of availability of mobile phosphorus and potassium and low – mobile nitrogen. Experiments with soriz (Oksamyt hybrid) were conducted during 2004–2006, millet (Tavriiske, Kostantynivske, Skhidnevarieties) in 2008–2010, grain sorghum (Stepovyi 5 hybrid) in 2014–2016, safflower dye (Lahidnyi variety) in 2017–2019. The years of research differed significantly in temperature and even more in the amount of precipitation before sowing and during the growing season of crops. However, the weather conditions were typical of the Southern Steppe zone of Ukraine. It is established that all studied drought-resistant crops respond positively to nutrition optimization – the level of yield and quality of grain or seeds increases. It was found that the soriz productivity depending on the application of fertilizers and sowing dates increased by 37.6–39.2 %, millet –by 33.3–41.6 %, grain sorghum depending on the background of nutrition and growing conditions – by 8.2–33.2 %, dye safflower – by 11.1–64.6 %. It was determined that the optimization of nutrition of cultivated crops allows to increase their resistance to adverse conditions and productivity in the case of application of low doses of the mineral fertilizers before sowing, pre-sowing treatment of seeds, and growth-regulating chemical application of plants on the main stages of the growing season. Key words: drought-resistant plants, climatic conditions, nutrition optimization, yield, crop quality, varieties, sowing dates.

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