scholarly journals Analysis of cerebrospinal fluid in racemose form of neurocysticercosis

2015 ◽  
Vol 73 (10) ◽  
pp. 852-855 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Bazan ◽  
Newton Satoru Odashima ◽  
Gustavo José Luvizutto ◽  
Pedro Tadao Hamamoto Filho ◽  
Marco Antonio Zanini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Patient Chart ◽  
Inflammatory Pattern ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Lymphocytic Meningitis

The present work aimed to evaluate the pattern of CSF alterations in patients diagnosed with neurocysticercosis (NCC) in racemose form.Method This is a retrospective cohort study of patients with diagnosis of NCC in racemose form. CSF samples from 26 patients were analyzed. After patient-chart analysis was performed descriptive analysis of case studies and comparison between sexes in relation to variables were obtained with CSF by Mann-Whitney and Student’s t-tests.Results The sexes did not differ statistically when compared to pleocytosis in CSF. Eosinophils were present in 31% in samples while the ELISA test presented 80% sensitivity in this case series. Of the patient total, 24 presented a meningitis pattern with lymphocytic predominance.Conclusion There was no difference in inflammatory pattern between the sexes, with predominance of lymphocytic meningitis and 80% sensitivity by ELISA test of CSF patients with racemose form of NCC.

Association of Bacteria Species with Positive Predictive Value of Bacteria Isolated from Cerebrospinal Fluid Cultures: A Retrospective Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Ye ◽  
Guanghui Zheng ◽  
Yueyue Kong ◽  
Jiawei Ma ◽  
Guojun Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Klebsiella Oxytoca ◽  
P Value ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Predictive Values

Abstract Background: Previous studies discuss the positive predictive value through whether the bacteria are coagulase-negative staphylococci. The view may need to be updated. The aim was to evaluate the positive predictive value of different bacteria species isolated from cerebrospinal fluid cultures and discuss the rationality to view coagulase-negative staphylococci as a group.Methods: This retrospective cohort study recruit all adults with positive cerebrospinal fluid cultures sampled by lumbar puncture 2012-2020 in the Department of Neurosurgery. The exposure was bacteria species, and the outcome was positive predictive value. An episode was defined as a patient with one bacteria. When episodes with a bacteria species reached five, the bacteria species was analyzed specifically. The positive predictive value was defined as the incidence of isolated-bacteria-related infected episodes. The isolated-bacteria-related infected episode was defined as the patient was with clinical features of bacterial meningitis, and the improvement was related to sensitive antibacterial agents. Then the differences of the positive predictive value of different bacteria in all specific bacteria species, coagulase-negative staphylococci, and non-coagulase-negative staphylococci bacteria were calculated, respectively. The results were statistically significant when P-value <.05.Results: 1180 episodes from 1133 patients with 79 bacteria were studied; the positive predictive value was 54.3%. The bacteria included 67 bacteria species, ten bacteria genus, viridans streptococci, and unclassified coagulase-negative staphylococci. Twenty-four specific bacteria species were analyzed. The range of positive predictive values of them was 29.4%-100.0% (P<.0001). The positive predictive value for Enterobacter aerogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter cloacae, and Klebsiella oxytoca was the highest, while the positive predictive value for Staphylococcus cohnii was the lowest. Moreover, 767 (65.0%) were with coagulase-negative staphylococci, the positive predictive value was 46.4%, and the range was 29.4%-85.7% (P=.0020); 413 (35.0%) were with non-coagulase-negative staphylococci bacteria, the positive predictive value was 69.0%, and the range was 40.0%-100.0% (P<.0001).Conclusions: This study suggests that the positive predictive value of different bacteria species is different. It is more reasonable to discuss the positive predictive value of bacteria isolated from cerebrospinal fluid cultures through the bacteria species rather than whether they are coagulase-negative staphylococci.Trial registration: This is a retrospective study without interventions on participants.

scholarly journals Factors affecting use of unscheduled care for people with advanced cancer: a retrospective cohort study in Scotland

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (689) ◽  
pp. e860-e868 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Mills ◽  
Deans Buchanan ◽  
Bruce Guthrie ◽  
Peter Donnan ◽  
Blair Smith
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Advanced Cancer ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Clinical Population ◽  
Cancer Type ◽  
Unscheduled Care

BackgroundPeople with advanced cancer frequently attend unscheduled care, but little is known about the factors influencing presentations. Most research focuses on accident and emergency (A&E) and does not consider GP out-of-hours (GPOOH).AimTo describe the frequency and patterns of unscheduled care use by people with cancer in their last year of life and to examine the associations of demographic and clinical factors with unscheduled care attendance.Design and settingRetrospective cohort study of all 2443 people who died from cancer in Tayside, Scotland, during 2012–2015. Clinical population datasets were linked to routinely collected clinical data using the Community Health Index (CHI) number.MethodAnonymised CHI-linked data were analysed in SafeHaven, with descriptive analysis, using binary logistic regression for adjusted associations.ResultsOf the people who died from cancer, 77.9% (n = 1904) attended unscheduled care in the year before death. Among unscheduled care users, most only attended GPOOH (n = 1070, 56.2%), with the rest attending A&E only (n = 204, 10.7%), or both (n = 630, 33.1%). Many attendances occurred in the last week (n =1360, 19.7%), last 4 weeks (n = 2541, 36.7%), and last 12 weeks (n = 4174, 60.3%) of life. Age, sex, deprivation, and cancer type were not significantly associated with unscheduled care attendance. People living in rural areas were less likely to attend unscheduled care: adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 0.64 (95% confidence interval = 0.50 to 0.82). Pain was the commonest coded clinical reason for presenting (GPOOH: n = 482, 10.5%; A&E: n = 336, 28.8%). Of people dying from cancer, n = 514, 21.0%, were frequent users (≥5 attendances/year), and accounted for over half (n = 3986, 57.7%) of unscheduled care attendances.ConclusionUnscheduled care attendance by people with advanced cancer was substantially higher than previously reported, increased dramatically towards the end of life, was largely independent of demographic factors and cancer type, and was commonly for pain and palliative care.

scholarly journals Unique Cerebrospinal Fluid Profiles of Patients With Human Immunodeficiency Virus- Associated Cryptococcal Meningitis With a Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt : A Retrospective Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ran Tao ◽  
Lijun Xu ◽  
Yongzheng Guo ◽  
Xiaoke Xu ◽  
Jiesheng Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Cryptococcal Meningitis ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Ventriculoperitoneal Shunting ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid Protein

Abstract Background: The long-term complications of ventriculoperitoneal shunting in patients with human immunodeficiency virus-associated cryptococcal meningitis remain unclear. We conducted a case-control study investigating the long-term effects of ventriculoperitoneal shunting in patients with human immunodeficiency virus-associated cryptococcal meningitis. Methods: Between January 2011 and December 2019, 112 patients with human immunodeficiency virus-associated cryptococcal meningitis from our hospital were enrolled in this retrospective cohort study. Of those, 30 (26.8%) patients underwent ventriculoperitoneal shunting (VPS group); the remaining (n = 82; 73.2%) were included in the non-VPS group. Survival was estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with ventriculoperitoneal shunting. Results: The VPS group (n=21) had lower cerebrospinal fluid glucose (2.51±0.81 vs. 3.16±0.48 mmol/L; P=0.002) and higher cerebrospinal fluid protein levels (1.37 [0.83–1.49] vs. 0.49 [0.49–0.49] g/L; P=0.011) than did the non-VPS group (n=21). Intracranial pressure decreased from 400 (375–450) to 164 (145–172) mmH2O in the VPS group (log-rank, P<0.001). The 24-week cumulative survival rates in the VPS and non-VPS groups were 100.0% and 79.8%, respectively (P=0.035). The misdiagnosis rates of tuberculous meningitis were 28.6% and 0.0%, respectively (P=0.008). Conclusions: Ventriculoperitoneal shunting decreased the intracranial pressure and 24-week mortality in patients with human immunodeficiency virus-associated cryptococcal meningitis, but significantly increased cerebrospinal fluid protein levels, leading to a higher misdiagnosis rate of tuberculous meningitis. Physicians should be aware of these changes in the cerebrospinal fluid profiles of patients with human immunodeficiency virus-associated cryptococcal meningitis with a ventriculoperitoneal shunt.

A retrospective cohort study patient chart review of neonatal sepsis investigating responsible microorganisms and their antimicrobial susceptibility

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 141 ◽  
Author(s):  
MountasserM Al-Mouqdad ◽  
FaisalA Alaklobi ◽  
FahadH Aljobair ◽  
TariqM Alnizari ◽  
MuhammedYassen Taha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Neonatal Sepsis ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Chart Review ◽  
Study Patient ◽  
Patient Chart

scholarly journals Clinical Outcomes of Bariatric Surgery Among Military Retirees and Beneficiaries: A Retrospective Cohort Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1677-1677
Author(s):  
Joshua Roe ◽  
Brenda Bustillos ◽  
Adam Kieffer
Keyword(s):  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Military Retirees ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
One Year

Abstract Objectives Obesity prevalence is estimated at 34% in U.S. military retirees and 28% in beneficiaries of military healthcare, with common comorbidities being type 2 diabetes (T2D), hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. Stressors experienced during active duty service result in higher risk for disabling musculoskeletal injuries, psychological trauma, and alcohol abuse; all of which debilitate healthy weight loss efforts. No literature exists on the demographics and clinical outcomes of military retirees who elect bariatric surgery. The purpose of this study was to assess demographics and determine clinical outcomes of retirees and beneficiaries following bariatric surgery. It was hypothesized that pre-operative weights and comorbidity remission would be higher in the military retiree group. Methods A retrospective cohort study assessed military retirees and beneficiaries who underwent sleeve gastrectomy or gastric bypass surgery at a military treatment facility in 2014. Percent total weight loss (%TWL) and remission of pre-existing comorbidities (T2D, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia) at one year follow-up were primary outcomes and compared using Student's T tests and chi-squared contingency analysis. Additional statistical analyses included a Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test and backwards stepwise regression. Results Ninety-eight patients (64 beneficiaries and 34 retirees) were included with mean ages of 48 and 52 years, respectively. Student's T test and Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test confirmed that beneficiaries achieved greater %TWL at one year follow-up, 30.2% vs. 25.8% (p &lt; 0.05) and 55.5 vs. 38.2 mean rank (p &lt; 0.01), respectively. Beneficiaries and retirees achieved similar remission of T2D, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. Patient's sex and surgery type were significant predictors of %TWL variation between groups at one year follow-up. These variables accounted for 9% of the %TWL variance. Conclusions Retirees who elect bariatric surgery lose less weight than their beneficiary counterparts. Etiology of this poorer outcome remains unclear, but further research may demonstrate need for improving healthcare resources provided to military retirees. Funding Sources No funding was received to support this study.

scholarly journals Topical vancomycin reduces the cerebrospinal fluid shunt infection rate: A retrospective cohort study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. e0190249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik J. van Lindert ◽  
Martine van Bilsen ◽  
Michiel van der Flier ◽  
Eva Kolwijck ◽  
Hans Delye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Infection Rate ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Shunt Infection ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunt ◽  
Shunt Infection Rate

scholarly journals Parental and Dentist Satisfaction with Primary Anterior Zirconia Crowns: A Case Series Analysis

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 451
Author(s):  
Lawrence Yanover ◽  
William Waggoner ◽  
Ari Kupietzky ◽  
Moti Moskovitz ◽  
Nili Tickotsky
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Retention Rate ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Parental Satisfaction ◽  
Anterior Teeth ◽  
Colour Match ◽  
Zirconia Crowns

This retrospective cohort study evaluated overall parental satisfaction of zirconia crowns (ZC) placed on primary maxillary anterior teeth with that of two independent, blinded dentists. 131 ZC placed in 37 children, aged 24.8–62.2 months (mean = 42.8), who had at least one recall visit a minimum of 6 months after placement were rated (average = 13.3). Crown colour match, crown contour and crown durability were evaluated by parents and compared to photographic evaluations of two independent raters. Overall parental satisfaction was also evaluated. The overall retention rate was 99.7% and parental satisfaction was 100%. Colour match was rated excellent by 84% of parents and 36% of dental evaluators. Crown contour was rated excellent by 97% of parents and 55% of dental evaluators. The length of follow-up had no effect on colour match or crown contour. ZC comprises an aesthetic and durable option for restoring carious primary maxillary incisors and were well-accepted by parents. Parents were less critical than dental evaluators of crown appearance.

scholarly journals Clinical Features and Outcomes of Pediatric Monophasic and Recurrent Idiopathic Optic Neuritis

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soren Jonzzon ◽  
Leena Suleiman ◽  
Andrew Yousef ◽  
Brenda Young ◽  
Janace Hart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Optic Neuritis ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein ◽  
Oligoclonal Bands ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Mog Antibodies

Limited data exist on isolated optic neuritis in children. We report the clinical features and treatment of pediatric subjects with monophasic and recurrent idiopathic optic neuritis. This retrospective cohort study of patients with isolated optic neuritis identified 10 monophasic and 7 recurrent optic neuritis cases. Monophasic optic neuritis patients were older (mean 13.3 ± 4.22) than those with recurrent idiopathic optic neuritis (9.86 ± 3.63). Females represented 50% of monophasic and 85.7% of recurrent idiopathic optic neuritis cases. Patients with monophasic optic neuritis were less likely to have a bilateral onset than recurrent idiopathic optic neuritis (40% vs 57.1%). Only 1 case had oligoclonal bands in the cerebrospinal fluid CSF. Most recurrent idiopathic optic neuritis cases had evidence of anti–myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibodies (5/7). Treatment of recurrent idiopathic optic neuritis cases included intravenous pulse glucocorticosteroids and immunotherapy. We observed differences between recurrent and monophasic idiopathic optic neuritis. Immunosuppression appeared to prevent further relapses in recurrent idiopathic optic neuritis patients. Weaning immunotherapies after several years of quiescence in recurrent idiopathic optic neuritis may be possible, but larger studies are needed.

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