scholarly journals Soil-vegetation relationships on a banded ironstone 'island', Carajás Plateau, Brazilian Eastern Amazonia

2015 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 2097-2110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaquelina A. Nunes ◽  
Carlos E.G.R. Schaefer ◽  
Walnir G. Ferreira Júnior ◽  
Andreza V. Neri ◽  
Guilherme R. Correa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Iron Formation ◽  
Campo Rupestre ◽  
Vegetation Types ◽  
Banded Iron Formation ◽  
Forest Sites ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Physical Attributes

Vegetation and soil properties of an iron-rich canga (laterite) island on the largest outcrop of banded-iron formation in Serra de Carajás (eastern Amazonia, Brazil) were studied along a topographic gradient (738-762 m asl), and analyzed to test the hypothesis that soil chemical and physical attributes play a key role in the structure and floristic composition of these plant communities. Soil and vegetation were sampled in eight replicate plots within each of the four vegetation types. Surface (0-10 cm) soil samples from each plot were analyzed for basic cations, N, P and plant species density for all species was recorded. CCA ordination analysis showed a strong separation between forest and non-forest sites on the first axis, and between herbaceous and shrubby campo rupestre on the second axis. The four vegetation types shared few plant species, which was attributed to their distinctive soil environments and filtering of their constituent species by chemical, physical and hydrological constraints. Thus, we can infer that Edaphic (pedological) factors are crucial in explaining the types and distributions of campo rupestre vegetation associated with ferruginous ironstone uplands (Canga) in Carajás, eastern Amazonia, therefore the soil properties are the main drivers of vegetation composition and structure on these ironstone islands.

scholarly journals Relationship between Wetland Plant Communities and Environmental Factors in the Tumen River Basin in Northeast China

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaojun Zheng ◽  
Jing Fu ◽  
Noelikanto Ramamonjisoa ◽  
Weihong Zhu ◽  
Chunguang He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Northeast China ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Wetland Plant ◽  
Tumen River ◽  
Wetland Plant Communities

Understanding what controls wetland vegetation community composition is vital to conservation and biodiversity management. This study investigates the factors that affect wetland plant communities and distribution in the Tumen River Basin, Northeast China, an internationally important wetland for biodiversity conservation. We recorded floristic composition of herbaceous plants, soil properties, and microclimatic variables in 177, 1 × 1 m2 quadrats at 45 sites, located upstream (26), midstream (12), and downstream (7) of the Basin. We used TWINSPAN to define vegetation communities and canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) to examine the relationships between environmental and biological factors within the wetland plant communities. We recorded 100 plant species from 93 genera and 40 families in the upstream, 100 plant species from 57 genera and 31 families in the midstream, and 85 plant species from 76 genera and 38 families in the downstream. Higher species richness was recorded upstream of the River Basin. The plant communities and distribution were influenced by elevation, soil properties (total potassium, pH, and available phosphorus), and microclimate variables (surface temperature, precipitation, average temperature, sunshine hours, and relative humidity). More than any other factor, according to our results, elevation strongly influenced the structure of wetland plant communities. These findings support prevailing models describing the distribution of wetland plants along environmental gradients. The determination of the relationship between soil and plants is a useful way to better understand the ecosystem condition and can help manage the wetland ecosystem.

scholarly journals Short Communication: Floristic composition and relationships between plant species abundance and soil properties in common hazel (Corylus avellana) mountainous forest of northern Iran

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 1835-1841
Author(s):  
GHADER POURRAHMATI ◽  
ASADOLLAH MATAJI ◽  
HASSAN POURBABAEI ◽  
ALI SALEHI
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Short Communication ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Corylus Avellana ◽  
Herbaceous Species ◽  
Northern Iran ◽  
Total N

Pourrahmati G, Mataji A, Pourbabaei H, Salehi A. 2018. Short Communication: Floristic composition and relationships between plant species abundance and soil properties in common hazel (Corylus avellana) mountainous forest of northern Iran. Biodiversitas 19: 1835-1841. Mountainous forests are valuable terrestrial ecosystems because of their useful services for the human being. Here, we explored the floristic composition and the relationships between plant species abundance distribution and soil physical and chemical properties in common hazel (Corylus avellana L.) in the mountainous forest of northern Iran. Within the forest stand, 30 quadrats (20 m × 20 m and 1 m × 1 m for woody and herbaceous species, respectively) were selectively sampled along an altitudinal range from 1300 m to 1800 m a.s.l. to assess plant species composition and abundance, and soil samples were taken to perform chemical and physical analyses. The results showed that a total of 43 herbaceous and 15 woody species belonging to 23 and 8 families were identified. The abundance of herbaceous species was significantly correlated with soil properties (pH and total N). Furthermore, the abundance of woody species had a non-significant correlation with soil properties.

scholarly journals Species of the genus Epilobium (Onagraceae) in plant communities in Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-22
Author(s):  
M.M. Fedoronchuk ◽  
◽  
N.B. Klimovych ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Vegetation Types ◽  
Vegetation Development ◽  
Characteristic Species ◽  
New Habitats ◽  
Class E

To assess the coenotic peculiarities of species of the genus Epilobium (Onagraceae), in particular their coenotic amplitudes in the syntaxa of vegetation of Ukraine, 986 relevés from literature sources were analyzed. The names of syntaxa are provided in accordance with the Prodromus of the vegetation of Ukraine. Species of the genus Epilobium are widely represented in many plant communities and participate in the formation of natural, semi-natural and ruderal coenoses, where they are often diagnostic or characteristic species of associations, alliances, orders and classes of vegetation, or only present in their floristic composition. Epilobium species are present in 28 classes, which is evidence of their broad coenotic amplitudes and representation in different vegetation types: wetland, grassland, halophytic, forest, shrubs, chasmophytic, alpine, and anthropogenic (synanthropic). The widest coenotic amplitudes were revealed in such species as: E. hirsutum, E. palustre, E. angustifolium, E. parviflorum, E. tetragonum, E. montanum, E. alsinifolium, and E. collinum. According to the range of coenotic amplitude, all species can be subdivided into three groups: hemistenotopic, which occur within one class (E. adenocaulon, E. dodonaei, E. lamyi, E. nutans), hemi-eurytopic (within two or three classes) – E. alpestre, E. roseum, and eurytopic (within more than three classes) – E. alsinifolium, E. angustifolium, E. collinum, E. hirsutum, E. montanum, E. palustre, E. parviflorum, E. tetragonum. As for participation of species in the coenosis, the vast majority of them are assectators, and only a small portion can be temporary edificators (in some groups, at certain successive stages of vegetation development: E. angustifolium). Plants of Epilobium species can reproduce rapidly, both vegetatively and by seeds, which promotes their active colonization of new habitats. However, they usually do not tolerate increased shading and coenotic competition with other plant species, so their strategy is mainly ruderal.

scholarly journals Komposisi Jenis dan Struktur Vegetasi Tepi Hutan, Taman Nasional Gunung Ciremai, Jawa Barat

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-24
Author(s):  
Suci Dian Hayati Iskandar ◽  
Dwika Bramasta ◽  
Peniwidiyanti ◽  
Nilna Kamala ◽  
Muhammad Basrowi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
National Park ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Quantitative Structure ◽  
Forest Edges ◽  
Source Areas ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
J Curve

Mount Ciremai National Park has a high ecological function as a major catchment and water source areas. The objective of this research was to obtain information on floristic composition and structure in the edge forest of Seda Block, Mount Ciremai National Park. To carried out the research, the method used in the analysis vegetation was quadrat transect at an elevation of 602-614 m asl. The results showed that species composition dominated by the families of Euphorbiaceae and Moraceae, consisting of 3 stratas of heading A to C where strata A occupied by Elaeocarpus sp. (40 m) and Ficus involucrata (30 m). Ficus involucrata has the widest heading cover on the observation plot. The condition of the forest quantitative structure generally demonstrates good conditions by forming a reversed J curve, as well as a relatively moderate diversity of plant species and there are no species of plant that dominate the forest edges.

Persistence of rare species depends on rare events: demography, fire response and phenology of two plant species endemic to a semiarid Banded Iron Formation range

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben P. Miller ◽  
David R. Symons ◽  
Matthew D. Barrett
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Rare Events ◽  
Arid Zone ◽  
Iron Formation ◽  
Western Boundary ◽  
Banded Iron Formation ◽  
High Rainfall ◽  
Slow Growing ◽  
Structure Patterns

The association of rare plant species and Banded Iron Formation (BIF) ranges in semiarid Western Australia is a noted phenomenon. These ranges are also a focus of iron ore exploration and mining. Decisions and planning required for development, conservation and management resulting from this interest, often consider translocation of these threatened species. Nonetheless, little is known about the ecology of BIF-endemic species to support any such decisions. We assessed population structure, patterns of growth, mortality, recruitment, reproduction and in situ seedbank persistence for two declared rare flora species. The shrub Darwinia masonii, and sedge Lepidosperma gibsonii are endemic to an area <40 km2 on the south-western boundary of the Australian arid zone. Both species were found to be long lived and slow growing, with evidence for reliance on rare events such as fire, and high rainfall years, including, for some processes, consecutive high rainfall years for growth, reproduction and recruitment. Retrieval and germination of seed batches shows that both species’ seedbanks are long-lived, with seasonal dormancy cycling. This, together with the ability of mature plants to survive through years not supporting growth, and, for L. gibsonii, to resprout after fire, are key mechanism for persistence in this unpredictable and low rainfall environment.

Grasses of the Precambrian Shield region in eastern lowland Bolivia. I. Habitat preferences

1992 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 389-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy J. Killeen ◽  
Paul N. Hinz
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation Type ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Campo Rupestre ◽  
Vegetation Types ◽  
Flooded Soils ◽  
Semideciduous Forest ◽  
Floristic Similarity ◽  
Granite Outcrops ◽  
Valley Side

ABSTRACTThe habitat distribution and relative abundance of 113 species of Gramineae were documented by releves in 82 stands near Conception, Santa Cruz, Bolivia. A factor analysis was used to compare the floristic similarity of stands situated in semideciduous forest, cerradao, cerrado, campo rupestre, valley-side campo, pantanal complex or on granite outcrops. Individual grass species usually had a preferred habitat and occurred with decreasing abundance in stands judged to be transitional by physiognomic, edaphic, and floristic criteria. Stands situated in cerrado vegetation were most similar to one another in grass species composition. Cerradao was transitional to semideciduous forest and cerrado but certain grasses were characteristic of this vegetation type. The floristic composition of the single campo rupestre locality was somewhat similar to cerrado; however, several of the more abundant grass species of this vegetation type did not occur in any nearby cerrado stand. Granite outcrops had a distinct grass flora and showed little similarity to other vegetation types. In savanna wetland communities, grass species distribution was influenced by water regime. Differences between stands on valley-side campo corresponded to topographic position on a gradient of increasing water surplus. Seasonally humid/dry stands on valley-side campo and pantanal complexes had a high degree of similarity. Stands lower on the catenary sequence of pantanal complexes and valley-side campos were increasingly dissimilar, a result of the different edaphic conditions of the seasonally flooded soils of pantanal complexes when compared with the permanently saturated (but never flooded) soils of valley-side campos. Pantanal complexes had the richest grass flora of all vegetation types because their microtopographic variability creates numerous micro-habitats with distinct water regimes, each supporting different grass species.

scholarly journals Relationship Between Edaphic Factors and Vegetation in Savannas of the Brazilian Midwest Region

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 821-829 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michellia Pereira Soares ◽  
Paula Reys ◽  
Daniel Salgado Pifano ◽  
Janaílson Leônidas de Sá ◽  
Patrícia Oliveira da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Chemical Analyses ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Midwest Region ◽  
Abundance And Distribution ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The Brazilian savanna is a mosaic of phytophysiognomies influenced by edaphic and topographic factors that range from the occurrence of fires to anthropic disturbance. The goal of this study was a comparative analysis between two cerrado areas in southeastern Goiás, relating the floristic composition and structure of the vegetation to soil properties to better understand the physiognomic characteristics of the region. Twenty-five 20 × 20 m plots were used. All plants with circumference at breast height of more than 15 cm were measured. Soil samples collected at a depth of 0-20 cm were subjected to physical and chemical analyses. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) was used to detect possible correlations between the soil properties and species abundance and distribution. The density and total basal area were 1,647 ind/ha and 15.57 m2/ha, respectively, in Ouroana. At this site, 107 species were sampled. In Montes Claros de Goiás, the density and total basal area were 781 ind/ha and 17.62 m2/ha, and 120 species were sampled. The soil texture of Ouroana was sandy and significantly different from the medium to clayey texture of Montes Claros. The soils of both areas are dystrophic, however, more fertile in Montes Claros and aluminum-toxic in Ouroana. The species of vegetation were distributed according to soil fertility levels. The CCAs grouped species according to soil properties that defined location and abundance as well as the phytophysiognomies of the studied areas.

Earth’s Middle Ages: What Came after the GOE

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald Eugene Canfield
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Atmospheric Oxygen ◽  
Iron Formation ◽  
Banded Iron Formation ◽  
Dissolved Iron ◽  
Great Oxidation Event ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Substantial Rise

This chapter considers the aftermath of the great oxidation event (GOE). It suggests that there was a substantial rise in oxygen defining the GOE, which may, in turn have led to the Lomagundi isotope excursion, which was associated with high rates of organic matter burial and perhaps even higher concentrations of oxygen. This excursion was soon followed by a crash in oxygen to very low levels and a return to banded iron formation deposition. When the massive amounts of organic carbon buried during the excursion were brought into the weathering environment, they would have represented a huge oxygen sink, drawing down levels of atmospheric oxygen. There appeared to be a veritable seesaw in oxygen concentrations, apparently triggered initially by the GOE. The GOE did not produce enough oxygen to oxygenate the oceans. Dissolved iron was removed from the oceans not by reaction with oxygen but rather by reaction with sulfide. Thus, the deep oceans remained anoxic and became rich in sulfide, instead of becoming well oxygenated.

A new volcanic province: evidence from glacial erratics in western North Greenland

2000 ◽  
pp. 35-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter R. Dawes ◽  
Bjørn Thomassen ◽  
T.I. Hauge Andersson
Keyword(s):  
Volcanic Rocks ◽  
Iron Formation ◽  
Banded Iron Formation ◽  
Common Component ◽  
Volcanic Province ◽  
North West ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Surficial Deposits ◽  
North Greenland

NOTE: This article was published in a former series of GEUS Bulletin. Please use the original series name when citing this article, for example: Dawes, P. R., Thomassen, B., & Andersson, T. H. (2000). A new volcanic province: evidence from glacial erratics in western North Greenland. Geology of Greenland Survey Bulletin, 186, 35-41. https://doi.org/10.34194/ggub.v186.5213 _______________ Mapping and regional geological studies in northern Greenland were carried out during the project Kane Basin 1999 (see Dawes et al. 2000, this volume). During ore geological studies in Washington Land by one of us (B.T.), finds of erratics of banded iron formation (BIF) directed special attention to the till, glaciofluvial and fluvial sediments. This led to the discovery that in certain parts of Daugaard-Jensen Land and Washington Land volcanic rocks form a common component of the surficial deposits, with particularly colourful, red porphyries catching the eye. The presence of BIF is interesting but not altogether unexpected since BIF erratics have been reported from southern Hall Land just to the north-east (Kelly & Bennike 1992) and such rocks crop out in the Precambrian shield of North-West Greenland to the south (Fig. 1; Dawes 1991). On the other hand, the presence of volcanic erratics was unexpected and stimulated the work reported on here.

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