scholarly journals ADJUSTMENT OF PROBABILITY FUNCTIONS TO WATER EXCESS AND DEFICIT IN SOYBEANS CULTIVATED IN LOWLAND SOILS

Irriga ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 402-419
Author(s):  
Mateus Possebon Bortoluzzi ◽  
Arno Bernardo Heldwein ◽  
Roberto Trentin ◽  
Astor Henrique Nied ◽  
Jocélia Rosa da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Probability Functions ◽  
Development Cycle ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Historical Series ◽  
Weibull Pdf ◽  
Santa Maria

ADJUSTMENT OF PROBABILITY FUNCTIONS TO WATER EXCESS AND DEFICIT IN SOYBEANS CULTIVATED IN LOWLAND SOILS     MATEUS POSSEBON BORTOLUZZI¹; ARNO BERNARDO HELDWEIN²; ROBERTO TRENTIN³; ASTOR HENRIQUE NIED²; JOCÉLIA ROSA DA SILVA4 E LEIDIANA DA ROCHA4   1 Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Passo Fundo, BR 285, São José, 99052-900, Passo Fundo, RS, Brasil. [email protected] 2 Departamento de Fitotecnia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Avenida Roraima, n° 1000, Camobi, 97010-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil. [email protected]; [email protected] 3Departmento de Fitotecnia, UFPel, Campus Universitário, s/n, 96010-610, Capão do Leão, RS, Brasil. [email protected] 4 Programa de Pós-graduação em Agronomia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Avenida Roraima, n° 1000, Camobi, 97010-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil. [email protected]; [email protected]     1 ABSTRACT   The objective of this study was to verify the fit of exponential, gamma, lognormal, normal and weibull probability density functions (pdf) to water deficit and excess accumulated data during soybean subperiods and development cycle. Historical series of meteorological data obtained from Pelotas and Santa Maria meteorological stations (RS) were utilized. The soybean development simulation was performed for cultivars from the relative maturity group (RMG) between 5.9-6.8, 6.9-7.3 and 7.4-8.0 on eleven sowing dates from September 21 to December 31. Daily sequential water balance was calculated with water excess (days) and water deficit (mm) data to adjust each pdf to the observed data. The better adjustment frequency for water excess data in the soybean cycle was obtained with normal pdf in Santa Maria and weibull and gamma in Pelotas. Regardless of the location, the lognormal pdf presented the best fit for the water deficit data in the soybean cycle. In both locations, normal and weibull pdf demonstrated the best performance for water excess in the subperiods gamma, lognormal and exponential pdf for the water deficit.   Keywords: Glycine max, risk analysis, sowing date, historical series.     BORTOLUZZI, M. P.; HELDWEIN, A. B.; TRENTIN, R.; NIED, A. H.; DA SILVA, J. R.; DA ROCHA, L. AJUSTE DE FUNÇÕES DE PROBABILIDADE AO EXCESSO E DÉFICIT HÍDRICO NA SOJA EM TERRAS BAIXAS     2 RESUMO   O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar o ajuste das funções densidade de probabilidade (fdp) exponencial, gama, lognormal, normal e weibull aos dados de déficit e excesso hídrico, acumulados durante subperíodos e ciclo de desenvolvimento da soja. Foram utilizadas séries históricas de dados meteorológicos obtidos das estações meteorológicas de Pelotas e de Santa Maria, RS. Foi simulado o desenvolvimento da soja, para cultivares de grupo de maturidade relativa (GMR) entre 5.9–6.8, 6.9–7.3 e 7.4–8.0 em onze datas de semeadura compreendidas entre 21 de setembro e 31 de dezembro. Calculou-se o balanço hídrico sequencial diário, sendo obtidos os dados de excesso hídrico (dias) e déficit hídrico (mm) para ajustar cada fdp aos dados observados. A maior frequência de ajuste para os dados de excesso hídrico no ciclo da soja foi obtida para a fdp normal em Santa Maria e fdp weibull e gama para Pelotas. A fdp lognormal foi a que melhor se ajustou aos dados de déficit hídrico no ciclo da soja, independentemente do local. Em ambos os locais, a fdp normal e a weibull apresentaram o melhor desempenho para o excesso hídrico nos subperíodos e as fdps gama, lognormal e exponencial para o déficit hídrico.   Palavras-chave: Glycine max, análise de risco, data de semeadura, séries históricas.

scholarly journals Numerical Climatic Analysis of Soybean Development in Sowing Dates in Humid Subtropical Climate

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mateus Possebon Bortoluzzi ◽  
Arno Bernardo Heldwein ◽  
Roberto Trentin ◽  
Ivan Carlos Maldaner ◽  
Jocélia Rosa da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Cycle Duration ◽  
Subtropical Climate ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Development Cycle ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Climatological Station ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Santa Maria

Abstract The objective of this study was to determine the mean duration and the interannual variability of phenological subperiods and total soybean development cycle for 11 sowing dates in the humid subtropical climate conditions of the state of Rio Grande do Sul. Daily meteorological data were used from 1971 to 2017 obtained from the Pelotas agroclimatological station and from 1968 to 2017 from the main climatological station of Santa Maria. The soybean development simulation was performed considering three sets of cultivars of relative maturity groups between 5.9-6.8, 6.9-7.3 and 7.4-8.0, with intervals between the sowing dates of approximately 10 days, comprising September, 21 to December, 31. The data of phenological subperiods duration and total development cycle were subjected to the exploratory analysis BoxPlot, analysis of variance and mean comparison by the Scott-Knott test, with 5% of probability. The development cycle duration is greater in Pelotas than in Santa Maria. There was a decrease in soybean cycle duration from the first to the last sowing date for both locations. The R1-R5 subperiod duration is decreasing from October to December due to photoperiod reduction.

scholarly journals Risk of Occurrence of Water Deficit in Soybean Cultivated in Lowland Soils

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mateus Possebon Bortoluzzi ◽  
Arno Bernardo Heldwein ◽  
Roberto Trentin ◽  
Ivan Carlos Maldaner ◽  
Jocélia Rosa da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Water Deficit ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Meteorological Station ◽  
Distribution Analysis ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Kolmogorov Smirnov ◽  
Santa Maria

AbstractThe occurrence of water deficit is intensified in lowland soils. Generating information with regard to its risk of occurrence is essential to avoid seed yield losses. The objective of this study was to determine the probability of water deficit in soybean cultivated in lowlands of the Vacacaí and Piratini River basins in the southern portion of Rio Grande do Sul in Brazil as a function of the sowing date. Soybean development was simulated considering three sets of cultivars of relative maturity groups (RMG) delimited by 5.9–6.8, 6.9–7.3, and 7.4–8.0, with a 10-day interval between the sowing dates making up the period between 21 September and 31 December. Daily meteorological data were used from 1971 to 2017 obtained from the Pelotas meteorological station and from 1968 to 2017 from the Santa Maria meteorological station. Water deficit (mm) in the subperiods and soybean development cycle was obtained from the calculation of evapotranspiration and daily sequential crop water balance. Data of water deficit were subjected to a probability distribution analysis, in which the exponential, gamma, lognormal, normal, and Weibull probability density function (pdf) adjustments were tested using chi-square and Kolmogorov–Smirnov adhesion tests, with a 10% significance level. The water deficit is lower in the Pelotas region than in Santa Maria. Sowings performed from 11 and 1 November present the lowest risk of occurrence of water deficit throughout the soybean cycle in Santa Maria and Pelotas, respectively. Risk of water deficit decreases for the beginning of flowering–beginning of seed (R1–R5) subperiod when soybean sowing occurs from the beginning of November.

scholarly journals Estimating the development of landrace and improved maize cultivars as a function of air temperature

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. 1737-1742
Author(s):  
Josana Andreia Langner ◽  
Nereu Augusto Streck ◽  
Genei Antonio Dalmago ◽  
Lia Rejane Silveira Reiniger ◽  
Angelica Durigon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Maize Cultivars ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Developmental Rates ◽  
Cardinal Temperatures ◽  
Santa Maria ◽  
Emergence Phase

ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to determine the maximum development rates for the phases of emergence, vegetative and reproductive, and to test the performance of the Wang and Engel (WE) model for simulating the development of landrace and improved maize cultivars sown on different dates. Model calibration was with data collected from a field experiment with a sowing date on December 13, 2014, and the model was tested with independent data from experiments with five sowing dates (August 20 and November 4, 2013, February 3 and August 15, 2014, and January 7, 2015) in Santa Maria, RS. The experiment was a complete randomized block design with four replicates. The dates of emergence (EM), silking (R1), and physiological maturity (R6) of two landraces ('Cinquentinha' and 'Bico de ouro') and two improved maize cultivars ('BRS Planalto' and 'AS 1573PRO') were recorded. Maximum daily developmental rates varied among cultivars from 0.2400 to 0.3411 d-1 for the emergence phase, from 0.0213 to 0.0234 d-1 for the vegetative phase, and from 0.0254 to 0.0298 d-1 for the reproductive phase. The WE model adequately estimated the developmental stages of landraces and improved maize cultivars with a mean error of 3.7 days. The cardinal temperatures used in the WE model were appropriate to estimate the developmental stages of landraces and improved maize cultivars.

Effect of sowing dates and late season water deficit stress on quantitative and qualitative traits of canola cultivars

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 291-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parisa Nazeri ◽  
Amir Hossein Shirani Rad ◽  
Seyed Alireza ValadAbadi ◽  
Mojtaba Mirakhori ◽  
Esmaeil Hadidi Masoule
Keyword(s):  
Erucic Acid ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Water Deficit Stress ◽  
Late Season ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Oil Percentage ◽  
Quantitative And Qualitative Traits ◽  
Acid Percentage

To investigate the effects of sowing dates and late season water deficit stress on quantitative and qualitative traits of different canola cultivars, a 2-year field experiment was carried out in the 2014–2015 and 2015–2016 growing seasons. The experimental factors consisted of sowing date at two levels (7th and 27th October), irrigation at two levels (full irrigation and irrigation termination at silique formation stage) and four German canola cultivars including Trapper, Makro, Smilla, and Agamax. The results indicated that the main effects of sowing date, irrigation, and cultivar were significant on all studied characteristics except for harvest index. The interaction between sowing date and irrigation was also statistically significant on silique number per plant, oil percentage, linolenic acid, and erucic acid percentage. The results demonstrated that seed yield and its components oil percentage and oil yield, as well as oleic and linoleic acid percentage, decreased when sowing date was delayed until 27th October. Due to irrigation termination, all the studied traits decreased except for linolenic and erucic acid. Seed yield also decreased. The results suggest that to improve seed and oil yield, canola should be sown on 7th October and fully irrigated until physiological maturity stage in the study area.

scholarly journals Growth habit effect on development of modern soybean cultivars after beginning of bloom in Rio Grande do Sul

Bragantia ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 445-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alencar Junior Zanon ◽  
Nereu Augusto Streck ◽  
Thiago Schmitz Marques da Rocha ◽  
Cleber Maus Alberto ◽  
Alex Cristiano Bartz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Growth Habit ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Beginning Of Flowering ◽  
Reproductive Phases ◽  
Santa Maria

ABSTRACT There was a change in the genetics of soybeans grown in southern Brazil from the 2000s, which requires investment in basic and detailed studies about growth and development. The purpose in this paper was to characterize the overlap period of vegetative and reproductive phases, growth in height and the emission of nodes after the beginning of flowering in determinate and indeterminate cultivars in different sowing dates and soybean regions in Rio Grande do Sul. Field experiments were conducted during the growing seasons of 2012/2013 and 2013/2014, in Santa Maria, Itaqui, Frederico Westphalen, Capão do Leão, Júlio de Castilhos and in 3 commercial soybean crops in Restinga Sêca, Tupanciretã and Água Santa. Overlap determination (in days) of vegetative and reproductive phases, difference in the number of nodes and height in R8 and R1 were estimated. The cultivars with indeterminate growth had higher overlap period of vegetative and reproductive phases, height growth and emission of nodes after the beginning of flowering in comparison with the determinate cultivars. The magnitude of the overlap values of vegetative and reproductive phases and of the increase in height and number of nodes after R1 ranged with the type of growth, maturity group, location, and sowing date.

scholarly journals Risk of water surplus in soybean crop on haplic planosol soil in the Central Depression of Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mateus Possebon Bortoluzzi ◽  
Arno Bernardo Heldwein ◽  
Roberto Trentin ◽  
Dionéia Daiane Pitol Lucas ◽  
Evandro Zanini Righi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Error Probability ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Soybean Crop ◽  
Central Depression ◽  
Development Cycle ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Daily Water ◽  
Water Surplus

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to identify soybean sowing dates on which there was low water surplus risk. The crop was raised on a Haplic Planosol soil in the Central Depression of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Soybean development simulations and daily water balances were calculated for different sowing dates from August 1968 to July 2012. Water surplus data was subjected to BoxPlot analyses and Scott-Knott tests at a 5% error probability. Exponential, gamma, lognormal, normal and Weibull functions were tested and the best fits to the data were obtained for both subperiods and total cycle. The highest number of fits for the development cycle and subperiods were obtained using the gamma and weibull functions, respectively. For sowing carried out after November 1, there was a low water surplus risk in the sowing-emergence subperiod. The risk of water surplus during the development cycle decreased with the advance of the sowing date.

scholarly journals Effect of water deficit and sowing date on oil and protein contents in soybean co-inoculated with Azospirillum brasilense

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Maria de Lima Naoe ◽  
Joênes Mucci Peluzio ◽  
Leonardo José Motta Campos ◽  
Lucas Koshy Naoe ◽  
Evandro Reina
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Bradyrhizobium Japonicum ◽  
Azospirillum Brasilense ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Sowing Dates

ABSTRACT The soybean chemical composition is strongly influenced by genetic factors, as well as their interaction with the environment and management practices. Among the environmental factors, water deficit and temperature are those that most contribute to modify the chemical composition of beans, especially oil and protein contents. The present study aimed to assess the effects of co-inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense on soybean oil and protein contents. Two field experiments were carried out on different sowing dates. The design consisted of randomized blocks, in a split-split-plot arrangement, with four replications, including two irrigation depths (25 % and 100 % of the ETc), two inoculation methods [Bradyrhizobium japonicum (strains Semia 5079 and Semia 5080) and Azospirillum brasilense (strains AbV5 and AbV6 + Bradyrhizobium japonicum)] and two cultivars (ANTA 82 and TMG 132). The co-inoculation did not affect the oil and protein contents of beans for any of the assessed management conditions. The water deficit in the reproductive stage, combined with the sowing dates, altered the oil and protein contents in both the assessed cultivars, showing, respectively, a higher average protein and oil content in the beans for the cultivars TMG 132 and ANTA 82.

EFFECT OF SOWING DATE ON GRAIN YIELD OF CRAB GRASS

2001 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-297
Author(s):  
S. O. Bakare ◽  
M. G. M. Kolo ◽  
J. A. Oladiran
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Interaction Effect ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Significant Interaction Effect ◽  
Sowing Dates

There was a significant interaction effect between the variety and the sowing date for the number of productive tillers, indicating that the response to sowing date varied with the variety. A significant reduction in the number of productive tillers became evident when sowing was delayed till 26 June in the straggling variety as compared to sowing dates in May. Lower numbers of productive tillers were also recorded when the sowing of the erect variety was further delayed till 10 July. The grain yield data showed that it is not advisable to sow the straggling variety later than 12 June, while sowing may continue till about 26 June for the erect variety in the study area.

Application of physiological understanding in soybean improvement. I. Understanding phenological constraints to adaptation and yield potential

2011 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Lawn ◽  
A. T. James
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Environmental Control ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Companion Paper ◽  
Interaction Effects ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Eastern Australia

The purpose of this paper and its companion1 is to describe how, in eastern Australia, soybean improvement, in terms of both breeding and agronomy, has been informed and influenced over the past four decades by physiological understanding of the environmental control of phenology. This first paper describes how initial attempts to grow soybean in eastern Australia, using varieties and production practices from the southern USA, met with limited success due to large variety × environment interaction effects on seed yield. In particular, there were large variety × location, variety × sowing date, and variety × sowing date × density effects. These various interaction effects were ultimately explained in terms of the effects of photo-thermal environment on the phenology of different varieties, and the consequences for radiation interception, dry matter production, harvest index, and seed yield. This knowledge enabled the formulation of agronomic practices to optimise sowing date and planting arrangement to suit particular varieties, and underpinned the establishment of commercial production in south-eastern Queensland in the early 1970s. It also influenced the establishment and operation over the next three decades of several separate breeding programs, each targeting phenological adaptation to specific latitudinal regions of eastern Australia. This paper also describes how physiological developments internationally, particularly the discovery of the long juvenile trait and to a lesser extent the semi-dwarf ideotype, subsequently enabled an approach to be conceived for broadening the phenological adaptation of soybeans across latitudes and sowing dates. The application of this approach, and its outcomes in terms of varietal improvement, agronomic management, and the structure of the breeding program, are described in the companion paper.

scholarly journals Effective Seed Yield and Flowering Synchrony of Parents of CIMMYT Three-Way-Cross Tropical Maize Hybrids

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 161
Author(s):  
Alberto A. Chassaigne-Ricciulli ◽  
Leopoldo E. Mendoza-Onofre ◽  
Leobigildo Córdova-Téllez ◽  
Aquiles Carballo-Carballo ◽  
Félix M. San Vicente-García ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Flowering Synchrony ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Grain Filling Period ◽  
Hybrid Maize

Genotype, environmental temperature, and agronomic management of parents influence seed yield in three-way cross hybrid maize seed production. The objective of this research was to generate information on the seed production of six three-way cross hybrids and their progenitors, adapted to tropical lowlands. Data on days to—and duration of—flowering, distance to spike and stigmas, and seed yield of five female single crosses and five male inbred lines were recorded for different combinations of four planting densities and four sowing dates in Mexico. The effect of planting density was not significant. The male inbred line T10 was the earliest and highest seed yield and T31 the latest, occupying second place in yield. The single crosses T32/T10 and T13/T14 were the earliest and had the highest effective seed yield. At the earliest sowing date, the females were later in their flowering, accumulated fewer growing degree days (GDD), and obtained higher yields since the grain-filling period coincided with hot days and cool nights. To achieve greater floral synchronization and therefore greater production of hybrid seed, differential planting dates for parents are recommended based on information from the accumulated GDD of each parent. The three-way cross hybrids were classified according to the expected seed yield of the females and the complexity in the synchronization of flowering of their parents.

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