scholarly journals Acute effects of short and long duration dynamic stretching protocols on muscle strength

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-292
Author(s):  
Christiano Francisco dos Santos ◽  
Auristela Duarte de Lima Moser ◽  
Elisangela Ferretti Manffra
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Dynamic Stretching ◽  
Control Protocol ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Isokinetic Performance ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Knee Flexors

Objective Compare the acute effects of dynamic stretching protocols on the isokinetic performance of the quadriceps and hamstring muscles at two velocities in adult males.Methodology Included the participation of 14 males (21 ± 2.6 years; 178 ± 0.4 cm; 73.2 ± 20.9 kg) were assessed using an isokinetic dynamometer before and after following a short or long-duration dynamic stretching protocol or a control protocol. The results were assessed by a two-way ANOVA and a Scheffé’s post hoc test at a 5% significance level.Results No difference was found in the variables assessed at 180°/s after LDDS. At 60°/s, LDDS reduced the power of the knee flexors. The control protocol reduced the power of the knee flexors and increased the power of the extensors. At 60°/s, the work of the knee flexors exhibited a reduction after LDDS. The control protocol resulted in a reduction in the work of the flexors. The peak torque angle exhibited a reduction in the extensors and flexors after LDDS and SDDS.Conclusion Dynamic stretching did not cause any change in the peak torque, which points to its possible use in activities involving velocity and muscle strength. The executing dynamic stretching before physical activities such as running and high-intensity sports might be beneficial by promoting increases in heart rate and in body temperature.

Acute Effects of Foam Rolling, Static Stretching, and Dynamic Stretching During Warm-ups on Muscular Flexibility and Strength in Young Adults

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 469-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsuan Su ◽  
Nai-Jen Chang ◽  
Wen-Lan Wu ◽  
Lan-Yuen Guo ◽  
I-Hua Chu
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Knee Flexion ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Static Stretching ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Dynamic Stretching ◽  
Foam Rolling

Context:Foam rolling has been proposed to improve muscle function, performance, and joint range of motion (ROM). However, whether a foam rolling protocol can be adopted as a warm-up to improve flexibility and muscle strength is unclear.Objectives:To examine and compare the acute effects of foam rolling, static stretching, and dynamic stretching used as part of a warm-up on flexibility and muscle strength of knee flexion and extension.Design:Crossover study.Setting:University research laboratory.Participants:15 male and 15 female college students (age 21.43 ± 1.48 y, weight 65.13 ± 12.29 kg, height 166.90 ± 6.99 cm).Main Outcome Measures:Isokinetic peak torque was measured during knee extension and flexion at an angular velocity of 60°/second. Flexibility of the quadriceps was assessed by the modified Thomas test, while flexibility of the hamstrings was assessed using the sit-and-reach test. The 3 interventions were performed by all participants in random order on 3 days separated by 48–72 hours.Results:The flexibility test scores improved significantly more after foam rolling as compared with static and dynamic stretching. With regard to muscle strength, only knee extension peak torque (pre vs. postintervention) improved significantly after the dynamic stretching and foam rolling, but not after static stretching. Knee flexion peak torque remained unchanged.Conclusions:Foam rolling is more effective than static and dynamic stretching in acutely increasing flexibility of the quadriceps and hamstrings without hampering muscle strength, and may be recommended as part of a warm-up in healthy young adults.

scholarly journals Changes in Muscle Strength in U19 Soccer Players During an Annual Training Cycle

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michal Lehnert ◽  
Zuzana Xaverová ◽  
Mark De Ste Croix
Keyword(s):  
Peak Torque ◽  
Quadriceps Strength ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Muscle Action ◽  
Strength Assessment ◽  
Training Cycle ◽  
Competitive Season ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Testing Range ◽  
Knee Flexors

Abstract The aim of the study was to investigate the seasonal variation in isokinetic strength of the knee flexors and extensors, and conventional (H/QCONV) and functional (H/QFUNC) hamstring to quadriceps strength ratios in highly trained adolescent soccer players. The players (n=11; age 17.8±0.3) were measured at the end of the competitive season (autumn), at the beginning and the end of pre-season (winter) and during the sixth week of a new competitive season. Isokinetic peak torque (concentric and eccentric) was measured at 60°•s-1 in a sitting position with the hip flexed at 100°. The testing range of motion was set from 10 - 90° of knee flexion. The players performed a set of five maximum repetitions for both the dominant and non-dominant leg. Statistically significant differences (p<0.001) between the four seasonal measurements were noted for peak torque of the dominant leg knee flexors in concentric muscle action only. A post hoc analysis revealed a statistically significant increase in peak torque from the 1st to the 4th measurement (p<0.001; d=0.692) and from the 2nd to the 4th (p<0.01; d=0.564). The differences in the changes of peak torque of the knee flexors and extensors depending on type of muscle action and tendencies found in the H/Q ratios throughout the annual training cycle indicate that strength assessment of the knee flexors and extensors and their balance throughout the annual training cycle could be beneficial for elite male adolescent soccer players both in terms of performance and risk of injury.

scholarly journals Isokinetic Strength Profile of Elite Female Handball Players

2015 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 257-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zuzana Xaverova ◽  
Johannes Dirnberger ◽  
Michal Lehnert ◽  
Jan Belka ◽  
Herbert Wagner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Systematic Assessment ◽  
Risk Of Injury ◽  
Training Cycle ◽  
Isokinetic Muscle Strength ◽  
Angular Velocities ◽  
Individual Evaluation ◽  
Knee Flexors ◽  
Flexion And Extension

Abstract Systematic assessment of muscle strength of the lower extremities throughout the annual training cycle in athletes is crucial from a performance perspective for the optimization of the training process, as well as a health perspective with regard to injury prevention. The main aim of the present study was to determine isokinetic muscle strength of the knee flexors and extensors in female handball players at the beginning of a preparatory period and to assess whether there were any differences between players of different performance levels. The performance level was expressed by means of membership of the Women’s Junior National Handball Team (JNT, n=8) or the Women’s National Handball Team (NT, n=9). The isokinetic peak torque during concentric and eccentric single-joint knee flexion and extension was measured at angular velocities of 60, 180, 240°/s (concentric) and 60°/s (eccentric). The Mann- Whitney test showed no significant differences in the peak torques or ipsilateral ratios between the two groups. The bilateral force deficit (BFD) for concentric extension at 240°/s was significantly higher in the JNT compared with the NT (p=0.04; d=1.02). However, the results of individual evaluation show that the BFD was more frequent in the NT in most measurements. A high BFD was evident in the eccentric mode in both groups highlighting a need for particular strengthening. With regard to low strength ratios a prevention programme should be suggested for both observed groups of professional female handball players to reduce the risk of injury.

scholarly journals Determination of the isokinetic muscle strength profile of knee flexors and extensors in visually impaired long-distance athletes: Pilot studyGörme engelli uzun mesafe atletizm sporcularında diz fleksör ve ekstansörlerinin izokinetik kas kuvvet profilinin belirlenmesi: Pilot çalışma

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 2111
Author(s):  
Tuğba Kocahan ◽  
Bihter Akınoğlu ◽  
Çağlar Soylu ◽  
Necmiye Ün Yıldırım ◽  
Adnan Hasanoğlu
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Knee Flexion ◽  
Visually Impaired ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Long Distance Running ◽  
The Right ◽  
Dominant Side ◽  
Knee Flexors ◽  
Flexion And Extension

Purpose: The aim of this study is to determine the isokinetic muscle strength profile of knee flexor and extensor muscles of visually impaired long distance running athletes and compare them with the literature.Methods: The study consisted of 7 male visually impaired long distance running athletes aged between 19-28 (means 24,14±3,23), who complied with the criteria and voluntarily participated in the study. İsokinetic measurement was performed with Isomed 2000® device. İn isokinetic evaluation, maximal muscle strength, muscle strength ratios, percentage of right-left strength difference ratio of knee flexors and extensors were recorded. İsokinetic testing protocol; before the test all athletes performed the knee flexion and extension isokinetic test with the 5 repeating at 90 º/sec as a warm-up and for comprehenting the test. Then, knee flexion and extension concentric-concentric strength measurements were performed with the 5 repeating at 60 º/sec and with the 15 repeating at 180 º/sec with the angle between 90 degrees of knee flexion and 10 degrees of knee extension. The evaluations were performed bilaterally, first dominant side and after 3 minutes non dominant side was evaluated.Results: The H / Q peak torque ratio of the athletes is 53.55% for the dominant side and 55.47% for the non-dominant side at 60º / sec. velocity while 59.05% for the dominant side and 61.34% for the non-dominant side at 180º / sec. velocity. When the H / Q peak torque ratio of the athletes was compared between dominant and non-dominant sides, there was no difference in both angular velocities (p>0.05). Knee flexion and extension isokinetic muscle strength’s difference were determined lower than %10 for both angular angles when compared to the asymmetry of the right and left extremities. It was found that this was in accordance with the literature and there was no asymmetry between the right and left sides.Conclusion: In visually impaired long distance runners, having H/Q ratio lower than normal borders against knee flexors for both sides at 180°/sec. angular velocity poses a risk for injuries. In terms of prevention of sports injuries, it is necessary for the athletes to maintain muscle force balance which is specific to each angular velocity and to exercise with sports-specific exercises.Extended English abstract is in the end of PDF (TURKISH) file.ÖzetAmaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı görme engelli uzun mesafe atletizm sporcularının diz fleksör ve ekstansör kaslarının izokinetik kas kuvvet profilini belirlemek ve literatürdeki bilgilerle karşılaştırmaktır.Method: Çalışmamıza; 19-28 (Ort. 24,14±3,23) yaş aralığında 7 erkek görme engelli uzun mesafe atletizm sporcusu dâhil edildi. İzokinetik kas kuvveti Isomed 2000® cihazı ile değerlendirildi. İzokinetik değerlendirmede diz fleksör ve ekstansörlerinin maksimum kas kuvveti, kas kuvvet oranları, sağ-sol kuvvet farkı oranı yüzdesi kaydedildi. Değerlendirmede 90-10 º fleksiyon açılarında konsantrik-konsantrik kuvvet ölçümü yapıldı. İzokinetik test protokolü olarak; 5 tekrarlı 90º/sn. hızla testi anlama ve submaksimal ısınma hareketinden sonra, 5 tekrarlı 60º/sn. hızla ve 15 tekrarlı 180º/sn. hızla maksimal diz fleksiyon ve ekstansiyon hareketleri yaptırıldı. Değerlendirmeler bilateral olarak gerçekleştirildi ve öncelikle dominant taraf, 3 dk sonra non-dominant taraf değerlendirildi.Bulgular: Sporcuların H/Q peak tork oranı 60º/sn. hızda dominant taraf için % 53.55, non-dominant taraf için % 55.47 bulunurken 180º/sn. hızda dominant taraf için % 59.05, non-dominant taraf için % 61.34 bulundu. H/Q peak tork oranı dominant ve non-dominant taraf arasında karşılaştırıldığında her iki açısal hızda da farklılık bulunmadı (p>0,05). Sağ ve sol ekstremiteler asimetri açısından karşılaştırıldığında diz fleksiyon ve ekstansiyon izokinetik kas kuvveti farkının her iki açısal hızda da %10 un altında olduğu belirlendi. Bu durumun literatür ile uyumlu olduğu ve sağ-sol taraf arasında bir asimetri olmadığı sonucuna varıldı.Sonuç: Çalışmamız sonucunda Görme engelli uzun mesafe koşucularında 180º/sn. açısal hızda H/Q oranının normal sınırlardan daha düşük ve her iki tarafta diz fleksörleri aleyhinde olması yaralanma açısından risk oluşturmaktadır. Spor yaralanmalarının önlenmesi açısından sporcuların her açısal hıza özgü olan kas kuvvet dengesinin korunması ve spora özgü egzersizlerle çalıştırılması gereklidir.

Effects of Blood Flow Restriction During Rest From High-intensity Training on Muscle Hypertrophy and Muscle Strength

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsukasa Tanaka ◽  
Atsushi Kubota ◽  
Hayao Ozaki ◽  
Hirofumi Nishio ◽  
Yuji Takazawa
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Muscle Hypertrophy ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Numerical Rating Scale ◽  
Elbow Flexion ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Intensity Training ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Numerical Rating

Abstract Background: The present study investigated the effects of different timings of BFR during HIT on muscle hypertrophy, muscle strength, and pain during exercise.Methods: The study included 14 limbs from seven heathy males. Participants were divided into three groups: BFR during exercise (EX); BFR during rest (RE), and training only (CON). Participants performed elbow flexion exercises by BIODEX, two days / week for eight weeks. BFR was set at 120 mmHg pressure. Elbow flexor peak torque, and muscle cross-sectional area were measured, before and after the training period. The pain during exercise were measured during training.Results: The peak torque was significantly increased the RE and CON (p < 0.05), but no increase was observed in the EX. Exercise repetitions the RE (set 1, 26.5 ± 8.7 reps; set 2, 15.2 ± 8.0 reps; set 3, 13.1 ± 4.7 reps; set 4, 13.8 ± 6.3 reps) decreased two sets earlier than the CON (set 1, 28.0 ± 8.6 reps; set 2, 25.6 ± 7.5 reps; set 3, 24.4 ± 8.2 reps; and set 4, 23.8 ± 7.2 reps) (p < 0.01). The numerical rating scale was higher in the EX during exercise and in the RE during rest compared with the CON. However, the RE did not show exacerbated pain during exercise (p < 0.01).Conclusions: This present study showed that BFR during rest can lead to muscle hypertrophy and muscle strength with fewer exercise repetitions than training only. BFR during rest showed the greatest decreases in peak torque during exercise and did not exacerbate pain during exercise.

scholarly journals Acute effects of aerobic running on blood pressure In young normotens adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wollner Materko ◽  
Alex Lima Brito ◽  
Dilson Rodrigues Belfort
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Acute Effect ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Student’S T

The aim of the present study was to investigate the acute effects of blood pressure induced by moderate intensity aerobic exercise in young adults. Thirty-one individuals (18 women and 13 men) were submitted an anthropometric evaluation and a 40-min running protocol between 60% and 70% of the reserve heart rate. Hemodynamic measurements, systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were carried out before and after the running protocol through Student's t-test for the dependent variables. All tests assumed α = 0.05. Significant differences were recorded between SBP before (127.1 ± 11.5 mmHg) and after (119.9 ± 10.2 mmHg) the running protocol. The results showed a decrease in systolic blood pressure, which resulted in a mean difference of -7.2 ± 6.2 mmHg, demonstrating a significant difference (p = 0.00001). However, in the DBP before (73.6 ± 8.6 mmHg) and after (72.5 ± 7.8 mmHg) no showing a significant difference (p = 0.36) as an acute effect on the decrease the running protocol. In conclusion, that moderate intensity and long duration running exercise can be aided in the non-pharmacological treatment of arterial hypertension and as an improvement in cardiovascular health.

Acute effects of static stretching and dynamic stretching on range of motion and isometric muscle strength of the quadriceps

Physiotherapy ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 101 ◽  
pp. e753-e754
Author(s):  
Y. Kimoto ◽  
M. Wakasa ◽  
C. Shuit ◽  
A. Nakazawa ◽  
S. Iwasawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Static Stretching ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Dynamic Stretching ◽  
Isometric Muscle

The Acute Effects of Fast-Paced Walking on Isometric Peak Torque and Rate of Torque Development in Regularly Exercising and Inactive Older Women

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Ty B. Palmer ◽  
Jarrod Blinch ◽  
Ahalee C. Farrow ◽  
Chinonye C. Agu-Udemba ◽  
Ethan A. Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Rate Of Torque Development ◽  
Isometric Knee Extension ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Inactive Group ◽  
Torque Development

This study aimed to examine the acute effects of fast-paced walking on isometric peak torque and rate of torque development (RTD) in regular exercising and inactive older women. Ten regular exercising (67 ± 4 years) and 10 inactive (68 ± 4 years) older women performed three isometric knee extension contractions before and after a control condition (quiet resting) and an experimental condition of fast-paced walking for 6 min. Peak torque and early (RTD100), late (RTD200), and maximum (peak RTD) RTD measurements were obtained from each contraction. Results showed no significant changes in peak torque, peak RTD, or RTD200 after walking for either group (p > .050). A significant decrease in RTD100 was observed after walking for the inactive group (p = .005) but not for the regular exercisers (p = .909). These findings highlight the importance of physical activity and suggest that a task as simple as walking may impair the rapid strength capacities of inactive older women.

scholarly journals Sex difference in fatigability of knee extensor muscles during sustained low-level contractions

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryota Akagi ◽  
Shinya Sato ◽  
Kana Yoshihara ◽  
Hideki Ishimatsu ◽  
Ryoichi Ema
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Shear Modulus ◽  
Sex Difference ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Voluntary Activation ◽  
Peripheral Fatigue ◽  
Knee Extensors ◽  
Maximal Voluntary Isometric Contraction ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Maximal Muscle Strength

Abstract This study investigated whether the sex difference in fatigability of the knee extensors (KE) is explained by the sex difference in fatigue-induced changes in the shear modulus of one or more muscles of KE in 18 young men and 23 young women. The shear moduli of the resting rectus femoris and medial and lateral vastus muscles (VL) were measured before and after a sustained contraction at 20% peak torque during a maximal voluntary isometric contraction of KE until the endurance limit, in addition to evoked torque and voluntary activation (VA%). The fatigue-induced decrease in maximal muscle strength was more prominent in men than in women. Only the VL shear modulus for men increased after the fatiguing task, and a sex difference was observed in the percentage change in the VL shear modulus before and after the fatiguing task. The fatigue-induced decreased ratio was greater for men than for women in evoked torque, but not in VA%. These results suggest that although peripheral and central fatigue both influenced the fatigue-induced decrease in maximal muscle strength regardless of sex, the sex difference in KE fatigability is explained by that in peripheral fatigue, particularly the degree of peripheral VL fatigue.

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