Failure of the semi-authoritarian system: Losing ways of absorbing public voices into the post-handover Hong Kong government

2021 ◽  
pp. 205789112110649
Author(s):  
Fung Chan
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
The Past ◽  
Advisory System ◽  
Public Sentiment ◽  
Policy Making Process ◽  
The Government ◽  
Occupy Central ◽  
Public Views

In the past decade, Hong Kong has undergone various large-scale protests, such as the 2014 Occupy Central and the 2019 Anti-Extradition Protests. One of the reasons for such popular grievance was that the government could not grasp the change in public sentiment and opinion. Before the handover, although the governor held the centralized power, the colonial authorities still had ways to collect public opinions to avoid departing from the citizens’ views. The model was called the ‘administrative absorption of politics’. The Chinese authorities attempted to preserve the original advisory system to depoliticize the policy-making process after the handover. This article contributes to the understanding of the development of the cooptation system in Hong Kong and its failure in the 2010s based on the insights of legislators. It also highlights the importance of participation and salient control in the cooptation system to balance public views in a semi-authoritarian society.

scholarly journals The sources for orthodox and heterodox trade and industrial policies in Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 580-602 ◽  
Author(s):  
JAN-ULRICH ROTHACHER
Keyword(s):  
Policy Process ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Car Industry ◽  
Industrial Policies ◽  
The Past ◽  
Private Interests ◽  
Brazilian Government ◽  
Policy Making Process ◽  
The Government ◽  
Private Actors

ABSTRACT: The Brazilian government has over the past years promulgated a mix of orthodox and heterodox policies for Brazil's economic development. This paper seeks to test whether the existing economic ideas have been prescriptive in formulating the policies, or whether they have been the outcome of the "infusion of private interests" (Katzenstein, 1978) in the policy making process. To this end, the paper charts the origins of the unilateral opening for trade in the agribusiness and contrasts them with the policy process in the car industry, where trade barriers have been erected. The article will identify the channels through which private actors informed the government's interventions and show that the industry bodies have largely prodded the government. The resulting policy maze has left both the representatives of the orthodox as well those of the heterodox approach unsatisfied and has failed to halt Brazil's dwindling manufacturing capabilities.

scholarly journals Signifikansi Pengaruh Sentimen Pemberlakuan PSBB Terhadap Aspek Ekonomi: Pengaruh Pada Nilai Tukar Rupiah dan Stock Return (Studi Kasus Pandemi Covid-19)

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-239
Author(s):  
Irma Lestari Made
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Stock Returns ◽  
Stock Return ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Public Sentiment ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Government

The Large-Scale Social Limitation Policy (Pembatasan Sosial Berskala Besar/PSBB) was chosen by the Indonesian government in responding to the pandemic covid-19. The PSBB policy is preferred by the government to be implemented instead of lockdown. Much controversy in public over the PSBB policy has built the sentiment. Consideration of the economic aspects has been the main reason in making these policies. With consideration of the state of the Indonesian economy, the government believes that this policy is an effective and efficient pathway with a note that the public will be able to conduct pandemic covid-19 health protocol discipline and form herd immunity. This study aims to evaluate the effect of the implementation of the PSBB which has an impact on public sentiment fluctuations, using secondary stock return data on blue-chip stocks and the rupiah exchange rate in the range of time before and after the implementation of the PSBB begun, April 10, 2020. Wilcoxon test is used as data analysis tool of nonparametric statistics. The test results stated that the exchange rate of the rupiah against the US dollar was significantly affected by public sentiment towards the implementation of the PSBB, while the stock return was not significantly affected. Several factors beyond the implementation of PSBB need to be considered in influencing stock returns as well as the rupiah exchange rate.

生活困擾: 試論九七前後香港的貧窮問題

2004 ◽  
Vol 38 (01n02) ◽  
pp. 73-90
Author(s):  
宏泰 鄭 ◽  
紹倫 黃
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Effective Action ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Social Stability ◽  
The Past ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Household Survey Data ◽  
The Government ◽  
Working Situation

本文嘗試引用自1988至2001年期間所進行的全港性社會指標調查資料，分析香港的貧窮問題。從數據上看，我們發現香港社會已明顯地出現“貧者愈貧”的現象。若受訪者是來自低教育、低收入以至低技術階層的話，他們陷入貧窮困局的機會便愈大。受訪的貧窮者當中對家庭、個人以至工作各方面的不滿情緒，往往較那些生活條件充裕者大；至於對經濟環境、就業和政府管治方面的怨憤，也較為強烈。以上各種趨勢，不但十分突顯，而且有愈來愈嚴重的傾向，值得當局小心處理。 With reference to the territory-wide household survey data that was obtained from 1988 to 2001, this paper tries to analyze the poverty problem in Hong Kong before and after the hand-over. Our data clearly shows that in the past one and a half decades, the poverty problem has become worst. In comparison with the well-off families, respondents who came from the poorer families have become more dissatisfied with the living environment, the working situation, economic prospectus as well as the administration of the government. If the government would not take effective action to solve this worsening poverty problem, the foundation of the territory's social stability will be threatened.

Evolution versus Tradition in Marketing Systems: The Hong Kong Food-Retailing Experience

2005 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suk-Ching Ho
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Policy Implementation ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Food Retailing ◽  
System Environment ◽  
Context Sensitive ◽  
The Past ◽  
Marketing Systems ◽  
The Government

By examining the Hong Kong food-retailing experience spanning the past five decades, this article demonstrates how the forces of evolution and tradition drive the development of the industry to the state it is today. It illustrates how the three major players—consumers, marketers, and government entities—within the aggregate marketing system environment interact in ways that shape the structure of the food-retailing system across time. The author argues that when significant economic and social consequences are at stake, public policy must be called into play as a check and balance to companies. The author emphasizes the need to develop context-sensitive approaches to policy implementation on the part of both the government and firms to ensure that the system can maximally operate to serve the needs of the broader society.

scholarly journals Policy Simulation of Electricity-Based Vehicle Utilization in Indonesia (Electrified Vehicle - HEV, PHEV, BEV and FCEV)

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Indra Chandra Setiawan
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Energy Security ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Policy Simulation ◽  
Emerging Industries ◽  
The Past ◽  
General Plan ◽  
Transportation Sector ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
The Government

In the past few years, the energy consumption of the land transportation sector has increased considerably. One of the breakthroughs by the Government through Presidential Regulation No. 22/2017 concerning General Plan for National Energy (RUEN) is the use of electricity-based vehicles to reduce fuel consumption and achieve energy security. Successful policy making for emerging industries depends on two main factors: the adoption of scientific perspectives and accuracy to predict impacts. Therefore, this review aims to conduct a study of policy simulation methodologies related to the use of electric vehicles in Indonesia. Also, identification of the gaps and limitations of previous research is carried out and recommending an agenda for further research.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study on the Factors and Process of the Changes in the Labor Policy -Analysis on the Revisions in the Labor Relations Law-

1999 ◽  
Vol 14 (0) ◽  
pp. 61-74
Author(s):  
Seonil Cho
Keyword(s):  
Policy Change ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Labor Policy ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Policy Changes ◽  
Labor Management ◽  
Political Factors ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
Policy Making Process ◽  
The Government

The purpose of this study is to analyze the reason and process of labor policy changes in Korea. For this purpose, I analyzed three cases which were made respectively in 1980, 1987, and 1997. An analytical tool for policy change process is basically modified from the view point of policy making process theory, adaptable to the Korean situation. In the authoritative government period, political factors were most influential to changes in the labor policy. But through the process of democratization, socio-economic factors are more influential on the change of labor-management relations acts than that of others. Besides, the changes in the policy making process and the policy contents are mainly affected by the power relations among labor-management-government. Also, the government took the initiative in the process of labor policy making. Accordingly, political factors were most influential on the agenda-setting phase of labor policy changes. But because of the democratization of society and the growth of the private sector, the role of government is increasingly restricted. As a result, the three participants of the labor policy change are now interacting strategically. Therefore, Policy change is mainly determined by the power balance among labor-management-government relations. Korean labor-management relations acts are generally outlined by the macro-factors such as political, economic and social factors. The revision of labor-management relations acts are less affected by the characteristics of the policy making system. The revision of individual labor-management relations acts are more affected by the economic factors, while that of the collective labor-management relations acts are more affected by political factors.

scholarly journals Disentangling the complexity of India ’s agricultural sector

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 35-42
Author(s):  
Jayanth Raghothama ◽  
Sebastiaan Meijer ◽  
Robin King
Keyword(s):  
Policy Making ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Rural Poverty ◽  
Institutional Arrangement ◽  
Agricultural System ◽  
Agricultural Policies ◽  
Field Validation ◽  
Current State ◽  
Policy Making Process ◽  
The Government

Agricultural policies in India directly impact the livelihoods of close to two thirds of India’s population. Through policies, the government manages food security, urban and rural poverty, energy, and infrastructure, among others. Given the current state of India’s governance, the connection between policy making and its results in society becomes a key issue for research. This paper presents a game for use as a research instrument. The game can facilitate research into the policy making process at various levels of the government in India. The design is intended to understand the complexity of the institutional arrangement that defines and implements agricultural policies. The game integrates with other games that simulate other aspects of the agricultural system in India. The paper presents the verification and validation cycles followed, and identifies further steps for field validation.

scholarly journals Efektivitas Penetapan PSBB Dalam Menurunkan Perilaku Konsumtif Masyarakat Pada Masa Covid-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-98
Author(s):  
Muhammad Fikri Haekal ◽  
Muhammad Supian ◽  
Winda Sabrina
Keyword(s):  
Policy Making ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
The Public ◽  
Hand Sanitizer ◽  
The World ◽  
The Government ◽  
Consumptive Behavior ◽  
Buying In ◽  
Modern Retailers

The spread of virus covid-19 nowadays has influenced the behavior of people around the world, with Indonesians are no exceptions. Shortly after President Joko Widodo announced 1 or 2 patient positive with covid-19, the public is seen doing panic buying in a number of modern retailers. In some cases like buying large amount of hand sanitizer until it became rare on the market. The effect of covid-19 also caused the government to established Large-Scale Social Restrictions (PSBB) policy in areas that going through high cases of covid-19 spreading with the aim of preventing chances of wider spread. However, whether the establishment of PSBB has an influence on consumptive behavior of people living in those areas?. To answer this problem, researchers conducted an experiment related to effectiveness of the establishment of PSBB policy to people in Banjarmasin. This city was chosen because it is one of the areas which the government adopted PSBB policy, making it easier for researchers to collecting necessary data in this study.   Keywords: covid-19, consumptive behavior, PSBB, Banjarmasin City   Abstrak Penyebaran virus covid-19 saat ini telah mempengaruhi perilaku masyarakat di dunia, tidak terkecuali masyarakat Indonesia. Tak lama setelah Presiden Joko Widodo mengumumkan 1 dan 2 pasien yang positif covid-19, masyarakat terlihat melakukan aksi panic buying di sejumlah ritel modern. Seperti dalam beberapa kasus ada yang membeli hand sanitizer dalam jumlah yang sangat banyak sehingga hand sanitizer menjadi sesuatu yang langka di pasaran. Pengaruh virus covid-19 ini juga menyebabkan pemerintah menetapkan Pembatasan Sosial Berskala Besar (PSBB) pada daerah-daerah yang mengalami kasus penyebaran covid-19 yang sedemikian rupa dengan tujuan mencegah kemungkinan penyebaran yang lebih luas. Namun, apakah penetapan PSBB tersebut memberikan pengaruh terhadap perilaku konsumtif masyarakat yang tinggal di daerah tersebut?. Untuk menjawab permasalahan ini, penulis melakukan penelitian eksperimen terkait efektivitas penetapan PSBB tersebut pada masyarakat kota Banjarmasin. Kota Banjarmasin dipilih karena merupakan salah satu daerah yang ditetapkannya PSBB oleh pemerintah. Sehingga memudahkan penulis dalam mengumpulkan data yang dibutuhkan dalam penelitian ini. Kata kunci: covid-19, perilaku konsumtif, PSBB, kota Banjarmasin

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