scholarly journals Numerical Climatic Analysis of Soybean Development in Sowing Dates in Humid Subtropical Climate

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mateus Possebon Bortoluzzi ◽  
Arno Bernardo Heldwein ◽  
Roberto Trentin ◽  
Ivan Carlos Maldaner ◽  
Jocélia Rosa da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Cycle Duration ◽  
Subtropical Climate ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Development Cycle ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Climatological Station ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Santa Maria

Abstract The objective of this study was to determine the mean duration and the interannual variability of phenological subperiods and total soybean development cycle for 11 sowing dates in the humid subtropical climate conditions of the state of Rio Grande do Sul. Daily meteorological data were used from 1971 to 2017 obtained from the Pelotas agroclimatological station and from 1968 to 2017 from the main climatological station of Santa Maria. The soybean development simulation was performed considering three sets of cultivars of relative maturity groups between 5.9-6.8, 6.9-7.3 and 7.4-8.0, with intervals between the sowing dates of approximately 10 days, comprising September, 21 to December, 31. The data of phenological subperiods duration and total development cycle were subjected to the exploratory analysis BoxPlot, analysis of variance and mean comparison by the Scott-Knott test, with 5% of probability. The development cycle duration is greater in Pelotas than in Santa Maria. There was a decrease in soybean cycle duration from the first to the last sowing date for both locations. The R1-R5 subperiod duration is decreasing from October to December due to photoperiod reduction.

scholarly journals ADJUSTMENT OF PROBABILITY FUNCTIONS TO WATER EXCESS AND DEFICIT IN SOYBEANS CULTIVATED IN LOWLAND SOILS

Irriga ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 402-419
Author(s):  
Mateus Possebon Bortoluzzi ◽  
Arno Bernardo Heldwein ◽  
Roberto Trentin ◽  
Astor Henrique Nied ◽  
Jocélia Rosa da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Probability Functions ◽  
Development Cycle ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Historical Series ◽  
Weibull Pdf ◽  
Santa Maria

ADJUSTMENT OF PROBABILITY FUNCTIONS TO WATER EXCESS AND DEFICIT IN SOYBEANS CULTIVATED IN LOWLAND SOILS     MATEUS POSSEBON BORTOLUZZI¹; ARNO BERNARDO HELDWEIN²; ROBERTO TRENTIN³; ASTOR HENRIQUE NIED²; JOCÉLIA ROSA DA SILVA4 E LEIDIANA DA ROCHA4   1 Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Passo Fundo, BR 285, São José, 99052-900, Passo Fundo, RS, Brasil. [email protected] 2 Departamento de Fitotecnia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Avenida Roraima, n° 1000, Camobi, 97010-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil. [email protected]; [email protected] 3Departmento de Fitotecnia, UFPel, Campus Universitário, s/n, 96010-610, Capão do Leão, RS, Brasil. [email protected] 4 Programa de Pós-graduação em Agronomia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Avenida Roraima, n° 1000, Camobi, 97010-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil. [email protected]; [email protected]     1 ABSTRACT   The objective of this study was to verify the fit of exponential, gamma, lognormal, normal and weibull probability density functions (pdf) to water deficit and excess accumulated data during soybean subperiods and development cycle. Historical series of meteorological data obtained from Pelotas and Santa Maria meteorological stations (RS) were utilized. The soybean development simulation was performed for cultivars from the relative maturity group (RMG) between 5.9-6.8, 6.9-7.3 and 7.4-8.0 on eleven sowing dates from September 21 to December 31. Daily sequential water balance was calculated with water excess (days) and water deficit (mm) data to adjust each pdf to the observed data. The better adjustment frequency for water excess data in the soybean cycle was obtained with normal pdf in Santa Maria and weibull and gamma in Pelotas. Regardless of the location, the lognormal pdf presented the best fit for the water deficit data in the soybean cycle. In both locations, normal and weibull pdf demonstrated the best performance for water excess in the subperiods gamma, lognormal and exponential pdf for the water deficit.   Keywords: Glycine max, risk analysis, sowing date, historical series.     BORTOLUZZI, M. P.; HELDWEIN, A. B.; TRENTIN, R.; NIED, A. H.; DA SILVA, J. R.; DA ROCHA, L. AJUSTE DE FUNÇÕES DE PROBABILIDADE AO EXCESSO E DÉFICIT HÍDRICO NA SOJA EM TERRAS BAIXAS     2 RESUMO   O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar o ajuste das funções densidade de probabilidade (fdp) exponencial, gama, lognormal, normal e weibull aos dados de déficit e excesso hídrico, acumulados durante subperíodos e ciclo de desenvolvimento da soja. Foram utilizadas séries históricas de dados meteorológicos obtidos das estações meteorológicas de Pelotas e de Santa Maria, RS. Foi simulado o desenvolvimento da soja, para cultivares de grupo de maturidade relativa (GMR) entre 5.9–6.8, 6.9–7.3 e 7.4–8.0 em onze datas de semeadura compreendidas entre 21 de setembro e 31 de dezembro. Calculou-se o balanço hídrico sequencial diário, sendo obtidos os dados de excesso hídrico (dias) e déficit hídrico (mm) para ajustar cada fdp aos dados observados. A maior frequência de ajuste para os dados de excesso hídrico no ciclo da soja foi obtida para a fdp normal em Santa Maria e fdp weibull e gama para Pelotas. A fdp lognormal foi a que melhor se ajustou aos dados de déficit hídrico no ciclo da soja, independentemente do local. Em ambos os locais, a fdp normal e a weibull apresentaram o melhor desempenho para o excesso hídrico nos subperíodos e as fdps gama, lognormal e exponencial para o déficit hídrico.   Palavras-chave: Glycine max, análise de risco, data de semeadura, séries históricas.

scholarly journals Risk of Occurrence of Water Deficit in Soybean Cultivated in Lowland Soils

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mateus Possebon Bortoluzzi ◽  
Arno Bernardo Heldwein ◽  
Roberto Trentin ◽  
Ivan Carlos Maldaner ◽  
Jocélia Rosa da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Water Deficit ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Meteorological Station ◽  
Distribution Analysis ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Kolmogorov Smirnov ◽  
Santa Maria

AbstractThe occurrence of water deficit is intensified in lowland soils. Generating information with regard to its risk of occurrence is essential to avoid seed yield losses. The objective of this study was to determine the probability of water deficit in soybean cultivated in lowlands of the Vacacaí and Piratini River basins in the southern portion of Rio Grande do Sul in Brazil as a function of the sowing date. Soybean development was simulated considering three sets of cultivars of relative maturity groups (RMG) delimited by 5.9–6.8, 6.9–7.3, and 7.4–8.0, with a 10-day interval between the sowing dates making up the period between 21 September and 31 December. Daily meteorological data were used from 1971 to 2017 obtained from the Pelotas meteorological station and from 1968 to 2017 from the Santa Maria meteorological station. Water deficit (mm) in the subperiods and soybean development cycle was obtained from the calculation of evapotranspiration and daily sequential crop water balance. Data of water deficit were subjected to a probability distribution analysis, in which the exponential, gamma, lognormal, normal, and Weibull probability density function (pdf) adjustments were tested using chi-square and Kolmogorov–Smirnov adhesion tests, with a 10% significance level. The water deficit is lower in the Pelotas region than in Santa Maria. Sowings performed from 11 and 1 November present the lowest risk of occurrence of water deficit throughout the soybean cycle in Santa Maria and Pelotas, respectively. Risk of water deficit decreases for the beginning of flowering–beginning of seed (R1–R5) subperiod when soybean sowing occurs from the beginning of November.

scholarly journals Estimating the development of landrace and improved maize cultivars as a function of air temperature

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. 1737-1742
Author(s):  
Josana Andreia Langner ◽  
Nereu Augusto Streck ◽  
Genei Antonio Dalmago ◽  
Lia Rejane Silveira Reiniger ◽  
Angelica Durigon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Maize Cultivars ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Developmental Rates ◽  
Cardinal Temperatures ◽  
Santa Maria ◽  
Emergence Phase

ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to determine the maximum development rates for the phases of emergence, vegetative and reproductive, and to test the performance of the Wang and Engel (WE) model for simulating the development of landrace and improved maize cultivars sown on different dates. Model calibration was with data collected from a field experiment with a sowing date on December 13, 2014, and the model was tested with independent data from experiments with five sowing dates (August 20 and November 4, 2013, February 3 and August 15, 2014, and January 7, 2015) in Santa Maria, RS. The experiment was a complete randomized block design with four replicates. The dates of emergence (EM), silking (R1), and physiological maturity (R6) of two landraces ('Cinquentinha' and 'Bico de ouro') and two improved maize cultivars ('BRS Planalto' and 'AS 1573PRO') were recorded. Maximum daily developmental rates varied among cultivars from 0.2400 to 0.3411 d-1 for the emergence phase, from 0.0213 to 0.0234 d-1 for the vegetative phase, and from 0.0254 to 0.0298 d-1 for the reproductive phase. The WE model adequately estimated the developmental stages of landraces and improved maize cultivars with a mean error of 3.7 days. The cardinal temperatures used in the WE model were appropriate to estimate the developmental stages of landraces and improved maize cultivars.

scholarly journals Growth habit effect on development of modern soybean cultivars after beginning of bloom in Rio Grande do Sul

Bragantia ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 445-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alencar Junior Zanon ◽  
Nereu Augusto Streck ◽  
Thiago Schmitz Marques da Rocha ◽  
Cleber Maus Alberto ◽  
Alex Cristiano Bartz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Growth Habit ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Beginning Of Flowering ◽  
Reproductive Phases ◽  
Santa Maria

ABSTRACT There was a change in the genetics of soybeans grown in southern Brazil from the 2000s, which requires investment in basic and detailed studies about growth and development. The purpose in this paper was to characterize the overlap period of vegetative and reproductive phases, growth in height and the emission of nodes after the beginning of flowering in determinate and indeterminate cultivars in different sowing dates and soybean regions in Rio Grande do Sul. Field experiments were conducted during the growing seasons of 2012/2013 and 2013/2014, in Santa Maria, Itaqui, Frederico Westphalen, Capão do Leão, Júlio de Castilhos and in 3 commercial soybean crops in Restinga Sêca, Tupanciretã and Água Santa. Overlap determination (in days) of vegetative and reproductive phases, difference in the number of nodes and height in R8 and R1 were estimated. The cultivars with indeterminate growth had higher overlap period of vegetative and reproductive phases, height growth and emission of nodes after the beginning of flowering in comparison with the determinate cultivars. The magnitude of the overlap values of vegetative and reproductive phases and of the increase in height and number of nodes after R1 ranged with the type of growth, maturity group, location, and sowing date.

scholarly journals Examining the latent period of Septoria tritici blotch in a field trial of winter wheat

2004 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 116-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Armour ◽  
S.L.H. Viljanen-Rollinson ◽  
S.F. Chng ◽  
R.C. Butler ◽  
P.D. Jamieson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Latent Period ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Wheat Cultivar ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Septoria Tritici ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Forecasting System ◽  
The Mean

The wheat cultivar Consort was artificially inoculated with Septoria tritici in an experiment to determine the latent period of the pathogen in New Zealand Three individual leaf layers (leaf three leaf two or the flag leaf) were inoculated over three sowing dates to provide a range of different environmental conditions following inoculation The mean latent period was 21 to 27 days (291372C days) The length of the latent period increased slightly with delays in sowing date The implications for producing a simple forecasting system to assist farmers with timing of fungicide applications are discussed

Effect of sowing date and harvest time on longevity of rice seeds

1997 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Kameswara Rao ◽  
M. T. Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Indica Rice ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Rice Cultivar ◽  
Japonica Rice ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Harvest Time ◽  
The Third ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Germination Ability ◽  
The Mean

AbstractChanges in germination ability and longevity were monitored during seed development in three japonica rice cultivars and one indica rice cultivar sown on three different dates, 14 October 1993, 24 November 1993 and 5 January 1994 at Los Baños, Philippines. Germinability of the seeds varied among cultivars in the early stages of development, but it was generally similar across sowing dates. The estimates of potential longevity (determined by storage at 40°C and 15% moisture and quantified by the values of the seed lot constant K1 of the viability equation) differed among cultivars and sowing dates. While the maximum potential longevity attained across different sowing dates was similar in the japonica cultivars Ju ku and Chianan 8, it was significantly higher in the first sowing than in the second or third sowings in cv. Akihikari. In the indica cultivar IR 58, maximum potential longevity attained in the second and third sowings was significantly greater than that in the first sowing. The mean potential longevity, averaged over cultivars and sowing dates, was marginally higher in the first sowing (K1=3.81) than in the second (3.65) and third (3.63); and averaged over cultivars and harvest times it was greatest at 34.8 days after flowering (DAF) in the first sowing, 31.8 DAF in the second and 28.3 DAF in the third. These results suggest that sowing in mid-October to allow seed ripening to coincide with the cooler and drier segment of the Los Baños dry season, and harvesting 35 DAF can improve the potential longevity of some japonica cultivars.

scholarly journals Lixus algirus L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae): biology, population fluctuation, infestation as affected by varieties, location, and planting dates in Morocco

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Ait Taadaouit ◽  
K. El Fakhouri ◽  
A. Sabraoui ◽  
L. Rohi ◽  
M. El Bouhssini
Keyword(s):  
Faba Bean ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Stem Borer ◽  
Cycle Duration ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Bean Plants ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Cropping Seasons

The stem borer, Lixus algirus L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is the major insect pest of faba bean in the Mediterranean region. This study investigates the field biology and fluctuation of L. algirus at Douyet research Station in Morocco during two cropping seasons 2014-2015 and 2015-2016 using two local faba bean varieties. The influence of sowing dates and varieties on the damage caused by L. algirus was investigated over different locations and seasons using a split-plot design. The overwintering adults appear in the field from February by feeding over the leaves of faba bean plants. Eggs are laid from Mid-February through late April and mostly during March. The egg peak ranged from 0.75 to 1.1 eggs per plant. The number of larvae increases during March and peaked in April. The larval peaks ranged between 0.45 to 1.5 larvae per plant. The larval development takes an average of 42 days. Pupation lasts about 21 days within stems. Adults emerged in early June. Life cycle duration was 80 days. One generation of L. algirus was recorded on faba bean varieties in Morocco. The mean number of eggs showed a positive correlation with total rainfall. The number of pupae and relative humidity was negatively correlated. Peach and almond leaves were the most preferred by the newely emerged L. algirus adult during the summer and early autumn period. Planting dates did not affect L. algirus infestation levels over all varieties tested and locations.

The growth of three crisp lettuce varieties from different sowing dates

1984 ◽  
Vol 102 (3) ◽  
pp. 733-745 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. E. Wurr ◽  
Jane R. Fellows
Keyword(s):  
Sowing Date ◽  
Leaf Production ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Head Weight ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Rate Of Emergence ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Times

SummaryThree American crisp lettuce varieties Ithaca, Pennlake and Saladin, formerly called Salinas, were sown on three occasions between April and July in 1980 and 1981 and on six occasions in 1982 between March and July. The rate of emergence of all three varieties increased with mean soil temperature at seed depth. The number of leaves was linearly related to air temperature measured on an accumulated day-degree scale > 0 °C from emergence. Pennlake had the highest rate of leaf production and Saladin the lowest rate. The relative growth rate of Ithaca increased with later sowing, while that of Pennlake declined. The time of maturity of one variety relative to another changed with sowing date but in all three varieties a quadratic curve relating the time of maturity to the time of sowing accounted for a high proportion of the variance in the time of maturity. When the times of sowing and maturity were both expressed on a day-degree scale > 0 °C a linear relationship accounted for more than 98% of the variance in time of maturity. These data provide the basis for planning a continuity programme. Within a variety there was considerable variation in mean head weight between sowings in the same year and different responses of head weight to sowing date from year to year. Using data from all 12 sowings, there was shown to be a significant association between head weight and the mean temperature up to 42 days from emergence but there was no association with radiation. Low mean temperatures (< 12 °C) were associated with lower head weights of Ithaca but higher head weights of Saladin. The opposite was true for mean temperatures greater than 16 °C. The reasons for this are discussed.

Estimation of Evapotranspiration andIrrigation Scheduling of Lentilusing CROPWAT 8.0 Model for Anantapur District, Andhra Pradesh, India

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (04) ◽  
Author(s):  
JATOTH VEERANNA ◽  
A. K. MISHRA
Keyword(s):  
Andhra Pradesh ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
Crop Water ◽  
Irrigation Requirement ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Climatic Water Deficit ◽  
Effective Water

To achieve effective water allocation and planning, the information about Lentil crop water requirements, irrigation withdrawals, soil types and climate conditions were gathered from the study area i.e. Anantapur district of Andhra Pradesh (A.P). The main objectives of the study area wereto estimate the Lentil crop water requirement (i.e., evapotranspiration) and deciding the proper sowing time in semi-arid agro-climatic conditions.The CROPWAT 8.0 was used to estimate the climatic water deficit, net irrigation requirement (NIR) and gross irrigation requirement (GIR) under different rainfed and irrigated conditions with six different growing dates with aninterval of 10 days.The results showed that the best sowing dates were last week of September to 1st week of October, which gives thebest utilization of rainfall as effective rainfall. The net and gross irrigation requirement(NIR and GIR) varied from a minimum to maximum as 69.7 mm, 110.3 mm, 78.2 mm, 119.4 mm, 114 mm and 165.9 mm; respectively for all sowing dates. Thus by adopting a proper sowing date and irrigation scheduling criteria, it is possible to save 49.7 mm of water as NIR for theearly sown crop.

scholarly journals Risk of water surplus in soybean crop on haplic planosol soil in the Central Depression of Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mateus Possebon Bortoluzzi ◽  
Arno Bernardo Heldwein ◽  
Roberto Trentin ◽  
Dionéia Daiane Pitol Lucas ◽  
Evandro Zanini Righi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Error Probability ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Soybean Crop ◽  
Central Depression ◽  
Development Cycle ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Daily Water ◽  
Water Surplus

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to identify soybean sowing dates on which there was low water surplus risk. The crop was raised on a Haplic Planosol soil in the Central Depression of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Soybean development simulations and daily water balances were calculated for different sowing dates from August 1968 to July 2012. Water surplus data was subjected to BoxPlot analyses and Scott-Knott tests at a 5% error probability. Exponential, gamma, lognormal, normal and Weibull functions were tested and the best fits to the data were obtained for both subperiods and total cycle. The highest number of fits for the development cycle and subperiods were obtained using the gamma and weibull functions, respectively. For sowing carried out after November 1, there was a low water surplus risk in the sowing-emergence subperiod. The risk of water surplus during the development cycle decreased with the advance of the sowing date.

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