Swine manure on the control of damping-off in beetroot seedlings

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of swine manure (SM) doses applied to soils showing pH of 4.8 and 7.2 on the control of damping-off in beetroot seedlings caused by Rhizoctonia solani. To set the trial, plastic bags were filled with 4 kg soil (pH levels of 4.8 and 7.2) and 15 g R. solani inoculum kg soil-1. This mixture was moistened, homogenized and kept in a greenhouse for seven days. Following this period, SM doses (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20%) were incorporated into the bags, which were again stored in a greenhouse. After seven days, part of the soil from each plastic bag was separately placed into 16 cells of a 128-cell polystyrene tray, and two beetroot seeds were sown per cell. Seedling emergence and damping-off were evaluated for 21 consecutive days. The other part of the soil was used for microbial activity quantification based on the CO2 release method at 7, 14 and 21 days. The trial was conducted in a completely randomized design, with four replicates per treatment, and repeated twice. All tested SM doses reduced the number of damped-off beetroot seedlings in both trials, and the greatest disease control was provided by treatments that had SM doses of 15% and 20% applied to soil showing pH level of 7.2. In addition, regardless of the pH level, all tested SM doses increased soil microbial activity.

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Responses of Soil Microbial Activity to Swine Manure Applications

Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.5539/jas.v12n9p199 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (9) ◽

pp. 199

Author(s):

Maria Josiane Martins ◽

Tânia Santos Silva ◽

Igor Paranhos Caldas ◽

Geovane Teixeira de Azevedo ◽

Isabelle Carolyne Cardoso ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Microbial Biomass ◽

Microbial Activity ◽

Microbial Respiration ◽

Swine Manure ◽

Soil Microbial Activity ◽

Soil Microbial ◽

Liquid Swine Manure ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Set Up ◽

The Impact

The allocation of the large amount of swine waste from farms is an international concern. An efficient way of managing such waste is its use in farming. It is already known that the incorporation of organic waste into the soil significantly increases the microbial population. Therefore, the objective was to evaluate the impact of the use of swine manure on the soil microbiota in a Eutrophic Oxisol. The experiment was set up in a completely randomized design in a 6 × 4 factorial scheme (sixconcentrations of swine manure and four evaluation periods) with four replications. We evaluate the following characteristics: microbial respiration (C-CO2), microbial biomass (µC g-1 soil) and pH.: microbial respiration (C-CO2), microbial biomass (µC g-1 soil) and pH. A significant effect was found in the interaction between concentrations and time of incubation (p < 0.05) of swine manure on microbial activity in the soil. The amount of microbial carbon increased as a function of increased levels of liquid swine manure. No interaction was observed between concentrations and time of incubation for the pH. The evaluation of the isolated factors allowed to observe that the pH decreased as the doses of manure were incremented. Higher and lower pH values were found after 5 and 30 days of incubation. The application of liquid swine manure up to 6000 L ha-1 increases the release of CO2 and carbon in the microbial biomass. The applications of liquid swine manure cause a gradual reduction in soil pH.

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Type and quantity of biochar influenced soil microbial activity and carbon priming effect

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2019v40n4p1405 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 40 (4) ◽

pp. 1405

Author(s):

José Ilmar Tínel de Carvalho Junior ◽

Maria Isidória Silva Gonzaga ◽

André Quintão de Almeida ◽

Jady Araújo ◽

Lúcia Catherinne Oliveira Santos

Keyword(s):

Microbial Activity ◽

Priming Effect ◽

Microbial Respiration ◽

Soil Microbial Activity ◽

Soil Microbial ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Different Types ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Set Up ◽

Bagasse Biochar

Biochar has shown much potential to be used as soil amendment and conditioner as well as an effective alternative to waste disposal. However, the effect of biochar on soil organic matter varies according to the type of feedstock. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of different types and rates of application of biochar on soil microbial activity and on soil carbon priming effect. The incubation experiment was set up as a completely randomized design in a 2 x 5 factorial scheme, with two types of biochar (coconut husk and orange bagasse) and five rates of application (0, 5, 10, 15 and 30 t ha-1), with three replications. Soil microbial activity was evaluated through the concentration of CO2 released from the soil during a period of 130 days. Carbon priming effect was determined based on the CO2 respired in the biochar treated soil and in the control soil. Both biochars increased the total oxidizable carbon in the soil when they were applied at 30 t ha-1, however, the orange bagasse biochar was more effective than the coconut biochar. Coconut biochar increased the cumulative soil microbial respiration at all rates of application during the incubation period, therefore, it contributed to a positive carbon priming effect and should be applied with caution to avoid excessive loss of carbon from the soil. Orange bagasse biochar had little influence on the cumulative CO2 emission, except at 15 t ha-1, which increased soil microbial activity.

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Response of soil microbiota to nine-year application of swine manure and urea

Ciência Rural ◽

10.1590/0103-8478cr20140565 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 46 (2) ◽

pp. 260-266 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Diana Morales ◽

Mónica Machado Vargas ◽

Michele Pottes de Oliveira ◽

Bruna Lunarde Taffe ◽

Jucinei Comin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Microbial Activity ◽

Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽

Soil Layer ◽

Swine Manure ◽

Soil Microbial Activity ◽

Basal Respiration ◽

Pig Slurry ◽

Soil Microbial ◽

Tillage System

ABSTRACT: Manure fertilization is a common practice, but little is known about its impacts on soil microbial activity and organic matter. Aiming to evaluate soil microbial response to nine years of successive applications of swine manure, organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), pH, microbial biomass carbon (MBC), basal respiration (BR), metabolic quotient (qCO2), and enzyme (ß-glucosidase, phosphatase, arylsulphatase, and FDA) activities were measured in the 0-10cm soil layer, in a no-tillage system. Treatments were: control soil without fertilization (C), and application of two doses (104 and 209kg of N ha-1year-1) of urea (U1 and U2), pig slurry (PS1 and PS2) and deep litter (DL1 and DL2). TOC, TN, soil pH, MBC, and BR increased in soil fertilized with DL, and were lower in U treatments. Soils with U and DL application had higher qCO2, related to different sources of stressors like nutrient imbalance. Phosphatase and ß-glucosidase activities were not affected by treatments, increased with time, and had a strong correlation with MBC. We conclude that long-term swine manure applications increase microbial activity and soil organic matter, mainly in DL form; while urea applications have negative impacts on these indicators.

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Soil microbial activity and hairy beggarticks’ germination after application of crude glycerin

Revista CERES ◽

10.1590/0034-737x201764020007 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 64 (2) ◽

pp. 151-158

Author(s):

Matheus Ramos Caixeta ◽

Saul Jorge Pinto de Carvalho ◽

Poliana Coste e Colpa ◽

Márcio Donizetti de Andrade ◽

Breno Régis Santos

Keyword(s):

Microbial Activity ◽

Plant Development ◽

Agricultural Soils ◽

Block Design ◽

Soil Microbial Activity ◽

Crude Glycerin ◽

Soil Microbial ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

By Products

ABSTRACT Biodiesel stands out as an alternative for petroleum-based products, but its production generates a large amount of by-products. This study was carried out at the Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Sul de Minas Gerais, Campus Machado, with the objective of evaluating the impacts of the disposal of crude glycerin on agricultural soil and its microbial activity as well as in plant development. An experiment with a completely randomized design, five treatments, and five replicates was developed in the laboratory to analyze microbial activity. Soil samples of 100 g were incubated for 36 days with concentrations of crude glycerin, namely: 0; 48.7; 146.1; 292.2 L ha-1. Besides these four treatments, flasks without soil and glycerin have composed one more treatment. During this period, the CO2 volume released in each sample was evaluated 11 times. Another experiment was developed in the laboratory with hairy beggarticks’ achenes to evaluate crude glycerin effects on plant development. A randomized complete block design was used in a 4x2 factorial scheme, with five replicates, the same glycerin concentrations, and two glycerin sources (laboratory and biodiesel plant-unit). Crude glycerin stimulated soil microbial activity for doses of up to 143.83 L ha-1, being a positive indicative for future studies on its application to agricultural soils. Glycerin applications reduced the hairy beggarticks’ root protrusion, even at the lowest doses. Residues have Na+ contents that limit their application in agricultural soils.

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