Orofacial Dysfunction In Cleft And Non-Cleft Patients Using Nordic Orofacial Test - A Screening Study

Abstract Cleft lip, alveolus and palate is a congenital malformation caused by the lack of fusion of the lip and palate embryonic processes, which may disrupt the main functions of the stomatognathic system. Aim: This study aimed to assess the orofacial dysfunction in individuals with cleft lip, alveolus, and palate compared to non-cleft patients. One hundred and twenty individuals between 32 and 65 years of age were selected in the Craniofacial Center and in the School of Dentistry and divided into two groups: non-cleft patients (N-CLAP) and cleft lip, alveolus, and palate patients (CLAP). The two groups were matched by gender. Each individual was interviewed and submitted to a clinical evaluation during which the NOT-S was used to assess orofacial dysfunction. To verify the intra-examiner agreement, the values were compared using the Kappa test. The Mann-Whitney test compared performance on the NOT-S between the groups. The Chi-Square test compared the NOT-S domains between the groups. A comparison of the NOT-S scores between the groups revealed statistically significant differences in gender (p<0.001), but no statistically significant differences in the intragroup gender comparison were found. The assessment of the NOT-S domains between the N-CLAP and CLAP groups exhibited statistically significant differences in domains: breathing (p=0.021), chewing and swallowing (p<0.001), and dryness of the mouth (p=0.002) of the interview and significant differences in all domains of the clinical examination (p<0.001). Individuals with CLAP showed more orofacial dysfunction than non-cleft patients, without gender differences, after being assessed through the NOT-S.

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Association between speech and dental occlusion changes in children with cleft lip and palate and time of primary plastic surgeries

Revista CEFAC ◽

10.1590/1982-0216/202123412420 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 23 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Gabriela Ribeiro Schilling ◽

Maria Cristina de Almeida Freitas Cardoso ◽

Paulo Sérgio Gonçalves da Silva ◽

Marcia Angélica Peter Maahs

Keyword(s):

Cleft Lip ◽

Cleft Lip And Palate ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Dental Occlusion ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significance Level ◽

Exact Test ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Incisive Foramen

ABSTRACT Purpose: to describe the changes in speech and dental occlusion in children with cleft lip and palate and verify their association with each other and with the time of primary plastic surgeries. Methods: a cross-sectional study with collected data on the subjects’ identification, age at the time of primary surgeries, and clinical assessment of speech and dental occlusion. The chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, and t-test were used to verify the associations between the variables at the 5% significance level (p < 0.05). Results: the sample comprised 11 children aged 6 to 10 years, most of whom were males, self-reported white, with trans-incisive foramen cleft, predominantly on the left side. The mean age at lip repair surgery was 6 months, and 13 months at palatoplasty. Among the main dental occlusion changes, posterior and anterior crossbite stood out. All the subjects presented changed speech, with a prevalence of cases with dentoalveolar and palatine deformities, followed by passive and active changes. Subjects with anterior crossbite tended to have undergone primary lip repair surgery at a mean of four months earlier than the subjects without anterior crossbite. Conclusions: the associations between speech and dental occlusion changes, and between these and the time of primary plastic surgeries were not statistically significant. Even though it is known that early lip repair surgery is ideal to favor oral functions and aesthetics, the results revealed a tendency towards anterior crossbite, in these subjects.

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Possible association between craniofacial dimensions and genetic markers in ESR1 and ESR2

Journal of Orthodontics ◽

10.1177/1465312520901725 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 47 (1) ◽

pp. 65-71 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Marjorie Ayumi Omori ◽

Jennifer Tsi Gerber ◽

Guido Artemio Marañón-Vásquez ◽

Mirian Aiko Nakane Matsumoto ◽

Suyany Gabriely Weiss ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Markers ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Lateral Cephalograms ◽

Mandibular Body ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium ◽

Polymerase Chain ◽

School Of Dentistry

Objective: To investigate the association of genetic markers in ESR1 and ESR2 with craniofacial measurements. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo. Participants: A total of 146 biologically unrelated, self-reported Caucasian Brazilians with no syndromic conditions were included. Methods: Sagittal and vertical measurements (ANB, S-N, Ptm’-A’, Co-Gn, Go-Pg, N-Me, ANS-Me, S-Go and Co-Go) from lateral cephalograms were examined for craniofacial evaluation. DNA was extracted from saliva and genetic markers in ESR1 (rs2234693 and rs9340799) and in ESR2 (rs1256049 and rs4986938) were analysed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium was evaluated using the Chi-square test within each marker. The associations between craniofacial dimensions and genotypes were analysed by linear regression and adjusted by sex and age. The established alpha was 5%. Results: Individuals carrying CC in ESR1 rs2234693 had a decrease of –3.146 mm in ANS-Me ( P = 0.044). In addition, rs4986938 in ESR2 was associated with S-N measurement ( P = 0.009/ ß = –3.465). This marker was also associated with Go-Pg measurement, in which the CC genotype had a decrease of –3.925 mm in the length of the mandibular body ( P = 0.043). Conclusion: The present study suggests that in ESR1 and ESR2 are markers for variations in the craniofacial dimensions. However, further research should confirm the results.

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The view of parents and teachers about the occurrence of deleterious oral habits in a group of preschool children

Revista CEFAC ◽

10.1590/1982-0216/201921214418 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Denise Maria Zaratini Fernandes ◽

Maria Cecília Marconi Pinheiro Lima

Keyword(s):

Preschool Children ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Present Sample ◽

Oral Habits ◽

Stomatognathic System ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Self Administered Questionnaire

ABSTRACT Objective: to compare the parents and teachers views about the occurrence of deleterious oral habits in preschool children. Methods: a cross - sectional study with a quantitative analysis. Parents and teachers answered a self-administered questionnaire regarding the deleterious habits of preschool children and signed the Informed Consent Term. At the end, 221questionaries were included. The data were submitted to Chi-square test, Fisher exact and McNemar tests. Results: according to the parents, the most frequent habit was the bottle with 52.04%, followed by the pacifier with 24.09%. According to the teachers, the pacifier was the most frequent one, accounting for 20.36% of cases, followed by the use of bottle (7.69%). In the present sample, 90.95% of the children were breastfed. When related to oral habits, it was observed that the longer the breastfeeding time, the lower the use of pacifiers and bottles. By comparing the questionnaires, it was verified that the parents noticed, more frequently, the oral habits than did the teachers. Conclusion: in the group studied, the parents reported more the presence of deleterious oral habits than did the teachers. It is important that parents, and especially teachers, have information about the harm caused by the prolonged presence of such habits, so that they can encourage their interruption, thus, avoiding possible damages to the stomatognathic system and the performance of orofacial functions.

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Relation between Angle Class II malocclusion and deleterious oral habits

Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics ◽

10.1590/s2176-94512012000600022 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 17 (6) ◽

pp. 111-117

Author(s):

José Tarcísio Lima Ferreira ◽

Maria do Rosário Ferreira Lima ◽

Luciana Zappeloni Pizzolato

Keyword(s):

Class Ii ◽

Class Ii Malocclusion ◽

Class Iii ◽

Chi Square ◽

Significance Level ◽

Oral Habits ◽

Angle Class Ii ◽

Stomatognathic System ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

History Of

INTRODUCTION: Oral habits may interfere on the growth and development of the stomatognathic system and orofacial myofunctional conditions, producing changes in the position of teeth in their dental arches. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to verify the presence of deleterious oral habits in individuals with malocclusion and see if there is a predominance of Class II malocclusion in these individuals. METHODS: The records of 140 patients treated at the Clinic of Preventive Orthodontics FORP-USP who had already completed treatment were randomly selected and analyzed. Their ages ranged from 6 to 10 years and 11 months. Associations were made between the presence or absence of deleterious oral habits, type and number of habits found in each individual and the type of malocclusion according to Angle classification. The statistical analysis used was the Chi-square test with a significance level of 5%. History of deleterious oral habits was found in 67.1% of individuals. RESULTS: The Class I malocclusion was most frequent (82.9%), followed by Class II malocclusion (12.1%) and Class III (5%). CONCLUSION: There was a predominance of Class II malocclusion in individuals with a history of deleterious oral habits.

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Genetic Variants in Folate and Cobalamin Metabolism-Related Genes in Nonsyndromic Cleft Lip and/or Palate

Brazilian Dental Journal ◽

10.1590/0103-6440201300394 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 26 (6) ◽

pp. 561-565 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Márcia Waltrick-Zambuzzi ◽

Patricia Nivoloni Tannure ◽

Thays Cristine dos Santos Vieira ◽

Leonardo Santos Antunes ◽

Fábio Lourenço Romano ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cleft Lip ◽

Cleft Lip And Palate ◽

Taqman Assay ◽

Control Group ◽

Chi Square ◽

Polymorphic Genotype ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium ◽

Cobalamin Metabolism ◽

And Control

The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of the polymorphisms in TCN2 (rs1801198) gene and in MTRR (rs1801394) gene with nonsyndromic cleft lip and/or palate (NSCL/P) in a Brazilian population. Genomic DNA was extracted from buccal cells. The polymorphisms in TCN2 (rs1801198) and MTRR (rs1801394) genes were genotyped by carrying out real-time PCR and Taqman assay. Chi-square test was used to determine the association between genotype and allele frequencies with NSCL/P and NSCL/P subgroups (cleft lip only, cleft lip and palate, and cleft palate only). Eight hundred and sixty seven unrelated individuals (401 cases with NSCL/P and 466 individuals without cleft) were evaluated. Genotype distributions of TCN2 and MTRR polymorphisms were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The TCN2 polymorphic genotype GG was identified in 16.7% of the NSCL/P group and in 14.1% of the non-cleft group (p>0.05). Similarly, the frequency of MTRR genotype (GG) was similar in NSCL/P group (15.5%) and control group (17.8%) (p>0.05). Multivariate analysis showed an association between MTRR and the subgroup that the mother smoked during pregnancy (p=0.039). Our findings did not demonstrate an association between TCN2 polymorphisms and NSCL/P, however suggests an association between MTRR and NSCL/P etiology

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Correlation of placental histomorphology with doppler velocimetry in preeclampsia and IUGR and their perinatal outcome

International Journal of Reproduction Contraception Obstetrics and Gynecology ◽

10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20212673 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 2811

Author(s):

Divya Solipuram ◽

Akhila Vasudeva ◽

Prashanth Adiga ◽

Ashwin Das ◽

Antony Sylvan D' Souza

Keyword(s):

Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽

Perinatal Outcome ◽

Grading System ◽

Low Grade ◽

High Grade ◽

Chi Square ◽

Intrauterine Growth ◽

Kappa Test ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Histomorphological Changes

Background: Though numerous placental ischemic changes are described in relation to placental insufficiency, universally accepted criteria are unavailable till date leading to under or over reporting. Present study is an attempt to define standardized grading system for placental dysmorphology and correlate it with Doppler changes. The objective was to study placental histomorphology in preeclampsia and IUGR (Intrauterine Growth Restriction), to correlate the placental histomorphology with multivessel Doppler findings and their perinatal outcome in preeclampsia and IUGR.Methods: Prospective study was done over 2 years, 64 antenatal women with preeclampsia and/or IUGR were recruited, their multivessel Doppler measurements were recorded and placental histomorphological changes were studied post-delivery which were graded as either low or high grade placentas considering degree and number of ischemic changes observed.Results: Out of 64 cases, 33 (51.5%) cases had low grade changes and 31 (48.5%) had high grade changes. Out of 33 patients with low grade placentas 24 (73%) had normal Doppler, 20 (65%) out of 31 high grade placenta had abnormal Doppler. Placental histomorphology correlated well with Doppler abnormality (Coefficient of Kappa test). Syncytial knots>50%, presence of hypermature villi, infarcts, fibrin deposits were significantly associated with abnormal Doppler. High grade placenta group had significantly poor perinatal outcome (Chi square test).Conclusions: We formulated a grading system of placental dysmorphology in preeclampsia and IUGR which correlated well with clinical Doppler abnormality and perinatal outcome. Further studies are warranted to develop preventive strategies aimed at specific high grade placental changes seen in pregnancies with abnormal Doppler and develop strategies to improve perinatal outcome.

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A Clinical Study Investigating Whether the Tongue-Out Position Improves the Quality of the Anatomical Appearance of the Pharynx on CT Imaging

Frontiers in Surgery ◽

10.3389/fsurg.2021.732607 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Jin-Long Wu ◽

Rui-Gang Ge ◽

Guang-Jian Tang

Keyword(s):

Normal Distribution ◽

Soft Palate ◽

Ct Images ◽

Chi Square ◽

Pyriform Fossa ◽

Kappa Test ◽

A Value ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

The Difference

Objective: To evaluate the effect of using the tongue-out position on the quality of the anatomical appearance of the pharynx on computed tomography (CT) images.Methods: The data from enhanced CT thin-section images of the head and neck in 119 cases scanned were retrospectively analyzed. The cases were divided into two groups based on the position of the tip of the tongue on the images: the tongue-out group (63 cases) and non-tongue-out group (56 cases). Two observers separately evaluated the anatomy of the soft palate, uvula, palatine tonsils, epiglottis, epiglottic fossa, pyriform fossa, arytenoid folds, and tongue on all images. The Kappa test was applied to assess the consistency of scores between the two observers. In the case of data that satisfied the normal distribution, the significance of the difference in the average scores between the two groups was tested using an independent samples t-test with a value of p > 0.05. In the case of data that did not satisfy the normal distribution, the Mann–Whitney U test was adopted to test the significance of the difference in the average scores between the two groups using a value of p < 0.05. The number of cases with swallowing artifacts on the CT images in both groups was statistically analyzed and the chi-square test was used to determine whether the difference in the incidence of artifacts between the two groups was significant.Results: The Kappa test showed good consistency between the two observers scoring of the soft palate, uvula, epiglottis, epiglottic fossa, pyriform fossa, aryepiglottic folds, and tongue. The image scores of the soft palate, uvula, epiglottis, epiglottic fossa, and tongue in the tongue-out group vs. the non-tongue-out group did not satisfy the normal distribution. The Mann–Whitney U test showed that the differences in the image scores between the two groups were statistically significant in all cases (p < 0.05). The incidence of swallowing artifacts in the tongue-out group and the non-tongue-out group was 15 and 32%, respectively. The result of the chi-square test showed that the difference in the incidence of swallowing artifacts between the two groups was statistically significant (p = 0.037).Conclusion: The tongue-out position facilitated an improvement in the CT appearance of pharyngeal anatomy and was associated with a reduction in the incidence of swallowing artifacts.

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Association of the profile of individuals with cleft lip/palate with the beginning of orthopedic/ orthodontic treatment

RSBO ◽

10.21726/rsbo.v14i2.644 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 86-93

Author(s):

Madiana Magalhães Moreira ◽

Pedro Diniz Rebouças ◽

Maria Lúcia Bonfim Chagas ◽

Luan Cartaxo Félix ◽

Paulo Goberlânio de Barros Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Cleft Lip ◽

Cleft Lip And Palate ◽

Geographic Origin ◽

Panoramic Radiograph ◽

Mixed Dentition ◽

Chi Square ◽

Reference Hospital ◽

Cleft Lip Palate ◽

Chi Square Test

Cleft lip and palate (CLP) is the most frequent congenital malformation among the anomalies of the head and neck. The orthopedic/orthodontic treatment is included in the rehabilitation of these individuals, however there is no consensus in the literature regarding the ideal time for its beginning. Objective: To verify and characterize the profile of individuals with CLP treated at a reference hospital of the northeast of Brazil from 1998 to 2013 and its association with the beginning of the orthopedic/ orthodontic treatment. Material and methods: Through direct observation of medical records, panoramic radiograph, and study casts of 323 individuals, data regarding sex, cleft type, origin and age of beginning of the orthopedic/orthodontic treatment were surveyed and analyzed using the chi-square test, considering a 5% level of significance. Results: Most of the individuals had transforamen and the unilateral cleft was the most prevalent (p<0.05). Females were statistically more affected by post-foramen cleft and males by trans-foramen cleft (p><0.05). Most individuals with trans-foramen cleft and post-foramen cleft started the orthopedic/ orthodontic treatment between 8 and 12 years old (p><0.05). No statistically significant differences occurred relating the beginning><0.05). Females were statistically more affected by post-foramen cleft and males by trans-foramen cleft (p<0.05). Most individuals with trans-foramen cleft and post-foramen cleft started the orthopedic/ orthodontic treatment between 8 and 12 years old (p<0.05). No statistically significant differences occurred relating the beginning> <0.05). No statistically significant differences occurred relating the beginning of the orthopedic/orthodontic treatment with geographic origin and sex of, although most of them have started treatment at late mixed dentition. Conclusion: Regardless of gender, origin, or cleft type, most patients started orthopedic treatment up to 12 years-old, an age considered ideal by most protocols. Unilateral and trans-foramen cleft were the most prevalent cleft types. post-foramen cleft affected more females, while trans-foramen cleft affected more males.

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Needlestick Injuries and Associated Psychosocial Factors Among the Students of Dental School

Journal of Arak University of Medical Sciences ◽

10.32598/jams.24.3.6209.2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 24 (3) ◽

pp. 398-411

Author(s):

Mohammad Bakhtavar ◽

◽

Seyed Mehrzad Shaddel ◽

Ehsan Mmomeni ◽

Vahideh Nazari ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Psychological Factors ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Dental Students ◽

Needlestick Injury ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Four Dimensions ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

School Of Dentistry

Background and Aim: Needlestick injury (NSJ) is a common occupational health problem among dental healthcare workers, putting them at significant risk for blood-borne infections. This study aimed to investigate occupational exposure to NSJ and the psychological factors associated with it among dentistry students. Methods & Materials: This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out on students in the Arak school of dentistry training curriculum in the last three years in 2018. The questionnaires included questions about students’ awareness of NSJ conditions, the frequency of vaccinations, and antibody titration tests. The SCL-90 (Symptom checklist-90) questionnaire assessed psychological factors after NSJ in four dimensions of anxiety, phobia, self-morbidity, and depression. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistical methods and a chi-square test. Ethical Considerations: The study was approved by the Arak University of Medical Sciences (Code: IR.ARAKMU.REC.1397.269). Results: Of the eighty students surveyed, 59 students had experienced NSJ at least once. However, only 25.4% of students had reported the NSJ occurrence. The highest incidence rate of NSJ was reported in the endodontics section. In addition, 80% of students had received hepatitis B vaccinations. Based on the SCL-90 test, the anxiety dimension was more affected by NSJ than the other dimensions. Conclusion: Despite the high prevalence of NSJ in dental students, the rate of reporting after the accident is very low. Also, due to the lack of attention to vaccination in some students, there is a need for more infection control training. Based on the SCL-90 test, the occurrence of NS is effective in causing psychological problems.

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Anxiety presented by children facing dental treatment

RGO - Revista Gaúcha de Odontologia ◽

10.1590/1981-863720180003000033302 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 66 (3) ◽

pp. 212-218

Author(s):

Cícera Alane de OLIVERA ◽

Tamara GAMA ◽

Evalena Lima CABRAL ◽

Camila Helena Machado da Costa FIGUEIREDO ◽

Gymenna Maria Tenório GUÊNES ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dental Treatment ◽

Dental Anxiety ◽

Anxiety Scale ◽

Chi Square ◽

Waiting Room ◽

Exact Test ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

School Of Dentistry ◽

Level Of Significance ◽

Rotary Instrument

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the profile of children from 6 to 12 years of age, in relation to anxiety towards dental treatment and evaluate the main factors that trigger anxiety in this population. Methods: The sample was composed of 200 children with an average age of 8.5 years who attended the Clinic of the School of Dentistry of the Federal University of Campina Grande and the Basic Healthcare Units of the municipality of Patos, Paraíba, Brazil between June 2015 and May 2016. Anxiety was assessed using the Dental Anxiety Scale and the Venham Picture Test. The Chi-Square test and Fisher’s exact test were used to explore the level of significance of the associations between the variables Results: Anxiety was observed in the majority of children (Dental Anxiety Scale - 89% and Venham Picture Test - 70.5%) and the predominant levels were low to moderate. The child´s age group was significantly associated with anxiety (p=0.014) by the Venham Picture Test, while gender did not present this correlation. Anxiety was influenced by all the factors studied: making the appointment, waiting room, rotary instrument and periodontal scaling. Conclusion: The majority of children presented anxiety and the trigger factors: making the appointment, waiting room, rotary instrument and periodontal scaling contributed considerably to its development.

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