scholarly journals RADIOLOGICAL STUDY OF MEGACOLON IN TRYPANOSOMA CRUZI INFECTED RATS

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Edmundo Rodrigues FONTES ◽  
Ana Paula de ABREU ◽  
Aretuza Zaupa GASPARIM
Keyword(s):  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Group A ◽  
Time Of Infection ◽  
Group B ◽  
Digital Caliper

ABSTRACT Background: Researches on Chagas disease still use several animals and rats, due to size and susceptibility were preferred by many authors. Aim: To develop an experimental model of megacolon in rats inoculated with the strain Y of Trypanosoma cruzi. Methods: Thirty male Wistar rats were distributed in three groups inoculated with different inoculants: Group A: 600000, Group B: 1000000 and Group C: 1500000 blood trypomastigotes of T. cruzi. Animals were sedated intramuscularly at zero inoculation time (T0) and 60 days after inoculation (T60), to perform the barium enema in order to evaluate the dilatation of the different segments of colon in a comparative study of the measurements obtained, using a digital caliper. Evidence of infection was performed by blood smear collected from the animal’s tail 18 days after inoculation with observation of blood forms. Results: Comparing the intestinal diameter of the inoculated animals with 60,0000 trypomastigotes in the T0 of infection with T60 days after the inoculation, significant dilatation was observed between the proximal, medial and distal segments (p<0.01), indicating the establishment of the megacolon model. In addition, comparing intestinal diameter between the different segments, with in the T0 of infection and the T60 after inoculation, significant alterations were observed (p<0.05). Conclusion: The proposed model was possible for in vivo studies of alterations due to infection by T. cruzi and functional alterations of the colon. In addition, the changes manifested in the colon are not directly proportional to the size of the inoculum, but to the time of infection that the animals were submitted, since the animals inoculated with 60,0000 blood forms were the ones which presented the most significant alterations.

scholarly journals The effects of Roux-en-Y limb length on gastric emptying and enterogastric reflux in rats

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robson Azevedo Dutra ◽  
Wemberton Martins Araújo ◽  
José Ivan de Andrade
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Limb Length ◽  
Roux Limb ◽  
Short Limb ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Enterogastric Reflux

PURPOSE: To assess the effects of Roux-en-Y jejunal limb length on gastric emptying and enterogastric reflux. METHODS: Seventy male Wistar rats were submitted to antrectomy with Roux-en-Y reconstruction and then were divided into two groups of 35 animals. Group A, short limb (7.5 cm) and Group B, standard limb (15 cm). Group A and B were subdivided into five subgroups each in order to study enterogastric reflux at 30 and 60 minutes and to evaluate gastric emptying at 5, 10 and 15 minutes. In order to measure gastric emptying and enterogastric reflux, radiotracers 99m Tc-Phytate and 99m Tc-DISIDA were respectively used. RESULTS: For gastric emptying, the radiotracer concentration was lower in Group A than in Group B after five minutes. The enterogastric reflux was present, but there were no significant differences between enterogastric reflux indexes concerning both A and B Groups. CONCLUSION: A standard Roux limb, besides being unable to protect the stomach from the enterogastric reflux, may become a functional barrier for gastric emptying.

scholarly journals In Vivo Study on Site of Action of Sinapine Thiocyanate following Acupoint Herbal Patching

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shan Chen ◽  
Yu-Tong Jin ◽  
Zheng-Yang Zhu ◽  
Ling-Tao Wu ◽  
Ping Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Profile ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Site Of Action ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group B ◽  
Group D

Objective. To investigate the site of action of sinapine thiocyanate (ST), following acupoint herbal patching (AHP). Methods. Twenty Wistar rats were randomized into five groups (groups A, B, C, D, and E), and all groups received the same AHP in vivo. Skin samples were excised at 2 h, 4 h, 6 h, 10 h, and 26 h after AHP administration from group A to group E separately and the concentrations of ST in the skin were determined using a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method. A pharmacokinetic profile of ST following AHP was performed at the same time in a group of five Wistar rats to detect plasma levels at the same time intervals. Results. The mean ± SD ST concentrations (ng/ml) at 2 h (group A), 4 h (group B), 6 h (group C), 10 h (group D), and 26 h (group E) after AHP administration were 250.01±61.99, 61.01±30.41, 40.12±26.94, 78.66±59.43, and 19.55±18.95, respectively. No ST was detected in rats’ plasma samples at the same time points. Conclusions. The site of action of ST following AHP is in the skin.

scholarly journals Memory Improvement Effect of Ethanol Garlic (A. sativum) Extract in Streptozotocin-Nicotinamide Induced Diabetic Wistar Rats Is Mediated through Increasing of Hippocampal Sodium-Potassium ATPase, Glutamine Synthetase, and Calcium ATPase Activities

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Semuyaba ◽  
Abass Alao Safiriyu ◽  
Emmanuel Ayikobua Tiyo ◽  
Remón Figueredo Niurka
Keyword(s):  
Glutamine Synthetase ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Calcium Atpase ◽  
Garlic Extract ◽  
Memory Improvement ◽  
Improvement Effect ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Studies suggest that garlic (A. sativum) improves memory dependent on the hippocampus. However, the effect of ethanol garlic extract on hippocampus Na+/K+ATPase, Ca2+ATPase, and glutamine synthetase (GS) activities as possible mechanisms in memory improvement in diabetic Wistar rats has not been reported. Twenty-four male Wistar rats weighing 200–250 g were divided into three groups with 8 rats each. Group (A), normal control rats, and Group (B), diabetic rats, received 1 ml of normal saline; diabetic rats in Group (C) received 1000 mg/kg of garlic extract orally for 21 days. Hyperglycemia was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin 60 mg/kg followed by 120 mg/kg nicotinamide while extraction of garlic was done by cold maceration method. Memory was tested in all groups. After that, the rats were sacrificed, the brain was removed, and the hippocampi were carefully excised and then homogenized. Activities of Na+/K+ATPase, calcium ATPase, and GS were analyzed from the homogenate. Results showed improvement in memory and a significant increase(P<0.05)in hippocampus Na+/K+ATPase, Ca2+ATPase, and GS activities in diabetic rats treated with garlic extract. In conclusion, the increased activity of hippocampus Na+/K+ATPase, calcium ATPase, and glutamine synthetase may account for the memory improvement.

scholarly journals Morphological and Biochemical Effects of Aqueous Extract of Moringa oleifera Leaf on Cobalt Chloride-Induced Cerebral Damage in Adult Wistar Rats

2021 ◽  
pp. 46-57
Author(s):  
A. J. Ajibade ◽  
A. E. Okeleye ◽  
I. A. Ogunmola
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Cobalt Chloride ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Group D ◽  
The Brain

Cobalt induces hypoxia in the brain which leads to oxygen deprivation resulting in cognitive disturbance and decreased motor control. This study evaluated the effect of Moringa oleifera extract on the cobalt chloride-induced cerebral cortex of adult male wistar rats.  40 male wistar rats weighing (90 ± 120g) were used for the study and they were divided into 5 groups with each group containing 8 rats. Group A served as control which received distilled water, Group B was treated orally with Cobalt chloride at dose 45 mg/kg, Group C received cobalt chloride 45 mg/kg + low dose of Moringa oleifera extract 250 mg/kg for 52 days, Group D treated with cobalt chloride 45 mg/kg + high dose of Moringa oleifera extract 500 mg/kg and Group E treated with 500 mg/kg Moringa oleifera extract only and rats were sacrificed on the 53rd day by cervical dislocation. The brain of each rat was removed and weighed before half was fixed in formol calcium for histological analysis and the second half was used for oxidative stress parameters. The mean body weight of the wistar rats in group C and E increased significantly (P <0.05) while it decreased significantly (P <0.05) in group D. The biochemical analysis shows a significant increase (P<0.05) in the level of MDA in group B and a significant decrease (P<0.05) in group E. additionally, NO level shows a significant increase (P<0.05) in group B compared with control. SDH activity decreased significantly in group C, D, and E. Microscopic examination of the cerebral cortex in group B, C and D showed degenerative changes compared with normal histological features in A and E. The study concluded that cobalt chloride induced cerebral cortical damage while administration of Moringa oleifera extract attenuated the toxic effect of cobalt chloride in wistar rats.

scholarly journals Biocompatible Hydrogel for Intra-Articular Implantation Comprising Cationic and Anionic Polymers of Natural Origin: In Vivo Evaluation in a Rabbit Model

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 4426
Author(s):  
Karina L. Bierbrauer ◽  
Roxana V. Alasino ◽  
Fernando E. Barclay ◽  
Eduardo M. Belotti ◽  
Hugo H. Ortega ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Cartilage Damage ◽  
Rabbit Model ◽  
Left Knee ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
In Vivo Evaluation ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
The Right

We describe the functional capability of a cross-linked hydrogel composed of sulfated glycosaminoglycans and a cationic cellulose by conducting trials on experimental animal models using intra-articular implants to treat an articular disease called osteoarthritis. Forty-eight mature New Zealand white rabbits were divided into three experimental groups: A, B, and C. Group A and B underwent unilateral anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) of the right knee. Subsequently, both knees of group A were treated with the injectable formulation under study. Meanwhile, group B was treated with sterile PBS (placebo). The animals of group C were surgically operated in both knees: Commercial hyaluronic acid (HA) was implanted in the left knee, and the formulation under study was implanted in the right knee. After implantation, all specimens underwent several evaluations at 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively. At 6 months, no significant differences were detected between the right and left knees of the different groups. However, significant differences were observed between both knees at 12 months in group C, with less cartilage damage in the right knees implanted with our hydrogel. Therefore, in vivo studies have demonstrated hydrogel safety, superior permanence, and less cartilage damage for long-term follow up 12 months after implantation for the formulation under study compared with commercial HA.

scholarly journals Neuroprotective effects of Buchholzia coriacea seed extract on sodium azide-induced neurotoxicity of the prefrontal cortex of Wistar rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 1635-1646
Author(s):  
T.A. Abayomi ◽  
O.S. Tokunbo ◽  
O David ◽  
O.O. Obembe ◽  
B.J. Dare
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Sodium Azide ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Biochemical Analysis ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Group A ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Group B ◽  
Group D

This study was designed to evaluate the therapeutic potentials and neuroprotective effects of methanol extract of Buchholzia coriacea (BC) seeds on sodium azide (NaN3) induced neurotoxicity of the prefrontal cortex in male Wistar rats. Neurotoxicity occurs as a result of exposure to neurotoxins in the environment, of which NaN3 is a potent neurotoxin. Thirty male Wistar rats were were randomly divided into 5 groups. Group A were administered with distilled water. Group B was administered with NaN3 for 28 days. Group C was administered with NaN3 for 28 days and thereafter B. coriacea for 21 days. Group D was administered with B. coriacea for 21 days and then NaN3 for 28 days. Group E was administered with only B. coriacea for 21 days. After treatment, neurobehavioral assessment was carried out after which the rats were sacrificed, and the prefrontal cortex excised. The prefrontal cortex was then processed for histological and biochemical analysis (SOD, MDA, GSH, and CAT). Pre-treatment and post-treatment with Buchholzia coriacea revitalized the cells of the Prefrontal cortex which were damaged by NaN3 exposure. Oxidative stress levels also decreased as a result of B. coriacea treatment, suggesting neuroprotective effects of Buchholzia Coriacea.Keywords: Buchholzia coriacea, Sodium Azide, Neurodegeration, Prefrontal cortex

scholarly journals The effect of Dichlorvous (Sniper) Inhalation on the Histology of the Lungs of Adult Male Wistar Rats

2021 ◽  
pp. 58-67
Author(s):  
A. E. Anyabolu ◽  
D. N. Ezejindu ◽  
B. N. Obinwa
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Water Feed ◽  
Group A ◽  
Cervical Dislocation ◽  
Group B ◽  
Histological Architecture ◽  
Group D

The organophosphate, dichlorvous (Otapia-pia) formulated in varying concentrations as insecticides is utilized by several individuals in most remote places of Nigeria due to its affordable value and accessibility. However, this present study is conducted to investigate the adverse effect of the exposure of this substance on the respiratory system (lungs) of male albino wistar rats. Twenty (20) albino wistar rats comprising of all males weighing between 150-230g were divided into four groups (A-D) of five animals each. Group A received only water, feed, and served as the control. Group B was exposed to dichlorvous inhalation 3hrs daily for a period of two weeks; Group C was exposed to dichlorvous inhalation 6hrs daily for a period of two weeks; while Group D was exposed to dichlorvous inhalation 10hrs daily for a period of two weeks. Twenty four hours after the last exposure, the animals were sacrificed by cervical dislocation and dissected. The lungs were weighed and fixed in 10% formal saline for histological studies. The body weight of the experimental groups decreased insignificantly when compared with the control group. The lungs weight increased significantly when compared to the control groups. Histological observation revealed a moderate to severe effects on the lungs with severe consolidated inflammatory exudates (discharge of fluids from pores), a moderate intra-alveoli hemorrhage, and a severe dilation of alveolar septa which is evident as emphysematous changes. This result revealed that the exposure to dichlorvous causes distortion of the normal histological architecture of the lungs. Thus, showing that dichlorvous inhalation influences the normal physiologic mechanisms of the lungs.

scholarly journals Biochemical implication of administration ofmethanol extract of Ocimum gratissimum leaf on haematological profile of Wistar rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-98
Author(s):  
Dasofunjo Kayode ◽  
Obem O. Okwari ◽  
Ujong P. Ujong ◽  
Boniface U. Ati ◽  
Christopher O. Igwe
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Haematological Profile ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
And Control ◽  
Group D ◽  
Ameliorative Measure

In the search for medicinal plants that will provide ameliorative measure to patients with anaemic disorders. The methanol extract of O. gratissimum leaf was administered to Wistar rats for its effect on haematological profile. Twenty-eight (28) male Wistar rats ranging from 180-200g was randomly picked and placed into plastic cages labeled A-D. Group A served as the control group while groups B-D was the test groups. The  animals in group A was administered with distilled water orally by gavage. Group B were administered 50mg/ kg body weight of methanol extract of O. gratissimum, group C were administered with 100mg/kg bodyweight while group D were administered with 200mg/body of methanol extract of O. gratissimum for 14 days. Blood was collected from all the test rats and control by cardiac puncture using disposable syringe and needle then dispensed into tubes containing EDTA. The extract displayed a significant increase (p<0.05) in RBCs, Hb, PCV and platelet counts. More so, the  extract produced no significant (p>0.05)difference in MCV, MCH, MCHC and RDW WBC counts when compared with the normal control .Therefore, it will be logical to conclude that the extract of O. gratissimum might be a panacea in the management of anaemic conditions when properly harnessed due to its erythropoietic, haematopoietic and thrombopoietic effect. Keywords: Anaemia, erythropoietic, haematopoietic, thrombopoietic and phytochemicals.

scholarly journals Honey ameliorates ampiclox-induced testicular damage in male Wistar rats Rattus norvegicus (Berkenhout, 1769) (Rodentia: Muridae)

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 135
Author(s):  
Eweoya Olugbenga Olawale ◽  
Emmanuel Betty ◽  
Ajayi Abayomi
Keyword(s):  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Serum Testosterone Level ◽  
Testicular Damage ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Testicular Histology ◽  
Group D

In an experiment to determine the effect of honey on ampiclox-induced testicular damage in rats, twenty (20) adult Wistar rats Rattus norvegicus (Berkenhout, 1769) (Rodentia: Muridae) weighing 150-250 g were divided into four groups (A-D) of five rats each. Group A (control) was administered with 0.5 mL distilled water, group B was given freshly prepared honey orally by gavage daily at a dose of 1.2 g/kg body weight (b.wt), group C received ampiclox (50 mg/kg b.wt) daily while group D received ampiclox (50 mg/kg b.wt) and honey (1.2 g/kg b.wt) for a duration of 14 days. Findings indicate that honey significantly reduced ampiclox-induced damage on the testicular histology. It also improved the serum testosterone level and sperm parameters. The study suggests that honey has a protective effect against testicular damage caused by ampiclox.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Effect of Chloroform Inhalation as a Method of Euthanasia on the Cerebellum and Hippocampus of Adult Wistar Rats

2020 ◽  
pp. 14-25
Author(s):  
Ugochukwu Samuel Aguwa ◽  
Okeke Somadina Nnamdi ◽  
Ezejindu Darmian Nnabuihe ◽  
Eze Chinyere Elizabeth ◽  
Azurunwa Ogechi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Dose Dependence ◽  
Dose Dependent Fashion ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Antioxidant Parameters ◽  
Group A ◽  
Cervical Dislocation ◽  
Group B ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
The Brain

Chloroform inhalation is a common method of rodent euthanasia in Nigeria for research purposes. This work is designed to evaluate the consequence of this method of sacrifice on the cerebellum and hippocampus of Wistar rats. Twenty male Wistar rats weighing between 160 and 180 were divided into 4 groups of 5 rats each. Group A served as control and was sacrificed using cervical dislocation (a widely acceptable non-inhalation method of sacrifice). Groups B, C and D were exposed to chloroform for 5 minutes once a day (group B), once a day for 2 days and once a day for 3 days. The brains were removed; four from each group was processed for antioxidant assay while one from each group was fixed in Bouin’s fluid for histological studies. Our results show that chloroform inhalation adversely affected the results of the antioxidant parameters studied in a dose-dependent fashion. That means that the adverse effect worsened as the number of days increased. This was also the case with the histology results as there was evidence of cell necrosis in the cerebellar and hippocampal tissues. This also showed dose dependence. We therefore conclude from our results that when studying the brain tissues or carrying out brain related researches, chloroform inhalation is not the method of choice for rat euthanasia.

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