Bispectral index assessment in calves subjected to the continuous infusion of propofol combined with fentanyl administration

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to evaluate the bispectral index (BIS) effects in calves through continuous infusion of propofol with or without fentanyl. Eight Holstein male calves (ages from six to twelve months old) with an average weight of 123±18kg were used. All animals participated in both groups, always keeping a minimum interval of one week between the anesthetic procedures; the calves were randomly distributed between groups. Anesthesia was induced with an intravenous (IV) dose of propofol of 5mg kg-1 in control group (GP) or with propofol (4mg kg-1) associated with IV fentanyl 0.001mg kg-1(GF). All the calves were positioned in right lateral recumbency and were allowed to spontaneously breathe room air. Subsequently, the anesthesia was maintained by continuous infusion of propofol at the rate of 0.6mg kg-1 min-1 IV in GP, and associated with the infusion of fentanyl 0.001mg kg-1 hour-1 in GF. Measurements of BIS, signal quality index (SQI) and electromyography (EMG) were evaluated before anesthesia induction (TB), and at 15, 30, 45 and 60 minutes after the beginning of continuous drugs infusion (T15, T30, T45 and T60, respectively). The heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (f), end-tidal carbon dioxide tension (ETCO2) and recovery times were evaluated as well. No significant differences were observed between the groups in the BIS variables and the recovery time was longer in GF. Co-administration of propofol and fentanyl infusions, at the doses reported here, did not change the values of BIS in cattle, but delayed the recovery time.

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Cardiorespiratory variables, bispectral index and recovery of anesthesia in dogs anesthetized with isoflurane, treated or not with tramadol

Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia ◽

10.1590/s0102-09352008000300014 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 60 (3) ◽

pp. 613-619 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

P.A. Borges ◽

N. Nunes ◽

V.F. Barbosa ◽

E.D.V. Conceição ◽

C.T.D. Nishimori ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Heart Rate ◽

Bispectral Index ◽

Recovery Time ◽

Saline Solution ◽

Control Group ◽

End Tidal Carbon Dioxide ◽

Index Changes ◽

End Tidal

It was studied fortuitous cardiorespiratory and bispectral index changes in dogs anesthetized with isoflurane associated or not to tramadol. Sixteen dogswere distributed in two groups named CG (control group) and TG (tramadol group). General anesthesia was induced in all animals with isoflurane via mask. After 10 minutes, the animals of CG received 0.05ml/kg of saline solution at 0.9%, and TG received 2mg/kg of tramadol, both via intramuscular. It was evaluated heart rate, systolic, diastolic and mean arterial pressures; electrocardiography; respiratory rate; oxihemoglobin saturation; end tidal carbon dioxide; bispectral index and recovery of anesthesia. The administration of tramadol in dogs anesthetized with isoflurane did not produce changes in cardiorespiratory variables, bispectral index and anesthetic recovery time. In addition, this association promoted good quality of anesthetic recovery.

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Reduction of the Minimum Alveolar Concentration of Isoflurane by Dexmedetomidine

Anesthesiology ◽

10.1097/00000542-199705000-00008 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 86 (5) ◽

pp. 1055-1060 ◽

Cited By ~ 130

Author(s):

Riku Aantaa ◽

Marja-Leena Jaakola ◽

Antero Kallio ◽

Jussi Kanto

Keyword(s):

Minimum Alveolar Concentration ◽

Study Drug ◽

Abdominal Hysterectomy ◽

Skin Incision ◽

Control Group ◽

High Dose ◽

Anesthesia Induction ◽

Drug Infusion ◽

Target Plasma Concentration ◽

End Tidal

Background alpha 2-Adrenergic agonists have been shown to reduce anesthetic requirements of other anesthetics, and they may even act as complete anesthetics by themselves at high doses in animal models. The present study was designed to define the interaction of intravenous infusion of dexmedetomidine, an alpha 2-adrenergic agonist, and isoflurane in patients having surgery by using the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of isoflurane as the measure of anesthetic potency. Methods Forty-nine women scheduled for abdominal hysterectomy were randomly allocated to receive either a placebo infusion (n = 16) or a two-stage infusion of dexmedetomidine with target plasma concentration of 0.3 ng/ml (n = 17) or 0.6 ng/ml (n = 16). The study drug infusion was commenced 15 min before induction of anesthesia with thiopental and alfentanil and was continued until skin incision. The end-tidal concentration of isoflurane for each patient was predetermined according to the "up-down" method of Dixon, and it was maintained for at least 15 min before the patient's response to skin incision was assessed. Results The MAC of isoflurane was 0.85% end-tidal in the control group, 0.55% end-tidal with the low dose of dexmedetomidine, and 0.45% end-tidal with the high dose of dexmedetomidine. Conclusions The MAC of isoflurane in the control group was lower than that reported previously in similar patients having surgery, probably due to anesthesia induction with thiopental and alfentanil. Nevertheless, with the high dose of dexmedetomidine, the MAC of isoflurane was still 47% less than that without dexmedetomidine.

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Sevoflurane-induced Reduction of Hypoxic Drive Is Sex-independent

Anesthesiology ◽

10.1097/00000542-199905000-00011 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 90 (5) ◽

pp. 1288-1293 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Elise Sarton ◽

Minke van der Wal ◽

Diederik Nieuwenhuijs ◽

Luc Teppema ◽

James L. Robotham ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bispectral Index ◽

Low Dose ◽

Ventilatory Response ◽

Carbon Dioxide Tension ◽

Opioid Agonist ◽

Men And Women ◽

Ventilatory Responses ◽

Inhalational Anesthetic ◽

Ventilatory Effects ◽

End Tidal

Background Although the mu-opioid agonist morphine affects ventilatory control in men and women in different ways, no data exist regarding the influence of sex on the ventilatory effects of inhalational anesthetics. The authors compared the effect of sevoflurane on the ventilatory response to isocapnic hypoxia in healthy young men and women. Methods Breath-to-breath ventilatory responses to hypoxic steps (number of hypoxic steps, four-six; duration, 3 min; end-tidal oxygen tension, approximately 50 mmHg; end-tidal carbon dioxide tension clamped at approximately 4 mmHg above resting values) were assessed in nine men and nine women without and with low-dose sevoflurane (end-tidal concentration, 0.25%). The bispectral index of the electroencephalogram was measured concomitantly. Results Sevoflurane reduced the hypoxic ventilatory sensitivity significantly in both sexes (men: control, 0.62 +/- 0.17 vs. sevoflurane, 0.38 +/- 0.19 l x min(-1) x %(-1); women: control, 0.52 +/- 0.30 vs. sevoflurane, 0.34 +/- 0.15 l x min(-1) x %(-1)). Sevoflurane-induced reductions of the hypoxic responses were not different in the men and women. During sevoflurane inhalation, the bispectral index values decreased equally in men and women. Conclusion In contrast to morphine, the influence of a low dose of the inhalational anesthetic sevoflurane on the ventilatory response to hypoxia is independent of sex.

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Anesthetic complications in diabetic dogs subjected to phacoemulsification

Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-5222 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 38 (7) ◽

pp. 1423-1430

Author(s):

Paula F. Pacheco ◽

Viviane S. Galeazzi ◽

Geni C.F. Patrício ◽

Patrícia B. Flôr ◽

Angélica V. Safatle ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Arterial Pressure ◽

Surgical Procedure ◽

Carbon Dioxide Tension ◽

Control Group ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Anesthetic Induction ◽

Anesthetic Complications ◽

Diabetic Dogs ◽

End Tidal ◽

And Control

ABSTRACT: The aim of this paper was to compare the incidence of anesthetic complications in diabetic and nondiabetic dogs subjected to phacoemulsification. In total, 30 male and female dogs of different breeds were used. The dogs were distributed into two groups: diabetic (DG) (n=15) and control (CG) (n=15). The animals were premedicated with acepromazine (0.03mg/kg) and meperidine (4mg/kg), intramuscularly. After 20 minutes, anesthesia was induced with propofol (2 to 5mg/kg) and maintained with isoflurane. The animals were monitored and the heart rate, respiratory rate, peripheral oxyhemoglobin saturation, end tidal carbon dioxide tension, inspired and expired isoflurane fraction, and invasive arterial pressure were recorded at 10 minute intervals during the surgical procedure. Arterial hemogasometry was performed after anesthetic induction (T0) and at the end of the surgical procedure. Diabetic patients (DG 10±2 years) were older than non-diabetic group (CG 6±2 years). The expired isoflurane fraction after induction was 30% higher in the control group (CG 1.3±0.3%, DG 1.0±0.2%) (p<0.01). The most common anesthetic complication was hypotension. In total, 80% of the diabetic animals (n=12) exhibited mean arterial pressure (MAP) lower than 60mmHg (54±9.6mmHg) after anesthetic induction, and 83% of the hypotensive dogs (n=10) required vasoactive drugs to treat hypotension. Regarding hemodynamic changes, diabetic patients subjected to general anesthesia were more likely to exhibit hypotension which may be due to the response of older animals to the drugs used; however, this change deserves further investigation.

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Physiological responses of Rhamdia quelen (Siluriformes: Heptapteridae) to anesthesia with essential oils from two different chemotypes of Lippia alba

Neotropical Ichthyology ◽

10.1590/1982-0224-20160083 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Carine de Freitas Souza ◽

Matheus Dellaméa Baldissera ◽

Joseânia Salbego ◽

Jane Mello Lopes ◽

Rodrigo de Almeida Vaucher ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Gases ◽

Control Fish ◽

Control Group ◽

Anesthesia Induction ◽

Electrolyte Balance ◽

Plasma Parameters ◽

Silver Catfish ◽

Lippia Alba ◽

Rhamdia Quelen ◽

Recovery Times

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate if Lippia alba has different chemotypes according to the chemical composition of the essential oil (EO) considering collection site, and if the EO may have different effects on blood and plasma parameters in silver catfish, Rhamdia quelen, during and immediately after anesthesia. The citral (EO-C) and linalool (EO-L) chemotypes were identified, and both presented similar anesthetic effects for silver catfish. Fish were exposed to two concentrations of each EO, which induced slow and fast anesthesia (100 and 300 µL L-1, respectively). Blood ions did not change at any time of anesthesia induction and recovery and, therefore, the electrolyte balance was not altered. Blood gases oscillated through all exposure and recovery times, but there was an increase in pO2 after 10 min recovery in fish anesthetized with EO-C. Glucose increased in fish exposed to both EOs when compared with the control group. Overall, exposure to both EOs (except 100 µL L-1 EO-L at most times) reduced plasma cortisol levels compared to the control and/or ethanol groups. However, as plasma creatinine levels in fish anesthetized with EO-C were higher than control fish, the use of EO-L is preferable.

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A randomized control study on anesthetic effects of flurbiprofen axetil combined with propofol on patients with liver cancer receiving microwave ablation

Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.12669/pjms.36.6.2091 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 36 (6) ◽

Author(s):

Xingshi Gu ◽

Qiang Yuan ◽

Jian Zhang ◽

Yawen Yang

Keyword(s):

Liver Cancer ◽

Recovery Time ◽

Microwave Ablation ◽

Adverse Reactions ◽

Control Group ◽

Anesthesia Induction ◽

Study Group ◽

Flurbiprofen Axetil ◽

Randomized Control ◽

Control Study

Objective: To evaluate the anesthetic effects of flurbiprofen axetil combined with propofol on patients with liver cancer receiving microwave ablation. Methods: Sixty patients (ASA grade: I-II) who underwent microwave ablation for liver cancer in our hospital from May 2018 to May 2019 were selected and randomly divided into a study group and a control group (n=30) that were anesthetized through target-controlled infusion of propofol combined with intravenous infusion of flurbiprofen axetil and target-controlled infusion of propofol alone, respectively. The mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), blood oxygen saturation (SpO2), numerical rating scale (NRS) score, adverse reactions and anesthetic effects (induction time, recovery time) of the two groups were compared before anesthesia (T0), at the beginning of puncture (T1), at the beginning of microwave ablation (T2), at the end of microwave ablation (T3) and one hour after surgery (T4). Results: MAP and HR of the study group were higher than those of the control group (P<0.05) at T2. There was no difference in SpO2 between the two groups (P>0.05). The anesthesia induction time and recovery time of the study group were significantly shorter than those of the control group (P<0.05). There was no difference in the NRS score between the two groups at T1 (P>0.05), but the study group had lower scores at T2-T4 (P<0.05). The incidence rate of postoperative adverse reactions was 13.33% in the study group and 46.67% in the control group, with a significant difference (P<0.05). Conclusion: Flurbiprofen axetil in combination with propofol exert evident anesthetic effects on patients with liver cancer receiving microwave ablation. The time of preoperative anesthesia induction and postoperative recovery time can be markedly shortened, and intraoperative vital signs can be maintained stable. This method is thus worthy of clinical promotion. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.6.2091 How to cite this:Gu X, Yuan Q, Zhang J, Yang Y. A randomized control study on anesthetic effects of flurbiprofen axetil combined with propofol on patients with liver cancer receiving microwave ablation. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(6):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.6.2091 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Clinical Experience with Atracurium during Prolonged Anaesthesia

Anaesthesia and Intensive Care ◽

10.1177/0310057x8901700307 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 17 (3) ◽

pp. 280-284 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

P. Staun ◽

L. I. Eriksson ◽

I. Cederholm ◽

C. Lennmarken

Keyword(s):

Recovery Time ◽

Bolus Dose ◽

Repeated Administration ◽

Control Group ◽

Adductor Pollicis Muscle ◽

Duration Of Effect ◽

Isoflurane Group ◽

Recovery Times ◽

Train Of Four ◽

Constant Interval

The pharmacodynamic properties of repeated injections of atracurium were studied in twenty-two patients. A control group received narcotic-based anaesthesia while another group received the same narcotic-based anaesthesia subsequently modified by the addition of 0.5% isoflurane. The twitch response of the adductor pollicis muscle was recorded after train-of-four (TOF) stimulation of the ulnar nerve at the wrist. Duration of effect and recovery time were measured. A bolus dose of atracurium (0.5 mg/kg b.w.) was given for tracheal intubation and maintenance doses of 0.2 mg/kg b.w. were given during anaesthesia at a TOF ratio of 0.25. Mean duration of anaesthesia was 7.5 hours (range 3–19). In the control group mean duration of effect and mean recovery time remained unchanged (six doses studied). A noteworthy inter-individual variation was found. In the isoflurane group mean duration of effect increased from 36.1 (SD 6.3) minutes to 42.2 (SD 8.1) minutes (P<0.05) following the addition of isoflurane. Corresponding recovery times remained unchanged. We conclude that during repeated administration of atracurium during narcotic-based anaesthesia, each patient shows a constant interval between requirements for maintenance doses of atracurium of 0.2 mg/kg b.w. Addition of 0.5% isoflurane causes a moderate prolongation of the duration of effect, but recovery time remains unchanged.

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Anesthesia and sedation of map treefrog (Hypsiboas geographicus) tadpoles with essential oils

Ciência Rural ◽

10.1590/0103-8478cr20160909 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 47 (11) ◽

Author(s):

Joseânia Salbego ◽

Janna Laely dos Santos Maia ◽

Cândida Toni ◽

Amanda Sousa Silva Rodrigues ◽

Elen Monique Oliveira Sousa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oils ◽

Plant Species ◽

Recovery Time ◽

Anesthesia Induction ◽

Lippia Alba ◽

Dependent Relationship ◽

Maximum Time ◽

Recovery Times ◽

Induction Times

ABSTRACT: The goal of this study was to investigate the sedative and anesthetic properties of essential oils (EOs) in map treefrog tadpoles (Hypsiboas geographicus) and to determine the sedation and deep anesthesia induction times as well as the recovery time. The tadpoles were exposed to one of the EOs from three plant species: Aniba rosaeodora (EOAR - 25, 50, 100 or 200µL L-1), Lippia origanoides (EOLO - 13, 25, 50, 100 or 200µL L-1), and Lippia alba (either chemotype citral [EOL-C - 25, 50, 100 or 200µL L-1] or linalool [EOL-L - 50, 75, 100 or 200µL L-1]) (n = 8 per replicate). The tadpoles exposed to 25 and 50µL L-1 EOL-C and EOL-L, respectively, were not anesthetized within 30min (the maximum time of observation), and those exposed to 200µL L-1 EOLO did not recover within 30min. Sedation, deep anesthesia and recovery times showed a concentration-dependent relationship for all EOs tested, with the exception of the recovery with EOLO. The results allowed concluding that all investigated EOs can be used to anesthetize tadpoles of H. geographicus, but the use of EOLO must not exceed 100µL L-1.

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Comparison of Postoperative Recovery after Manual and Target-Controlled Infusion of Remifentanil in Bariatric Surgery

Medicina ◽

10.3390/medicina57101114 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 57 (10) ◽

pp. 1114

Author(s):

Greta Kasputytė ◽

Paulina Gecevičienė ◽

Aurika Karbonskienė ◽

Andrius Macas ◽

Almantas Maleckas

Keyword(s):

Bariatric Surgery ◽

Recovery Time ◽

Infusion Pump ◽

Postoperative Recovery ◽

Control Group ◽

Morbidly Obese ◽

Highly Qualified ◽

Total Recovery ◽

Target Controlled Infusion ◽

Recovery Times

Background and Objectives: Early postoperative recovery after surgery is a key point for patients’ safety and comfort. Moreover, operating room turnover depends on recovery time. Our aim was to assess which method of remifentanil administration, manual (MI) or target-controlled infusion (TCI), could reduce patient time in recovery room. In this study, patients’ recovery times were registered and compared among the groups. Materials and Methods: We enrolled 31 morbidly obese patients in this prospective study. All of them had undergone bariatric surgery at the Hospital of Lithuanian University of Health Sciences Kauno Klinikos in 2020. Sevoflurane/remifentanil anaesthesia was performed for all patients. The patients were randomly assigned to the manual infusion (MI) (control group) or target-controlled infusion (TCI) group for the method of the administration of remifentanil. While the patients were waking up after the surgery, we recorded spontaneous breathing and airway reflexes recovery time, time of extubation, eye opening, recovery of orientation and beginning of the following oral command. For the TCI group, we also documented remifentanil concentrations in the blood (automatic infusion pump). Results: Patients did not differ in demographic values and duration of remifentanil infusion. We found that remifentanil consumption in the TCI group was lower, p = 0.02. Despite lower remifentanil consumption in the TCI group patients, they demonstrated longer total recovery time than the control group patiens: 14 (12–20) vs. 10 (6–16), p = 0.001. Conclusions: The study showed that, upon comparing the TCI method with MI, manual infusion produced better results in postoperative patient recovery. Additionally, higher doses of remifentanil were consumed using MI. In conclusion, the dosage recommended by highly qualified anaesthesiologists is favourable for morbidly obesity patients when compared to the TCI method.

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Evaluation of the Antinociceptive Effect of Maropitant, a Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonist, in Cats Undergoing Ovariohysterectomy

Veterinary Medicine International ◽

10.1155/2019/9352528 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Janaina M. X. Corrêa ◽

Priscila C. L. R. Soares ◽

Raquel V. Niella ◽

Brenda A. Costa ◽

Maxuel S. Ferreira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Postoperative Pain ◽

Receptor Antagonist ◽

Continuous Infusion ◽

Antinociceptive Effect ◽

Pain Scale ◽

Control Group ◽

Rescue Analgesia ◽

Ringer’S Lactate ◽

Neurokinin 1 ◽

End Tidal

Maropitant is a neurokinin-1 (NK1) receptor antagonist that can be used for pain management. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of continuous infusion of two doses of maropitant on cardiorespiratory parameters and its postoperative analgesic effect in cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy. Thirty cats were randomly assigned to one of three groups (10 cats each group): the control group (CG) received a continuous infusion of 10 ml/kg/h Ringer’s lactate; GM30 and GM100 first received an intravenous (IV) bolus of 1 mg/kg maropitant; GM30 then received continuous infusion of 30 μg/kg/h maropitant; and GM100 then received continuous infusion of 100 μg/kg/h maropitant. The maropitant was diluted into Ringer’s lactate and the GM30 and GM100 also received fluids intraoperatively. In all groups, premedication included intramuscular injections of morphine and acepromazine, followed by induction with propofol and maintenance with isoflurane. Temperature, heart rate (HR), Doppler blood pressure (DBP), respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, and measuring the end-tidal carbon dioxide and isoflurane were monitored. Postoperative pain was evaluated using a visual analog scale and the UNESP-Botucatu multidimensional composite pain scale in cats; morphine was used for analgesic rescue. During the surgical procedure, cats in GM100 demonstrated lower HR and DBP than those in CG. With regard to the evaluation of postoperative pain, GM100 required the least frequent morphine rescue and less rescue analgesia compared with CG. In conclusion, cats in GM100 maintained lower DBP and HR and required lower analgesic rescue during the postoperative period. The results suggested that animals receiving maropitant bolus (1 mg/kg) plus (100 μg/kg/h) experienced greater postoperative comfort, reflected by the lesser need for analgesic rescue. The use of maropitant in surgical procedures in cats contributes to postoperative comfort.

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