scholarly journals Surgery or surgical defolation in ‘Grand Naine’ banana in the control of black Sigatoka in the state of Rio de Janeiro

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Leonardo Santos Jiménez ◽  
Paulo Sergio Torres Brioso
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
The State ◽  
Black Sigatoka ◽  
Adequate Treatment ◽  
Healthy Leaf ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Direct Benefits

Abstract ‘Grande Naine’ banana (Musa acuminata - AAA) in the municipality of Angra dos Reis (RJ) has been affected by the Black Sigatoka agent, fijiensis Mycosphaerella(current name Pseudocercospora fijiensis); causing losses to local producers, mostly small producers and low-income producers. Since Black Sigatoka was reported in the mentioned municipality, it was aimed to determine control efficiency through surgical measurement or surgical defoliation and to evaluate its effect on banana productivity characteristics. For this purpose, treatment was designed in the form of completely randomized blocks containing three blocks, each block with five plants with treatment (Surgery) and five plants without treatment (Control), in a total of 30 plants with fungal infection. Treatments were performed every 15 days with monthly severity assessments (Weighted Mean of Infection - MPI) by the method of Stover modified by Gauhl. The results obtained at the end of the trial showed significant differences in all variables (Severity, youngest leaf spotted, bunch weight and fruit size), and treatment with surgery provided reduction in severity (MPI) around 58%, thus confirming that plants received adequate treatment according to the results obtained for this methodology, and, contributing to the increase of the healthy leaf area in the youngest leaves, whereas in plants without surgery (Control), severity increased by 14.8% in comparison to the initial MPI evaluation, consequently having a smaller healthy leaf area for the accomplishment of photosynthesis and other physiological processes. In production variables bunch weight, fruit size and number of fruits, differences were significant (Pr> F = 0.0001), reaching an increase in yield of up to 300% when compared to Control. It is therefore an effective method for the control of phytopathogen black sigatoka unpublished in the state of Rio de Janeiro and that will bring direct benefits for Family Agriculture in the region of incidence of this banana disease.

The Poor, the Periphery, and the State in Metropolitan Rio de Janeiro

1987 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 178-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Gondim
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
State Intervention ◽  
Real Income ◽  
The State ◽  
The Core ◽  
Urban Services ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Land Subdivision ◽  
Peripheral Areas

This paper analyzes the socio-economic and political factors accounting for the spatial structure of Metropolitan Rio de Janeiro. Urban services and facilities, as well as upper- and middle-class housing are concentrated in the core. The most poor are segregated to poorly equipped peripheral areas. To the extent that access to urban services is considered a component of real income, spatial segregation reinforces income concentration, a feature of the region's process of economic development. The paper analyzes how state intervention has contributed to this pattern by concentrating investments in the core and immediate periphery, and relocating squatter settlers to suburbs. The state has adopted a laissez-faire attitude towards the periphery, where speculative land subdivision had provided a viable, yet inequitable, housing alternative for the poor. Low-income groups have fought to improve their lot, pressuring against favela removal and for urban improvements in their neighborhoods. They have also used the system to their advantage by becoming petty landlords or land speculators. Although these may be viewed merely as “coping strategies,” their conservative or revolutionary potential is a matter to be assessed empirically. Likewise, whether state policies will be repressive, distributive, or even redistributive cannot be stated beforehand. These policies are shaped not only by structural forces, but also by the political context and the views of government employees.

Integração local da população refugiada no estado do Rio de Janeiro:

Revista Prumo ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 42-53
Author(s):  
Ariane Rego de Paiva ◽  
Roberta Gomes Thomé
Keyword(s):  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
The State ◽  
Refugee Population ◽  
Local Integration

This work presents a problematization about the local integration of refugees as one of the lasting solutions proposed by the UNHCR and the present challenges for the consolidation of policies of social protection for this segment in the state of Rio de Janeiro. This study was made through the bibliographic analisis and systematization of a workshop about the thematics carried with governamental and non-governamental agents and leaderships in the refugee population in the occasion of the seminar Mobility Crossroads: knowledge and practices in protection policies for refugee populations and migrants in vulnerable situation, which occurred in November 2017, organized by Cátedra Sérgio Vieira de Mello of PUC-Rio.

scholarly journals The smart grid as a security device: Electricity infrastructure and urban governance in Kingston and Rio de Janeiro

Urban Studies ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 004209802098571
Author(s):  
Francesca Pilo’
Keyword(s):  
Smart Grid ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Smart Grids ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Urban Governance ◽  
Spatial Inequality ◽  
Technical Failure ◽  
Spatial Inequalities ◽  
Urban Security ◽  
Security Device

This article aims to contribute to recent debates on the politics of smart grids by exploring their installation in low-income areas in Kingston (Jamaica) and Rio de Janeiro (Brazil). To date, much of this debate has focused on forms of smart city experiments, mostly in the Global North, while less attention has been given to the implementation of smart grids in cities characterised by high levels of urban insecurity and socio-spatial inequality. This article illustrates how, in both contexts, the installation of smart metering is used as a security device that embeds the promise of protecting infrastructure and revenue and navigating complex relations framed along lines of socio-economic inequalities and urban sovereignty – here linked to configurations of state and non-state (criminal) territorial control and power. By unpacking the political workings of the smart grid within changing urban security contexts, including not only the rationalities that support its use but also the forms of resistance, contestation and socio-technical failure that emerge, the article argues for the importance of examining the conjunction between urban and infrastructural governance, including the reshaping of local power relations and spatial inequalities, through globally circulating devices.

scholarly journals Qualitative perspectives of the North Carolina healthy food small retailer program among customers in participating stores located in food deserts

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsey Haynes-Maslow ◽  
Stephanie B. Jilcott Pitts ◽  
Kathryn A. Boys ◽  
Jared T. McGuirt ◽  
Sheila Fleischhacker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Food Access ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Food Deserts ◽  
State Legislature ◽  
Healthy Food ◽  
The State ◽  
The North

Abstract Background The North Carolina Healthy Food Small Retailer Program (NC HFSRP) was established through a policy passed by the state legislature to provide funding for small food retailers located in food deserts with the goal of increasing access to and sales of healthy foods and beverages among local residents. The purpose of this study was to qualitatively examine perceptions of the NC HFSRP among store customers. Methods Qualitative interviews were conducted with 29 customers from five NC HFSRP stores in food deserts across eastern NC. Interview questions were related to shoppers’ food and beverage purchases at NC HFSRP stores, whether they had noticed any in-store efforts to promote healthier foods and beverages, their suggestions for promoting healthier foods and beverages, their familiarity with and support of the NC HFSRP, and how their shopping and consumption habits had changed since implementation of the NC HFSRP. A codebook was developed based on deductive (from the interview guide questions) and inductive (emerged from the data) codes and operational definitions. Verbatim transcripts were double-coded and a thematic analysis was conducted based on code frequency, and depth of participant responses for each code. Results Although very few participants were aware of the NC HFSRP legislation, they recognized changes within the store. Customers noted that the provision of healthier foods and beverages in the store had encouraged them to make healthier purchase and consumption choices. When a description of the NC HFSRP was provided to them, all participants were supportive of the state-funded program. Participants discussed program benefits including improving food access in low-income and/or rural areas and making healthy choices easier for youth and for those most at risk of diet-related chronic diseases. Conclusions Findings can inform future healthy corner store initiatives in terms of framing a rationale for funding or policies by focusing on increased food access among vulnerable populations.

scholarly journals The Rotavirus Vaccine Landscape, an Update

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 520
Author(s):  
Roberto Cárcamo-Calvo ◽  
Carlos Muñoz ◽  
Javier Buesa ◽  
Jesús Rodríguez-Díaz ◽  
Roberto Gozalbo-Rovira
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Low Income ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
Cold Chain ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Rotavirus Vaccine ◽  
Oral Vaccines

Rotavirus is the leading cause of severe acute childhood gastroenteritis, responsible for more than 128,500 deaths per year, mainly in low-income countries. Although the mortality rate has dropped significantly since the introduction of the first vaccines around 2006, an estimated 83,158 deaths are still preventable. The two main vaccines currently deployed, Rotarix and RotaTeq, both live oral vaccines, have been shown to be less effective in developing countries. In addition, they have been associated with a slight risk of intussusception, and the need for cold chain maintenance limits the accessibility of these vaccines to certain areas, leaving 65% of children worldwide unvaccinated and therefore unprotected. Against this backdrop, here we review the main vaccines under development and the state of the art on potential alternatives.

On mobulid rays and metals: Metal content for the first Mobula mobular record for the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil and a review on metal ecotoxicology assessments for the Manta and Mobula genera

2021 ◽  
Vol 168 ◽  
pp. 112472
Author(s):  
Rachel Ann Hauser-Davis ◽  
Catarina Amorim-Lopes ◽  
Nathan Lagares Franco Araujo ◽  
Manasi Rebouças ◽  
Ricardo Andrade Gomes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Metal Content ◽  
The State

Suitable environmental areas for commercial timber in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Southeastern Brazil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marinna Lopes F. Gomes ◽  
Dayanne de Oliveira Prado ◽  
Tamires Partélli Correia ◽  
Gustavo Bastos Lyra ◽  
Emanuel José Gomes de Araújo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
The State ◽  
Southeastern Brazil

scholarly journals Larvae of Hysterothylacium sp. (Nematoda: Anisakidae) in the sole fish Paralichthys isosceles Jordan, 1890 (Pisces: Teleostei) from the littoral of the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

2009 ◽  
Vol 166 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 175-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.N. Felizardo ◽  
R.C. Menezes ◽  
R. Tortelly ◽  
M. Knoff ◽  
R.M. Pinto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
The State

Favelas, Affordable Housing, and Authoritarian Urbanism in the Era of Mass Eradication in Rio de Janeiro, 1960s–1970s

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leandro Benmergui
Keyword(s):  
Affordable Housing ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Social Science Research ◽  
Urban Infrastructure ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Military Regimes ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Right ◽  
The City

As the number of favelas and poor residents of Rio de Janeiro grew quickly by the mid-20th century, they became the object of policymaking, social science research, real estate speculation, and grassroots mobilization. After a decade in which local authorities recognized the de facto presence of favelas but without legally ascertaining the right of permanence, the 1960s and early 1970s witnessed the era of mass eradication. Seemingly contradictory—but complementary—policies also included the development of massive low-income housing complexes and innovative community development and favela urbanization experiences empowered by community organizations with the assistance of experts committed to improving the lives of poor Cariocas (residents of Rio). Favelas in Rio were at the crossroads of a particular interplay of forces: the urgent need to modernize Rio’s obsolete and inadequate urban infrastructure; the new administrative status of the city after the inauguration of Brasilia; and the redefinition of the balance of power between local, municipal, and federal forces in a time of radical politics and authoritarian and technocratic military regimes, Cold War diplomacy, and the transnational flows of expertise and capital.

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