scholarly journals Demographics and spatial pattern on three populations of Myrtaceae in the Ombrophilous Mixed Forest

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (9) ◽  
pp. 1579-1584
Author(s):  
Juliano Pereira Gomes ◽  
Paula Iaschitzki Ferreira ◽  
Helen Michels Dacoregio ◽  
Caroline Sartorato Silva França ◽  
Pedro Higuchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Spatial Pattern ◽  
Frequency Distribution ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Demographic Structure ◽  
Environmental Filters ◽  
Size Classes ◽  
Size Classification ◽  
Morisita's Index ◽  
Spatial Randomness

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to characterize the demographic structure and spatial pattern of Campomanesia xanthocarpa (Mart.) O. Berg, Myrcianthes gigantea (D. Legrand) D. Legrand and Myrciaria delicatula (DC.) O. Berg. Within one hectare of Ombrophilous Mixed Forest, all the three populations' individuals were counted and measured with regard to their height and diameter. From the collected data, the assessment of the demographic structure was realized after the individual's size classification. Spatial pattern was determined by applying the Standardized Morisita's Index. C. xanthocarpa and M. delicatula showed an inverted-J frequency distribution in the individuals size classes, which differed from M. gigantea that did not follow the same pattern. The spatial pattern of C. xanthocarpa and M. delicatula populations was found mainly to be aggregated; whereas, M. gigantea showed spatial randomness. The three Myrtaceae populations responded differently with regard to structure and spatial distribution in sites with the same environmental filters.

Spatial Patterns of Urban Innovation and Their Evolution from Perspectives of Capacity and Structure: Taking Shenzhen as an Example

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Erjie Hu ◽  
Di Hu ◽  
Handong He
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Spatial Pattern ◽  
Distribution Pattern ◽  
Spatial Patterns ◽  
Spillover Effect ◽  
Tertiary Industry ◽  
Innovation Capacity ◽  
Structure Index ◽  
Secondary Industry ◽  
Spatial Spillover Effect

Innovation is a key factor for a country’s overall national strength and core competitiveness. The spatial pattern of innovation reflects the regional differences of innovation development, which can provide guidance for the regional allocation of innovation resources. Most studies on the spatial pattern of innovation are at urban and above spatial scale, but studies at urban internal scale are insufficient. The precision and index of the spatial pattern of innovation in the city needs to be improved. This study proposes to divide spatial units based on geographic coordinates of patents, designs the innovation capability and innovation structure index of a spatial unit and their calculation methods, and then reveals the spatial patterns of innovation and their evolutionary characteristics in Shenzhen during 2000–2018. The results show that: (1) The pattern of innovation capacity of secondary industry exhibited a pronounced spatial spillover effect with a positive spatial correlation. The innovation capacity and innovation structure index of the secondary industry evolved in a similar manner; i.e., they gradually extended from the southwest area to the north over time, forming a tree-like distribution pattern with the central part of the southwest area as the “root” and the northwest and northeast areas as the “canopy”. (2) The pattern of innovation capacity of tertiary industry also had a significant spatial spillover effect with a positive spatial correlation. There were differences between the evolutions of innovation capacity and innovation structure index of tertiary industry. Specifically, its innovation capacity presented a triangular spatial distribution pattern with three groups in the central and eastern parts of the southwest area and the south-eastern part of the northwest area as the vertices, while its innovative structure showed a radial spatial distribution pattern with the southwestern part of the southwest area as the source and a gradually sparse distribution toward the northeast. (3) There were differences between the evolution modes of secondary and tertiary industries. Areas with high innovation capacity in the secondary industry tended to be more balanced, while areas with high innovation capacity in the tertiary industry did not necessarily have a balanced innovation structure. Through the method designed in this paper, the spatial pattern of urban innovation can be more precise and comprehensive revealed, and provide useful references for the development of urban innovation.

scholarly journals Occurrence of tuberculosis cases in Crato, Ceará, from 2002 to 2011: a spatial analisys of specific standards

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayrla Lima Pinto ◽  
Talina Carla da Silva ◽  
Lidiane Cristina Félix Gomes ◽  
Maria Rita Bertolozzi ◽  
Lourdes Milagros Mendoza Villavicencio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Spatial Pattern ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Temporal Trend ◽  
Kernel Method ◽  
Quantitative Approach ◽  
Point Pattern ◽  
Hybrid Design ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Population Groups

OBJECTIVE: to analyze the spatial distribution of tuberculosis in Crato, Ceará, Brazil, from 2002 to 2011, aiming to check for a point pattern. METHODS: This is an ecological, temporal trend and hybrid design study, with a quantitative approach. A total of 261 cases of tuberculosis were geo-referenced and 20 (7.1%) were considered as losses due to the lack of address. The profile of patients in 10 years of study was in accordance with the following pattern: men aged between 20 and 59 years, with low schooling, affected by the pulmonary form of tuberculosis and who were cured from the disease. RESULTS: The analysis of the spatial distribution of tuberculosis points out that in the period of study, new cases of the disease were not distributed on a regular basis, indicating a clustered spatial pattern, confirmed by the L-function. The map with the density of new cases estimated by the Kernel method showed that the "hot" areas are more concentrated in the vicinity of the central urban area. CONCLUSION: The study allowed pointing out areas of higher and lower concentration of tuberculosis, identifying the spatial pattern, but it also recognized that the disease has not reached all of the population groups with the same intensity. Those who were most vulnerable were the ones who lived in regions with higher population densities, precarious living conditions, and with intense flow of people.

Potential contact statistics for measuring scale-dependent spatial pattern and association: an example of northern cod (Gadus morhua) and capelin (Mallotus villosus)

2000 ◽  
Vol 57 (7) ◽  
pp. 1355-1368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard L O'Driscoll ◽  
David C Schneider ◽  
George A Rose ◽  
George R Lilly
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Spatial Pattern ◽  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
Simulated Data ◽  
Point Pattern Analysis ◽  
Point Pattern ◽  
Mallotus Villosus ◽  
Capelin Mallotus Villosus ◽  
Potential Contact

Analysis of simulated data showed that potential contact statistics could be used to describe spatial pattern in sample density data. Potential contact is a new method, analogous to Ripley's K function for mapped point pattern analysis. Potential contact can be used to describe spatial pattern and association over a range of scales without grouping data and is robust against the presence of zeros. The statistical output is ecologically interpretable, as a measure of the degree of contact between individuals. This new technique was applied to examine changes in the spatial distribution of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) off Newfoundland, Canada, from 1985 to 1994, a period that encompassed a collapse of the cod stock. Sample data from bottom-trawl surveys indicated that cod were aggregated in patches with dimensions of 100-250 km. During the period of cod decline in the 1990s, spatial structure changed in three ways: the number of patches decreased, patch size shrank, and contact with conspecifics at small (10-20 km) scales fell. Cod were broadly associated with capelin (Mallotus villosus), a major prey species. Spatial distribution of capelin changed over the same time period as changes in cod distribution, and there was no evidence that contact between cod and capelin decreased.

scholarly journals Geospatial characterizing of Under-Five Mortality in Alexandria, Egypt

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Adel Hassan ◽  
Ahmed Mohamed Ramadan ◽  
Mohamed Mostafa Tahoun ◽  
Abdelrahman Omran ◽  
Shimaa Gad El-karim Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Spatial Pattern ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Size Population ◽  
Access To Water ◽  
Alexandria City ◽  
Low Incidence

This study aimed to identify geo-spatial pattern of under-five mortality (U5M) in Alexandria and its key determinants. We analyzed the geospatial distribution of 3064 deaths registered at 24 health offices reported from January 2018 to June 2019. The localities of Alexandria city were clustered into high and low incidence areas. Neonates represented 58.7% of U5M, while post-neonates and children were 31.1%, 10.2% respectively. Male deaths were significantly higher (P=0.036). The main leading causes of U5M were prematurity (28.32%), pneumonia (11.01%), cardiac arrest (10.57%), congenital malformation (9.95%), and childhood cardiovascular diseases (9.20%). Spatial distribution of U5M (including the most common three causes) tend to be clustered in western parts of Alexandria (El Hawaria, Bahig, Hamlis and Ketaa Maryiut). Another 9 clusters are at risk of being hotspots. Illiteracy, divorce, and poor locality characteristics (household size, population density, and access to water supply and sanitation), were statistically significant predictors of U5M.

scholarly journals Geospatial Distribution of Public Secondary in Gombe Local Government Area, Gombe State of Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-39
Author(s):  
Yila Caiaphas Makadi ◽  
Abecca Stephen Sati ◽  
Ismail Dankaka
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Spatial Pattern ◽  
Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Local Government Area ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Public Secondary School ◽  
Data Survey ◽  
Senior Secondary

The paper reviews research tradition of accessibility level and spatial distribution of student in public secondary school in gombe local government area, Gombe state. Primary and secondary data were used for the study. Primary data was collected using questionnaire and a hand-held GPS receiver to capture the coordinate points of schools and other relevant data. Secondary data include administrative map, population figures of both students and Teachers, Names and addresses of the secondary schools in the study area. The data were analyzed using geographic information techniques. From the data survey carried out, the result of the analysis showed the accessibility level and spatial distribution of school in Gombe were seventeen (17) public senior secondary and total number of students were nineteen thousand and eleven (19,011). The nearest neighbor analysis (NNA) for the spatial pattern of school were carried out based on each ward in study area which as ten (10) wards in each ward revealed two major spatial distributions. The spatial pattern of the Gombe LGA has Nearest Neighbour Ratio (NNR): 3.385087, Bolari East ward with NNR: 3.385087 and Shamaki wards NNR: 1.600148, which showed dispersed pattern, while Jekada Fari ward with NNR: 0.214890, Pantami ward with NNR: 0.226863, and Herwo Gana wards with NNR: 0.185239, were showed clustered pattern. The nearest neighbor index shows clustered pattern for all the wards in the local government area except Bolari East and Shamaki wards that has dispersed pattern of distribution. The implication of these two patterns means that accessibility is poor in the study area. Students travel than normal to overcome the function of distance.

Spatial Distribution of Pink Wax Scale, Ceroplastes Rubens Maskell (Hemiptera: Coccidae), on Umbrella Trees in South-Eastern Queensland: the Pattern of Outbreaks

1996 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 599 ◽  
Author(s):  
AD Loch ◽  
MP Zalucki
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Spatial Pattern ◽  
Patchy Distribution ◽  
Death Rates ◽  
Limited Movement ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Environmental Suitability ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Dispersal Success

The spatial pattern of outbreaks of pink wax scale, Ceroplastes rubens Maskell, within and among umbrella trees, Schefflera actinophylla (Endl.), in southeastern Queensland was investigated. Pink wax scale was common on S. actinophylla, with approximately 84% of trees positive for scale and 14% of bees recording outbreak densities exceeding 0.4 adults per leaflet. Highly aggregated distributions of C. rubens occur within and among umbrella trees. Clumped distributions within trees appear to result from variable birth and death rates and limited movement of first instar crawlers. The patchy distribution of pink wax scale among trees is probably a consequence of variation in dispersal success of scale, host and environmental suitability for establishment and rates of biological control. Pink wax scale was more prevalent on trees in roadside positions and in exposed situations, indicating that such trees are more suitable and/or susceptible to scale colonisation.

scholarly journals Archaeal Assemblages Inhabiting Temperate Mixed Forest Soil Fluctuate in Taxon Composition and Spatial Distribution over Time

Archaea ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colby A. Swanson ◽  
Marek K. Sliwinski
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Forest Soil ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Taxonomic Rank ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Temperate Mixed Forest ◽  
Taxon Composition ◽  
Over Time

This study explored the persistence and spatial distribution of a diverse Archaeal assemblage inhabiting a temperate mixed forest ecosystem. Persistence under native conditions was measured from 2001 to 2010, 2011, and 2012 by comparison of 16S rRNA gene clone libraries. The Archaeal assemblages at each of these time points were found to be significantly different (AMOVA,P<0.01), and the nature of this difference was dependent on taxonomic rank. For example, the cosmopolitan genus g_Ca.Nitrososphaera (I.1b) was detected at all time points, but within this taxon the abundance of s_SCA1145, s_SCA1170, and s_Ca.N. gargensis fluctuated over time. In addition, spatial heterogeneity (patchiness) was measured at these time points using 1D TRFLP-SSCP fingerprinting to screen soil samples covering multiple spatial scales. This included soil collected from small volumes of 3 cubic centimeters to larger scales—over a surface area of 50 m2, plots located 1.3 km apart, and a separate locality 23 km away. The spatial distribution of Archaea in these samples changed over time, and while g_Ca.Nitrososphaera (I.1b) was dominant over larger scales, patches were found at smaller scales that were dominated by other taxa. This study measured the degree of change for Archaeal taxon composition and patchiness over time in temperate mixed forest soil.

Environmental filters and seedling recruitment on a coastal dune in subarctic Quebec (Canada)

1996 ◽  
Vol 74 (9) ◽  
pp. 1507-1513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilles Houle
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Spatial Pattern ◽  
Seedling Establishment ◽  
Seedling Recruitment ◽  
Salt Spray ◽  
Spatial Segregation ◽  
Coastal Dune ◽  
Seedling Mortality ◽  
Environmental Filters ◽  
Dune System

One important factor that often determines the presence of a plant species on a site is propagule availability. Afterwards, abiotic and biotic factors act as a series of filters operating sequentially from the seed to the adult stage, determining the pattern of recruitment. By comparing the spatial pattern of emerging seedlings to those of seed availability and of surviving seedlings, one can determine the relative importance of the environmental filters acting on the seed germination and the seedling establishment phases. On a coastal dune system in subarctic Quebec (Canada), sand accumulation, salt spray, and substrate physicochemistry, all affecting microsite quality for seeds and seedlings, vary along a short topographical gradient. My goal was to determine whether or not conditions changing along this gradient differentially affect the initial stages of population recruitment of two perennial herbaceous species for which adults are segregated along the gradient: Honckenya peploides and Elymus mollis. The spatial pattern of seeds in the seed bank and that of emerging seedlings were not related to one another for either Honckenya or Elymus. However, patterns of surviving seedlings were spatially correlated with those of emerging seedlings. Seed and seedling mortality were not density dependent; they were both spatially variable, although not clinal. These results suggest that the environmental filters acting on the germination stage are those that determine the spatial patterns of recruitment. Spatial segregation along the flank of the foredune between adults of the two species studied thus seems to be maintained in part (and maybe reinforced) by low seed mobility, or low seed retention, and the availability of suitable microsites for seed germination. Population progression towards the upper beach seems to depend mostly on seedling establishment for Honckenya but on clonal growth for Elymus. Keywords: Elymus mollis, Honckenya peploides, Hudson Bay, partial Mantel test, spatial segregation, Whapmagoostui-Kuujjuaraapik.

Distribution of Attacks by Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopk. on Pinus contorta Dougl. var. latifolia Engelm.

1965 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. F. Shepherd
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Frequency Distribution ◽  
Small Area ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Dendroctonus Ponderosae ◽  
Important Influence ◽  
Sampling Techniques ◽  
Area Sampling ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Number Of Branches

AbstractThe incidence of attacks by Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopk. (= monticolae) was recorded by square-foot quadrats from the total bark surface of 60 lodgepole pine trees, Pinus contorta Dougl. var. latifolia Engelm., according to location on the tree, proximity to branches, and degree of bark roughness. The frequency distribution of attack density was bimodal, but the bimodality was an artifact of sampling from a population having a varying mean density. A log (x + 1) transformation of the data permits the use of parametric tests. Alternative non-area sampling techniques showed that the spatial distribution of attacks within a small area tended toward regularity, probably following the distribution of bark niches. The greatest variance in attack density was associated with height, followed by areas, trees, diameters and aspects. Bark roughness was an important influence of distribution but number of branches was not.

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